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69 This guidebook was intended to detail how GIS technologies can be leveraged by airports, local governments, and other stakeholders to serve as a collaboration tool for planning and development related to land use compatibility at an airport. Communities and airports have a broad range of governance relationships, statutes and regulations, organizational constructs, technological sophistication, funding prioritizations, and planning for economic development. The characterizations in the guidebook serve as a starting point to garner more specific information from local airport and local government planning departments. Further collaboration depends upon diverse variables in play for each individual airport, local agency, and stakeholder organization. The most critical impacts on land use compatibility around airports are by aircraft noise and obstructions to navigable airspace. Additional impacts such as wildlife attractants, air quality, and congestion of surface transportation were also identified. Local government officials and community planners develop ALUCPs that help specifically point to land use compatibility considerations and present supporting materials for local legis- lators to adopt airport zoning ordinances. Airport decision makers and airport planners work with the community to develop airport master plans that examine future planned development alternatives in concert with protections for airspace and safety areas to keep an airport operating safely and efficiently to best support the community and preserve aviation interests. Federal, state, and local statutes require not only the protection of property for land use compatibility, but also provide the impetus to gather accurate data to a standard to augment local data resources. GIS technologies help combine groups of datasets and provide perspectives to enable better collaboration between local communities, airports, developers, and other stake- holders. Nonetheless, validating land use compatibility and incompatibility is vital to current planning initiatives, community development, and comprehensive planning. GIS has been identified by most as a critical tool for purposes of validating land use compat- ibility. Most local governments and airports use numerous tools rooted in geospatial location. GIS allows practitioners to conduct queries and analyses they would not otherwise be able to do, such as correlation of data based on location and examining relevant patterns. While it is recommended that careful consideration be taken on a site-specific basis to address concerns of individual airports and surrounding communities (as there are varying degrees of compatibility based on the numerous variations), the benefits for using GIS as a collaborative technology for land use compatibility planning accrue from efficiency and effectiveness. Accord- ingly, it is important that local governments and airports work to discover approaches to enable collaboration with GIS technologies. Conclusions
70 Using GIS for Collaborative Land Use Compatibility Planning Near Airports Airports and the communities they serve have a mutual dependence. This interdependence requires that airports and municipal, county, and state agencies share information. Airports and public agencies have found a variety of ways to share geographic information and related resources. These include identification of useful resources, discovery and leverage of existing datasets, seeking collaborative forums, and appreciation of differing perspectives. Effective practices applied appropriately to an organizationâs unique circumstances can mitigate challenges communities and airports face related to leveraging GIS technologies for collaboration with land use compatibility planning and development. Practitioners can champion technology by helping executives visualize the added value of having a complete pictureâgarnering organizational support with the aim of soliciting an executive champion. Leveraging existing data sources and seeking quick wins such as incorporation of Part 77 surfaces into obstruction evaluation, consistent with local zoning ordinances, can show decisions makers how GIS tech- nologies enable collaboration. Technical specifications that enable analysis combined with the symbology and visualiza- tion capabilities of GIS technologies contribute to enhanced communication of information. Jurisdictional and regulatory resources such as parcels, zoning, and boundary maps aid in land use planning and are typically found in local planning or GIS departments. Information such as this can be combined with data sources derived from ALPs and airspace analysis. When collaboratively overlaid, local planners and airport planners have information that can easily be measured and visualized to help with land use compatibility planning and development considerations. Software transforms the data that has been developed into useful information that can be used to make land use compatibility decisions, presenting the data in a meaningful way and allowing users to view, query, and print that data in a manner that helps them or others make land use compatibility decisions. Choosing the best software and configuring it in the best way to meet a specific need is critical to effective collaboration between organizations seeking to address land use compatibility impacts. GIS data can be disseminated in the form of maps and exhibits that convey information to decision makers that do not have access to GIS software. While desktop and laptop computers remain the most common form of disseminating information, on-line, client-server, and cloud applications and services provide tremendous opportunity for enhanced collaboration. More- over, mobile devices such as smart phones and tablets, along with crowd sourcing applications can be developed to meet airport and local government needs for enhanced collaboration. It is important that land around an airport is used in a manner compatible with aircraft operations. GIS helps overcome these challenges by addressing the technical and analytical aspects of land use planning, and facilitating stakeholder collaboration and communication. The benefits of GIS described in this guidebook can be fully realized when local communities and airports are proactive in seeking to collaborate for airport land use compatibility planning.
