ENHANCING URBAN
SUSTAINABILITY

with Data, Modeling, and Simulation

PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP

Linda Casola, Rapporteur

Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics

Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics

Board on Energy and Environmental Systems

Computer Science and Telecommunications Board

Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
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This activity was supported by the George and Cynthia Mitchell Endowment for Sustainability Sciences at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-49411-3
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-49411-7
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25480

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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Enhancing Urban Sustainability with Data, Modeling, and Simulation: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25480.

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PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR THE WORKSHOP ON FRONTIERS OF BIG DATA, MODELING, AND SIMULATION IN URBAN SUSTAINABILITY

ANIRUDDHA DASGUPTA, World Resources Institute, Co-Chair

KATHERINE BENNETT ENSOR, Rice University, Co-Chair

JOHN R. BIRGE, NAE,¹ University of Chicago

LILIAN CORAL, John S. and James L. Knight Foundation

CHRISTINE EHLIG-ECONOMIDES, NAE, University of Houston

JEANNE HOLM, City of Los Angeles

LUCAS JOPPA, Microsoft Corporation

CONSTANTINE KONTOKOSTA, New York University

DAVID MAIER, Portland State University

JOSÉ M.F. MOURA, NAE, Carnegie Mellon University

Staff

ELIZABETH ZEITLER, Senior Program Officer, Board on Energy and Environmental Systems, Workshop Director

SHENAE BRADLEY, Administrative Assistant, Computer Science and Telecommunications Board

BETH DOLAN, Financial Manager, Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics

CHRISTOPHER FU, Research Associate, Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics

MICHELLE SCHWALBE, Director, Board on Mathematical Sciences and Analytics

BEN A. WENDER, Director, Committee on Applied and Theoretical Statistics

___________________

¹ Member, National Academy of Engineering.

BOARD ON MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES AND ANALYTICS

MARK L. GREEN, University of California, Los Angeles, Chair

HÉLÈNE BARCELO, Mathematical Sciences Research Institute

JOHN R. BIRGE, NAE,¹ University of Chicago

W. PETER CHERRY, NAE, Independent Consultant

DAVID S.C. CHU, Institute for Defense Analyses

RONALD R. COIFMAN, NAS,² Yale University

JAMES (JIM) CURRY, University of Colorado Boulder

SHAWNDRA HILL, Microsoft Research

LYDIA KAVRAKI, NAM,³ Rice University

TAMARA KOLDA, Sandia National Laboratories

JOSEPH A. LANGSAM, University of Maryland

DAVID MAIER, Portland State University

LOIS CURFMAN McINNES, Argonne National Laboratory

JILL C. PIPHER, Brown University

ELIZABETH A. THOMPSON, NAS, University of Washington

CLAIRE J. TOMLIN, NAE, University of California, Berkeley

LANCE A. WALLER, Emory University

KAREN E. WILLCOX, University of Texas, Austin

Staff

MICHELLE SCHWALBE, Director

SELAM ARAIA, Program Assistant

LINDA CASOLA, Associate Program Officer

BETH DOLAN, Financial Manager (until May 2019)

CHRISTOPHER FU, Research Associate (until August 2019)

ADRIANNA HARGROVE, Financial Manager (from May 2019)

TYLER KLOEFKORN, Program Officer

___________________

¹ Member, National Academy of Engineering.

² Member, National Academy of Sciences.

³ Member, National Academy of Medicine.

COMMITTEE ON APPLIED AND THEORETICAL STATISTICS

ALFRED O. HERO III, University of Michigan, Chair

ALICIA CARRIQUIRY, NAM,¹ Iowa State University

RONG CHEN, Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey

MICHAEL J. DANIELS, University of Florida

KATHERINE BENNETT ENSOR, Rice University

AMY H. HERRING, Duke University

TIM HESTERBERG, Google, Inc.

NICHOLAS J. HORTON, Amherst College

DAVID MADIGAN, Columbia University

XIAO-LI MENG, Harvard University

JOSÉ M.F. MOURA, NAE,² Carnegie Mellon University

RAQUEL PRADO, University of California, Santa Cruz

NANCY M. REID, NAS,³ University of Toronto

CYNTHIA RUDIN, Duke University

AARTI SINGH, Carnegie Mellon University

ALYSON G. WILSON, North Carolina State University

Staff

TYLER KLOEFKORN, Director (from June 2019)

BEN A. WENDER, Director (until June 2019)

SELAM ARAIA, Program Assistant

LINDA CASOLA, Associate Program Officer

BETH DOLAN, Financial Manager (until May 2019)

CHRISTOPHER FU, Research Associate (until August 2019)

ADRIANNA HARGROVE, Financial Manager (from May 2019)

___________________

¹ Member, National Academy of Medicine.

² Member, National Academy of Engineering.

³ Member, National Academy of Sciences.

BOARD ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS

JARED COHON, NAE,¹ Carnegie Mellon University, Chair

DAVID ALLEN, NAE, University of Texas, Austin

VICKY BAILEY, Anderson Stratton Enterprises

CARLA BAILO, Center for Automotive Research

W. TERRY BOSTON, NAE, GridLiance GP, LLC, and Grid Protection Alliance

WILLIAM BRINKMAN, NAS,² Princeton University

DEEPAKRAJ DIVAN, NAE, Georgia Institute of Technology

MARCIUS EXTAVOUR, XPRIZE

KELLY SIMS GALLAGHER, Tufts University

T.J. GLAUTHIER, T.J. Glauthier Associates, LLC

AMOS N. (NAT) GOLDHABER, Claremont Creek Ventures

BARBARA KATES-GARNICK, Tufts University

JOANN MILLIKEN, Independent Consultant

DOROTHY ROBYN, Boston University

ALEXANDER SLOCUM, NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

JOHN WALL, NAE, Cummins, Inc. (retired)

ROBERT WEISENMILLER, California Energy Commission

Staff

K. JOHN HOLMES, Director/Scholar

REBECCA DeBOER, Program Assistant

MICHAELA KERXHALLI-KLEINFIELD, Research Assistant

HEATHER LOZOWSKI, Financial Manager

BEN A. WENDER, Senior Program Officer

ELIZABETH ZEITLER, Senior Program Officer

JAMES ZUCCHETTO, Senior Scientist

___________________

¹ Member, National Academy of Engineering.

² Member, National Academy of Sciences.

COMPUTER SCIENCE AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS BOARD

FARNAM JAHANIAN, Carnegie Mellon University, Chair

LUIZ BARROSO, Google, Inc.

STEVEN M. BELLOVIN, NAE,¹ Columbia University

ROBERT F. BRAMMER, Brammer Technology, LLC

DAVID CULLER, NAE, University of California, Berkeley

EDWARD FRANK, NAE, Cloud Parity, Inc.

LAURA HAAS, NAE, University of Massachusetts Amherst

MARK HOROWITZ, NAE, Stanford University

ERIC HORVITZ, NAE, Microsoft Corporation

VIJAY KUMAR, NAE, University of Pennsylvania

BETH MYNATT, Georgia Institute of Technology

CRAIG PARTRIDGE, Colorado State University

DANIELA RUS, NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology

FRED B. SCHNEIDER, NAE, Cornell University

MARGO SELTZER, NAE, University of British Columbia

MOSHE VARDI, NAS²/NAE, Rice University

Staff

JON EISENBERG, Senior Board Director

SHENAE BRADLEY, Administrative Assistant

EMILY GRUMBLING, Program Officer

RENEE HAWKINS, Financial and Administrative Manager

LYNETTE I. MILLETT, Associate Director

KATIRIA ORTIZ, Associate Program Officer

___________________

¹ Member, National Academy of Engineering.

² Member, National Academy of Sciences.

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Acknowledgment of Reviewers

This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.

We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:

Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by Andrew Solow, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with the standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteur and the National Academies.

___________________

¹ Member, National Academy of Sciences.

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Contents

1 INTRODUCTION

Workshop Overview

2 FRAMING THE PROBLEM

Why Is This Workshop Important?

Discussion

3 ADVANCES IN DATA, MODELING, AND SIMULATION

Data, Modeling, and Simulation

Innovation in Geospatial Data Sources and Spatiotemporal Analysis

Privatization of Data and Data Privacy: Two Sides of One Coin

Data Use Experiences Across Cities

4 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR CITIES

Urban Theory to Understand City Challenges and Opportunities

Discussion

5 IDENTIFYING DIRECTIONS FOR PARTNERSHIP

Theme 1: Air and Water Systems

Theme 2: Transportation and Physical Infrastructure

Theme 3: Sustainable Inclusive Communities

6 REFLECTIONS AND NEXT STEPS

Concluding Panel Discussion

REFERENCES

APPENDIXES

A Workshop Agenda

B Registered Workshop Participants

C Workshop Planning Committee Biographical Information