Case Studies of Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling (2019)

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Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling G-1 Appendix G. Case Study #7: Representative Drive Cycles for Different Project Contexts G.1 Emissions Model Inputs Supported • Operating mode distribution (project-level) G.2 Level of Effort for Local Application • Low—to apply drive cycles presented in this case study to local project-level analysis. • Medium—to develop new, custom drive cycles from an existing dataset of second-by-second speed traces generated by a simulation model or collected in the field. • High—to create a new simulation model or to collect field data using instrumented vehicles, and then develop custom drive cycles. G.3 Overview Case Study #1 demonstrates how operating mode distributions can be developed for various types of project-specific situations. In that case study, custom operating mode distributions were gathered from existing studies for different project contexts including: • Ports—inside the gate. • Ports—outside the gate. • Border crossings. • Highway on ramps. • Traffic incidents. These operating mode distributions can be used as inputs into MOVES emissions simulations at the project scale of analysis. The case study also presents illustrative emission factors developed using these operating mode distributions, compares emission factors across project contexts and data sources, and compares emission factors and with factors developed using MOVES default distributions and with a single average speed. Operating mode distributions indicate the fraction of time each vehicle spends in a particular “bin” representing different combinations of speed and vehicle-specific power. There are 24 bins defined in MOVES, including braking, idling, two coasting bins, and 20 cruise/acceleration bins. The calculation of VSP also requires road load coefficients and vehicle mass, which are specified by source type in MOVES. If U.S. EPA makes updates in the future versions of MOVES with respect to the values of road load coefficients and vehicle mass, the definition of operating mode bins, or even the grouping of source types, then the operation mode distributions developed in Case Study #1 may no longer be applicable. Therefore,

Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling G-2 the project team developed drive cycles corresponding to the operating mode distributions developed in Case Study #1. Since drive cycles are second-by-second speed traces that represent the instantaneous speed and acceleration of the vehicle, they can be applied to calculate VSP and subsequently operating mode bins in future versions of MOVES. In addition, they can be readily used in other modal emission models and for analyses of heavy-duty truck activity. G.4 Data Sources Source Source Agency Description Availability and Cost Advances in Project-Level Analysis study FHWA Operating mode distributions developed using microsimulation models set up for different hypothetical freeway and port situations Data published in report (E. H. Pechan and Cambridge Systematics, Inc., 2010) and provided with this case study United States-Mexico Land Ports of Entry Emissions and Border Wait- Time White Paper and Analysis Template study FHWA Operating mode distributions developed using a simulation model based on observed conditions at the El Paso U.S. – Mexico border crossing Published report with summary information (Kear, Wilson, and Corbett, 2012); data available upon request; analysis results provided with this case study Using these data sources, the project team developed drive cycles for selected illustrative, truck-specific conditions. The following scenarios from Case Study #1 were selected for drive cycle development. • FHWA Advances; Port gate, 10 trucks per hour (Gate approach). • FHWA Advances; Port gate, 10 trucks per hour (Intersection approach). • FHWA Advances; Port gate, 60 trucks per hour (Gate approach). • FHWA Advances; Port gate, 60 trucks per hour (Intersection approach). • FHWA Advances; On port. • El Paso Border crossing; Creeping queue, Southbound trucks (all). • El Paso Border crossing; Stop-and-go queue, Southbound trucks (all). • El Paso Border crossing; Uncongested links, Southbound trucks (all). G.5 Data Processing and Analysis In general, drive cycle development involves cutting the entire vehicle activity data into short snippets (or microtrips), connecting different combinations of the snippets to create a pool of candidate drive cycles, and then selecting a drive cycle that is the most representative of the data population. The procedures used to develop drive cycles in this case study are described below.

Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling G-3 1. Vehicle activity splitting: Typically, vehicle activity data in terms of second-by-second speed profiles are collected by an onboard data logger instrumented on the vehicle. This results in a continuous speed profile for the entire trip. In the development of drive cycles, this long speed profile is often split into shorter snippets, each representing vehicle activity over a distance (e.g., roadway link), a time period (e.g., a specific number of seconds), a driving mode (e.g., cruising, accelerating), or a certain characteristic (e.g., congestion level). However, the vehicle activity data used in this case study were generated by traffic microsimulation models where the simulated vehicle speed profiles were already indexed by vehicle type, roadway link, and congestion level. Thus, the first step in developing drive cycles in this case study was to identify the simulated speed profiles that belong to each of the scenarios. For example, in the scenario port gate, 10 trucks per hour (Gate approach), the simulated speed profiles of trucks on the links approaching the port gate were identified and included in the pool for this scenario. Since the simulated truck speed profiles on these specific links are fairly short and they represent a specific driving situation, the entire speed profile of a truck was treated as a snippet by itself. Together, all the vehicle activity snippets in the pool form the data population for the scenario. 2. Candidate cycle generation: Generally, the vehicle activity snippets resulting from the previous step can vary greatly in length. Each snippet can be considered as a drive cycle by itself. In addition, drive cycles can be generated by connecting two or more snippets together. All these drive cycles are referred to as candidate cycles. Since the vehicle activity snippets in this case study represent a specific driving situation of interest, each of them was treated as a candidate cycle by itself. That means the pool of vehicle activity snippets was simply turned into a pool of candidate cycles. 3. Selection of representative cycle: In this step, a candidate cycle was selected from the pool whose characteristic best match the characteristic of the data population to be the representative cycle. The representativeness was quantitatively determined using a selection criterion and the associated performance measure. The selection criterion used in this case study is joint speed-acceleration distribution (JSAD). This is a characteristic of the data population that we want the representative cycle to emulate as close as possible. The performance measure used to evaluate how close the JSAD of a candidate cycle is to the JSAD of the data population is root mean squared error (RMSE). For a scenario, the RMSE of JSAD for each candidate cycle in the pool was calculated and a candidate cycle with the lowest RMSE of JSAD was then selected as a representative cycle for that scenario. The RMSE of JSAD can be calculated as: RMSE of JSAD = 1 − Where: is frequency of cell i in JSAD for the candidate cycle. is frequency of cell i in JSAD for data population. is number of cells in JSAD. As an example, Figure F.1 and Figure F.2 show the JSADs of the data population and the representative cycle for the scenario port gate, 10 trucks per hour (Gate approach), respectively. Figure F.1 shows that the data population has more than 80 percent of the vehicle activity at speed between 0 and 5 mph, as well as at acceleration between -0.5 and 0.5 mph per second. These frequency numbers are well matched by those in

Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling G-4 the JSAD of the representative cycle in Figure F.2. The JSADs of data population and representative cycle for all the scenarios are provided in the appendix at the end of this case study report. G.6 Findings from Sample Data Table G.1 shows the characteristics of the representative cycles for the scenarios of interest in this case study. The cycles also are represented graphically in Figure F.3 through Figure F.10. Figure F.11 to Figure G.26 present the JSADs of the data population and the representative drive cycle for all eight scenarios. Table G.1 Summary of Drive Cycle Characteristics Time (Sec) Distance (mi) % Time Idle Speed (mph) Avg. Non-Idle Speed (mph) Acceleration (mph/s) Deceleration (mph/s) Max Avg Max Avg Max Avg Port gate, 10 trucks/hr (Gate approach) 300 0.5 80.7 45.0 6.0 31.1 2.7 1.8 -4.6 -3.0 Port gate, 10 trucks/hr (Intersection approach) 44 0.3 20.5 45.5 24.4 30.7 6.3 3.7 -4.5 -2.1 Port gate, 60 trucks/hr (Gate approach) 5,032 0.5 94.0 42.5 0.4 5.8 3.2 1.5 -7.3 -0.8 Port gate, 60 trucks/hr (Intersection approach) 86 0.3 60.5 45.0 12.4 31.3 7.5 4.1 -7.5 -2.3 On port 110 0.5 0.0 32.3 16.2 16.2 5.9 1.0 -3.9 -0.5 Border crossing; Creeping queue 432 2.3 31.7 39.4 19.0 27.8 4.7 1.4 -6.3 -1.8 Border crossing; Stop & go queue 1,153 2.3 63.4 39.6 7.1 19.3 5.3 1.0 -5.3 -1.6 Border crossing; Uncongested links 1,038 2.2 55.8 32.9 7.7 17.5 4.2 1.1 -5.0 -1.5

Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling G-5 Figure G.1 JSAD of Data Population—FHWA Advances Port Gate, 10 Trucks per Hour (Gate Approach) Figure G.2 JSAD of Drive Cycle—FHWA Advances Port Gate, 10 Trucks per Hour (Gate Approach) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 10±0.5 9±0.5 8±0.5 7±0.5 6±0.5 5±0.5 4±0.5 3±0.5 0.20 0.53 0.43 0.27 0.08 1.52 2±0.5 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.27 0.56 0.71 0.68 0.57 0.12 3.53 1±0.5 0.15 0.09 0.02 0.12 0.25 0.49 0.91 0.39 0.36 0.27 0.06 3.12 0±0.5 80.81 0.02 0.09 0.01 0.49 1.46 4.07 0.40 0.06 0.01 87.43 -1±0.5 0.04 0.14 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.32 -2±0.5 0.01 0.21 0.23 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.57 -3±0.5 0.30 0.37 0.25 0.12 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.11 -4±0.5 0.11 0.04 0.09 0.25 0.32 0.18 0.14 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.01 1.22 -5±0.5 0.14 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.19 0.21 0.19 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.91 -6±0.5 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.21 -7±0.5 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.06 -8±0.5 -9±0.5 -10±0.5 Total 81.99 1.46 1.55 1.02 1.10 1.21 1.80 2.83 5.28 0.49 0.82 0.39 0.07 100.00 Accel Bin (mph/s) Speed Bin Total (mph) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 10±0.5 9±0.5 8±0.5 7±0.5 6±0.5 5±0.5 4±0.5 3±0.5 0.67 0.67 0.33 1.67 2±0.5 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.67 1.00 1.00 0.67 4.33 1±0.5 0.33 1.67 2.00 0±0.5 80.33 6.67 87.00 -1±0.5 0.67 0.67 -2±0.5 0.33 0.33 0.67 -3±0.5 0.67 0.33 0.33 0.33 1.67 -4±0.5 0.67 0.33 0.33 0.33 1.67 -5±0.5 0.33 0.33 -6±0.5 -7±0.5 -8±0.5 -9±0.5 -10±0.5 Total 81.33 1.33 2.33 1.00 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 8.67 100.00 Accel Bin (mph/s) Speed Bin Total (mph)

Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling G-6 Figure G.3 Drive Cycle—FHWA Advances Port Gate, 10 Trucks per Hour (Gate Approach) Figure G.4 Drive Cycle—FHWA Advances Port Gate, 10 Trucks per Hour (Intersection Approach)

Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling G-7 Figure G.5 Drive Cycle—FHWA Advances Port Gate, 60 Trucks per Hour (Gate Approach) Figure G.6 Drive Cycle—FHWA Advances Port Gate, 60 Trucks per Hour (Intersection Approach)

Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling G-8 Figure G.7 Drive Cycle—FHWA Advances On Port Figure G.8 Drive Cycle—El Paso Border Crossing; Creeping Queue Southbound Trucks (All)

Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling G-9 Figure G.9 Drive Cycle—El Paso Border Crossing Stop-and-Go Queue, Southbound Trucks (All) Figure G.10 Drive Cycle—El Paso Border Crossing Uncongested Links, Southbound Trucks (All)

Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling G-10 Figure G.11 JSAD of Data Population—FHWA Advances Port Gate, 10 Trucks per Hour (Gate Approach) Figure G.12 JSAD of Drive Cycle—FHWA Advances Port Gate, 10 Trucks per Hour (Gate Approach) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 10±0.5 9±0.5 8±0.5 7±0.5 6±0.5 5±0.5 4±0.5 3±0.5 0.20 0.53 0.43 0.27 0.08 1.52 2±0.5 0.23 0.21 0.19 0.27 0.56 0.71 0.68 0.57 0.12 3.53 1±0.5 0.15 0.09 0.02 0.12 0.25 0.49 0.91 0.39 0.36 0.27 0.06 3.12 0±0.5 80.81 0.02 0.09 0.01 0.49 1.46 4.07 0.40 0.06 0.01 87.43 -1±0.5 0.04 0.14 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.05 0.02 0.32 -2±0.5 0.01 0.21 0.23 0.06 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.57 -3±0.5 0.30 0.37 0.25 0.12 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 1.11 -4±0.5 0.11 0.04 0.09 0.25 0.32 0.18 0.14 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.01 1.22 -5±0.5 0.14 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.07 0.19 0.21 0.19 0.01 0.04 0.01 0.91 -6±0.5 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.04 0.06 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.21 -7±0.5 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.06 -8±0.5 -9±0.5 -10±0.5 Total 81.99 1.46 1.55 1.02 1.10 1.21 1.80 2.83 5.28 0.49 0.82 0.39 0.07 100.00 Accel Bin (mph/s) Speed Bin Total (mph) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 10±0.5 9±0.5 8±0.5 7±0.5 6±0.5 5±0.5 4±0.5 3±0.5 0.67 0.67 0.33 1.67 2±0.5 0.33 0.33 0.33 0.67 1.00 1.00 0.67 4.33 1±0.5 0.33 1.67 2.00 0±0.5 80.33 6.67 87.00 -1±0.5 0.67 0.67 -2±0.5 0.33 0.33 0.67 -3±0.5 0.67 0.33 0.33 0.33 1.67 -4±0.5 0.67 0.33 0.33 0.33 1.67 -5±0.5 0.33 0.33 -6±0.5 -7±0.5 -8±0.5 -9±0.5 -10±0.5 Total 81.33 1.33 2.33 1.00 1.33 1.33 1.33 1.33 8.67 100.00 Accel Bin (mph/s) Speed Bin Total (mph)

Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling G-11 Figure G.13 JSAD of Data Population—FHWA Advances Port Gate, 10 Trucks per Hour (Intersection Approach) Figure G.14 JSAD of Drive Cycle—FHWA Advances Port Gate, 10 Trucks per Hour (Intersection Approach) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 10±0.5 9±0.5 8±0.5 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.03 7±0.5 0.04 0.03 0.07 0.18 0.22 0.03 0.57 6±0.5 0.16 0.21 0.31 0.74 0.52 0.29 0.28 0.17 2.69 5±0.5 0.02 0.15 0.19 0.31 0.33 0.42 1.23 1.24 0.76 0.18 0.12 0.05 0.01 5.00 4±0.5 0.09 0.04 0.15 0.17 0.02 0.62 1.21 1.21 0.94 0.64 0.42 0.19 0.04 5.74 3±0.5 0.11 0.10 0.27 0.33 0.08 0.35 0.92 0.87 0.89 0.46 0.36 0.16 0.03 0.00 4.95 2±0.5 0.08 0.08 0.27 0.25 0.46 1.64 2.60 2.73 1.96 0.25 0.17 0.09 0.02 10.61 1±0.5 0.15 0.08 0.33 0.17 0.06 0.74 2.24 4.57 4.14 0.42 0.20 0.09 0.02 13.22 0±0.5 10.64 0.14 0.60 0.09 0.01 0.06 1.54 13.39 18.33 0.60 1.46 0.43 0.07 47.37 -1±0.5 0.18 0.08 0.50 0.08 0.01 0.03 0.07 0.34 0.66 0.17 0.07 0.01 0.00 2.22 -2±0.5 0.15 0.05 0.15 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.05 0.19 0.21 0.06 0.04 0.01 0.00 1.00 -3±0.5 0.15 0.05 0.08 0.07 0.08 0.14 0.21 0.34 0.15 0.07 0.02 0.00 1.38 -4±0.5 0.32 0.25 0.39 0.35 0.20 0.52 0.57 0.45 0.25 0.13 0.02 0.00 3.45 -5±0.5 0.12 0.11 0.12 0.09 0.04 0.06 0.13 0.11 0.09 0.06 0.02 0.01 0.96 -6±0.5 0.07 0.08 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.05 0.03 0.00 0.51 -7±0.5 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.16 -8±0.5 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.07 -9±0.5 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.03 -10±0.5 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.05 Total 12.15 1.49 3.39 2.45 2.32 5.40 11.13 25.75 28.60 3.11 2.95 1.06 0.19 0.00 100.00 Accel Bin (mph/s) Speed Bin Total (mph) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 10±0.5 9±0.5 8±0.5 7±0.5 6±0.5 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.27 9.09 5±0.5 2.27 2.27 4.55 4±0.5 2.27 2.27 4.55 3±0.5 2.27 2.27 4.55 2±0.5 4.55 4.55 1±0.5 2.27 4.55 6.82 0±0.5 15.91 2.27 13.64 31.82 -1±0.5 4.55 4.55 2.27 11.36 -2±0.5 2.27 2.27 -3±0.5 2.27 2.27 -4±0.5 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.27 2.27 4.55 2.27 18.18 -5±0.5 -6±0.5 -7±0.5 -8±0.5 -9±0.5 -10±0.5 Total 22.73 4.55 9.09 4.55 6.82 4.55 6.82 9.09 29.55 2.27 100.00 Accel Bin (mph/s) Speed Bin Total (mph)

Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling G-12 Figure G.15 JSAD of Data Population—FHWA Advances Port Gate, 60 Trucks per Hour (Gate Approach) Figure G.16 JSAD of Drive Cycle—FHWA Advances Port Gate, 60 Trucks per Hour (Gate Approach) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 10±0.5 9±0.5 8±0.5 7±0.5 6±0.5 5±0.5 4±0.5 3±0.5 0.24 0.40 0.07 0.02 0.01 0.74 2±0.5 0.26 0.19 0.04 0.01 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.66 1±0.5 0.26 0.10 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.03 0.04 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.51 0±0.5 95.73 0.21 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.05 0.10 0.00 0.01 0.00 96.14 -1±0.5 0.94 0.21 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 1.17 -2±0.5 0.22 0.14 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.36 -3±0.5 0.07 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.16 -4±0.5 0.04 0.04 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.11 -5±0.5 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.08 -6±0.5 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 -7±0.5 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 -8±0.5 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 -9±0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 -10±0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 Total 97.80 1.40 0.19 0.05 0.08 0.08 0.08 0.13 0.15 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 100.00 Accel Bin (mph/s) Speed Bin Total (mph) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 10±0.5 9±0.5 8±0.5 7±0.5 6±0.5 5±0.5 4±0.5 3±0.5 0.28 0.48 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.85 2±0.5 0.12 0.14 0.06 0.04 0.06 0.02 0.44 1±0.5 0.28 0.10 0.04 0.02 0.44 0±0.5 95.97 0.26 0.08 96.30 -1±0.5 1.01 0.20 0.02 1.23 -2±0.5 0.28 0.14 0.42 -3±0.5 0.02 0.12 0.14 -4±0.5 0.02 0.04 0.06 -5±0.5 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.06 -6±0.5 -7±0.5 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.06 -8±0.5 -9±0.5 -10±0.5 Total 97.99 1.47 0.10 0.04 0.06 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.14 100.00 Accel Bin (mph/s) Speed Bin Total (mph)

Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling G-13 Figure G.17 JSAD of Data Population—FHWA Advances Port Gate, 60 Trucks per Hour (Intersection Approach) Figure G.18 JSAD of Drive Cycle—FHWA Advances Port Gate, 60 Trucks per Hour (Intersection Approach) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 10±0.5 9±0.5 8±0.5 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.03 7±0.5 0.03 0.02 0.03 0.08 0.09 0.02 0.28 6±0.5 0.11 0.11 0.15 0.33 0.25 0.12 0.13 0.07 0.00 1.26 5±0.5 0.02 0.12 0.13 0.14 0.16 0.19 0.56 0.58 0.35 0.09 0.04 0.02 0.00 2.41 4±0.5 0.06 0.03 0.09 0.08 0.01 0.30 0.59 0.55 0.44 0.29 0.21 0.09 0.02 2.77 3±0.5 0.11 0.11 0.19 0.17 0.04 0.16 0.46 0.41 0.42 0.20 0.14 0.08 0.02 0.00 2.51 2±0.5 0.10 0.11 0.23 0.15 0.23 0.70 1.19 1.32 0.95 0.14 0.09 0.03 0.01 5.26 1±0.5 0.15 0.15 0.31 0.10 0.04 0.30 0.88 2.08 1.97 0.18 0.10 0.04 0.01 6.30 0±0.5 56.50 0.34 0.49 0.05 0.02 0.03 0.66 5.81 8.58 0.32 0.67 0.21 0.03 0.00 73.71 -1±0.5 0.49 0.37 0.39 0.04 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.15 0.25 0.07 0.03 0.01 0.00 1.85 -2±0.5 0.22 0.15 0.10 0.03 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.07 0.08 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.74 -3±0.5 0.11 0.13 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.10 0.06 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.69 -4±0.5 0.14 0.14 0.15 0.13 0.06 0.18 0.20 0.16 0.08 0.04 0.01 0.00 0.00 1.30 -5±0.5 0.07 0.07 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.04 0.08 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.51 -6±0.5 0.04 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.20 -7±0.5 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.09 -8±0.5 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.04 -9±0.5 0.01 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.03 -10±0.5 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 Total 58.07 1.92 2.39 1.19 1.08 2.36 4.91 11.45 13.30 1.43 1.33 0.48 0.09 0.00 100.00 Accel Bin (mph/s) Speed Bin Total (mph) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 10±0.5 9±0.5 8±0.5 7±0.5 1.16 1.16 1.16 3.49 6±0.5 1.16 1.16 1.16 3.49 5±0.5 4±0.5 3±0.5 2.33 2.33 2±0.5 1±0.5 1.16 1.16 2.33 0±0.5 58.14 2.33 6.98 5.81 73.26 -1±0.5 1.16 1.16 2.33 4.65 -2±0.5 1.16 1.16 -3±0.5 -4±0.5 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16 1.16 5.81 -5±0.5 1.16 1.16 -6±0.5 -7±0.5 1.16 1.16 -8±0.5 1.16 1.16 -9±0.5 -10±0.5 Total 61.63 2.33 5.81 1.16 1.16 2.33 2.33 11.63 11.63 100.00 Accel Bin (mph/s) Speed Bin Total (mph)

Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling G-14 Figure G.19 JSAD of Data Population—FHWA Advances On Port Figure G.20 JSAD of Drive Cycle—FHWA Advances On Port 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 10±0.5 9±0.5 8±0.5 0.00 0.00 7±0.5 0.00 0.03 0.09 0.02 0.13 6±0.5 0.02 0.18 0.24 0.08 0.05 0.01 0.58 5±0.5 0.02 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.23 0.01 1.15 4±0.5 0.10 0.17 0.33 0.36 0.16 0.01 0.00 1.13 3±0.5 0.02 0.16 0.18 0.11 0.17 0.08 0.00 0.00 0.73 2±0.5 0.06 0.37 0.31 0.27 0.11 0.05 0.01 0.00 1.18 1±0.5 0.68 1.09 0.19 0.07 0.05 0.02 0.01 0.00 2.11 0±0.5 34.70 46.80 2.08 3.91 0.86 0.19 0.00 88.54 -1±0.5 0.67 1.33 0.56 0.17 0.06 0.02 0.00 2.81 -2±0.5 0.00 0.06 0.20 0.25 0.14 0.07 0.01 0.73 -3±0.5 0.03 0.11 0.09 0.06 0.04 0.01 0.35 -4±0.5 0.01 0.12 0.18 0.10 0.02 0.00 0.43 -5±0.5 0.00 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.02 0.00 0.09 -6±0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 -7±0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 -8±0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -9±0.5 -10±0.5 0.00 0.00 Total 0.00 36.25 50.34 4.44 5.85 2.26 0.81 0.04 0.00 0.00 100.00 Accel Bin (mph/s) Speed Bin Total (mph) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 10±0.5 9±0.5 8±0.5 7±0.5 6±0.5 0.91 0.91 5±0.5 0.91 0.91 4±0.5 3±0.5 0.91 0.91 2±0.5 1.82 1.82 1±0.5 3.64 0.91 4.55 0±0.5 33.64 50.00 0.91 84.55 -1±0.5 1.82 2.73 4.55 -2±0.5 0.91 0.91 -3±0.5 -4±0.5 0.91 0.91 -5±0.5 -6±0.5 -7±0.5 -8±0.5 -9±0.5 -10±0.5 Total 39.09 57.27 1.82 0.91 0.91 100.00 Accel Bin (mph/s) Speed Bin Total (mph)

Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling G-15 Figure G.21 JSAD of Data Population—El Paso Border Crossing Creeping Queue, Southbound Trucks (All) Figure G.22 JSAD of Drive Cycle—El Paso Border Crossing Creeping Queue, Southbound Trucks (All) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 10±0.5 9±0.5 8±0.5 7±0.5 6±0.5 5±0.5 0.04 0.04 4±0.5 0.14 0.58 0.27 0.06 1.05 3±0.5 0.24 0.16 0.40 0.04 0.10 0.03 0.97 2±0.5 0.80 0.24 0.24 0.62 0.19 0.14 0.08 2.30 1±0.5 4.01 0.92 0.15 0.10 0.54 0.88 1.25 0.47 8.33 0±0.5 64.99 1.48 0.19 0.14 0.16 0.05 4.30 4.11 75.41 -1±0.5 4.04 0.43 0.29 0.08 0.24 0.08 0.06 0.08 5.29 -2±0.5 1.57 0.30 0.11 0.43 0.59 0.57 0.35 0.05 3.98 -3±0.5 0.68 0.59 0.59 0.18 0.04 0.06 0.08 2.22 -4±0.5 0.11 0.08 0.03 0.01 0.23 -5±0.5 0.08 0.06 0.14 -6±0.5 0.01 0.01 0.03 -7±0.5 0.01 0.01 -8±0.5 -9±0.5 -10±0.5 Total 76.67 4.90 2.27 1.66 1.87 1.81 6.12 4.70 100.00 Accel Bin (mph/s) Speed Bin Total (mph) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 10±0.5 9±0.5 8±0.5 7±0.5 6±0.5 5±0.5 0.09 0.09 4±0.5 0.09 0.78 0.26 1.13 3±0.5 0.17 0.09 0.52 0.78 2±0.5 1.04 0.17 0.35 1.47 0.43 3.47 1±0.5 3.90 0.26 0.09 1.39 1.91 2.60 1.73 11.88 0±0.5 62.19 0.26 0.26 0.09 0.43 6.07 69.30 -1±0.5 4.77 0.09 0.09 0.26 0.17 0.17 5.55 -2±0.5 1.21 0.09 0.69 0.78 0.52 0.35 0.17 3.82 -3±0.5 0.69 1.13 0.87 0.26 0.17 0.26 0.35 3.73 -4±0.5 0.09 0.09 -5±0.5 0.09 0.09 0.17 -6±0.5 -7±0.5 -8±0.5 -9±0.5 -10±0.5 Total 74.15 3.04 2.43 2.60 3.47 2.86 3.30 8.15 100.00 Accel Bin (mph/s) Speed Bin Total (mph)

Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling G-16 Figure G.23 JSAD of Data Population—El Paso Border Crossing Stop-and-Go Queue, Southbound Trucks (All) Figure G.24 JSAD of Drive Cycle—El Paso Border Crossing; Stop-and-Go Queue Southbound Trucks (All) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 10±0.5 9±0.5 8±0.5 7±0.5 6±0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 5±0.5 0.00 0.05 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.07 4±0.5 0.19 0.92 0.74 0.44 0.23 0.05 0.00 2.58 3±0.5 0.35 0.13 0.22 0.28 0.33 0.42 0.19 0.04 1.96 2±0.5 0.53 0.17 0.08 0.48 0.56 0.47 0.30 0.08 2.66 1±0.5 1.67 0.36 0.08 0.04 0.35 0.91 1.40 0.56 5.36 0±0.5 53.80 0.62 0.08 0.04 0.31 0.13 10.97 8.20 74.15 -1±0.5 2.04 0.29 0.11 0.12 0.50 0.12 0.23 0.13 3.53 -2±0.5 1.38 0.25 0.17 0.77 1.19 1.17 0.57 0.08 5.58 -3±0.5 0.98 1.00 0.92 0.42 0.10 0.15 0.12 0.02 3.71 -4±0.5 0.07 0.07 0.05 0.03 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.23 -5±0.5 0.03 0.03 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.09 -6±0.5 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.04 -7±0.5 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.02 -8±0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 -9±0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 -10±0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 Total 61.06 3.90 2.48 2.62 3.61 3.44 13.78 9.11 100.00 Accel Bin (mph/s) Speed Bin Total (mph) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 10±0.5 9±0.5 8±0.5 7±0.5 6±0.5 5±0.5 4±0.5 0.87 0.58 1.45 3±0.5 0.58 0.10 0.39 0.39 1.45 2±0.5 1.16 0.58 0.29 0.58 1.16 0.77 4.53 1±0.5 3.85 1.35 0.77 1.16 7.13 0±0.5 53.95 3.08 0.87 0.10 0.19 0.10 13.01 71.29 -1±0.5 3.47 0.67 0.29 0.58 5.01 -2±0.5 2.60 0.39 0.48 0.96 0.87 0.39 5.68 -3±0.5 1.06 0.87 0.58 0.48 2.99 -4±0.5 0.10 0.19 0.10 0.39 -5±0.5 0.10 0.10 -6±0.5 -7±0.5 -8±0.5 -9±0.5 -10±0.5 Total 66.86 8.09 3.08 2.02 2.89 2.50 14.55 100.00 Accel Bin (mph/s) Speed Bin Total (mph)

Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling G-17 Figure G.25 JSAD of Data Population—El Paso Border Crossing Uncongested Links, Southbound Trucks (All) Figure G.26 JSAD of Drive Cycle—El Paso Border Crossing Uncongested Links, Southbound Trucks (All) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 10±0.5 9±0.5 8±0.5 7±0.5 6±0.5 0.00 0.00 5±0.5 0.00 0.08 0.01 0.00 0.09 4±0.5 0.24 1.18 1.02 0.52 0.28 0.06 0.00 3.30 3±0.5 0.43 0.09 0.35 0.45 0.44 0.52 0.28 0.05 2.61 2±0.5 0.44 0.11 0.06 0.85 1.01 0.74 0.34 0.11 3.68 1±0.5 0.68 0.17 0.03 0.02 0.62 1.62 2.40 0.96 6.48 0±0.5 33.44 0.31 0.03 0.03 0.49 0.33 16.36 16.21 67.20 -1±0.5 1.11 0.20 0.10 0.13 0.80 0.16 0.32 0.25 3.06 -2±0.5 1.39 0.20 0.17 1.20 1.84 1.83 0.94 0.12 7.69 -3±0.5 1.39 1.50 1.48 0.62 0.14 0.20 0.16 0.03 5.51 -4±0.5 0.03 0.06 0.04 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.00 0.00 0.20 -5±0.5 0.02 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.08 -6±0.5 0.02 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.00 0.06 -7±0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00 0.01 -8±0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 -9±0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 -10±0.5 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.01 Total 39.18 3.94 3.33 3.88 5.65 5.48 20.82 17.72 100.00 Accel Bin (mph/s) Speed Bin Total (mph) 0-5 5-10 10-15 15-20 20-25 25-30 30-35 35-40 40-45 45-50 50-55 55-60 60-65 65-70 70-75 75-80 10±0.5 9±0.5 8±0.5 7±0.5 6±0.5 5±0.5 0.93 0.93 4±0.5 0.23 0.93 0.69 1.85 3±0.5 0.23 1.16 1.39 2±0.5 0.46 2.78 3.01 6.25 1±0.5 0.93 0.23 0.69 4.63 7.64 3.70 17.82 0±0.5 29.63 0.46 0.46 3.70 17.36 51.62 -1±0.5 0.93 1.16 1.16 1.62 1.16 6.02 -2±0.5 0.69 0.46 0.46 0.93 1.85 1.85 0.69 0.23 7.18 -3±0.5 1.62 1.16 1.16 1.16 0.23 0.69 6.02 -4±0.5 0.23 0.23 0.46 -5±0.5 -6±0.5 0.23 0.23 0.46 -7±0.5 -8±0.5 -9±0.5 -10±0.5 Total 35.19 3.94 3.70 4.86 7.41 8.10 14.35 22.45 100.00 Accel Bin (mph/s) Speed Bin Total (mph)

Guide to Truck Activity Data for Emissions Modeling G-18 G.7 Transferability This case study provides representative drive cycles for a variety of truck-specific conditions. In the lack of project-specific speed trace data, modelers may use one or more of the drive cycles presented in this case study in combination with other locally appropriate MOVES inputs to estimate the potential emission impacts of the project. Note that according to the results presented in Case Study #1, emission rates for the FHWA Advances—on- port scenario and the Houston-Galveston Port Drayage—on port scenario are very similar. This suggests that results for one port setting may be transferable to another setting. However, testing of additional data from other settings is needed to verify this relationship.