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Page 144
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Climate Resilience and Benefit–Cost Analysis: A Handbook for Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25497.
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Page 144
Page 145
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Climate Resilience and Benefit–Cost Analysis: A Handbook for Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25497.
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Page 145
Page 146
Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Climate Resilience and Benefit–Cost Analysis: A Handbook for Airports. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25497.
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Page 146

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144 Abadie, L., et al. Climate Risk Assessment Under Uncertainty: An Application to Main European Coastal Cities. Frontiers in Marine Science, December 2016. Arrow, K. J. et al. How Should Benefits and Costs Be Discounted in an Intergenerational Context? The Views of an Expert Panel. Discussion paper 12-53, Resources for the Future, Washington, D.C., 2012. Atreya, A. and H. Kunreuther. Measuring Community Resilience: The Role of the Community Rating System (CRS). Working Paper, Philadelphia: The Wharton Risk Management and Decision Processes Center, 2016. Baglin, C. ACRP Synthesis of Airport Practice 33: Airport Climate Adaptation and Resilience. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2012. Berry, F., S. Gillhespy, and J. Rogers. ACRP Synthesis of Airport Practice 10: Airport Sustainability Practices. Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2008. Bouwer, L. M. Projections of Future Extreme Weather Losses Under Changes in Climate and Exposure. Risk Analysis, 2013: 915–930. Butler, S. E. and L. J. Kiernan. Estimating the Regional Economic Significance of Airports, DOT/FAA/PP-92-6. U.S. DOT, FAA, 1992. Chang, S. E., T. McDaniels, J. Fox, R. Dhariwal, and H. Longstaff. Toward Disaster-Resilient Cities: Characterizing Resilience of Infrastructure Systems with Expert Judgments. Risk Analysis, 2014: 416–434. Climate Ready Boston. Climate Change and Sea Level Rise Projections for Boston, 2016. Coffel, E. and R. Horton. Climate Change and the Impact of Extreme Temperatures on Aviation. Weather, Climate, and Society, 7, 2015, 94–102. Coffel, E. D., T. R. Thompson, and R. M. Horton. The Impacts of Rising Temperatures on Aircraft Takeoff Performance. Climatic Change, 2017. Collier, B. Small Firms, Big Risk: The Challenge of Natural Disasters and What Can Be Done. BRINK, 2015. Available at http://www.brinknews.com/small-firms-big-risk-the-challenge-of-natural-disasters-and- what-can-be-done/. Czajkowski, J. Moving from Risk Assessment to Risk Reduction: An Economic Perspective on Decision Making in Natural Disasters, in Frontiers of Engineering: Reports on Leading-Edge Engineering from the 2015 Symposium, National Academy of Engineering, 2016. Dewberry, Gresham, Smith and Partners, GCR Inc., and R. Marchi. ACRP Report 147: Climate Change Adaptation Planning: Risk Assessment for Airports. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2015. Dietz, S. et al. Climate Value at Risk of Global Financial Assets. Nature Climate Change, 2016: 6, 676–679. Economist Intelligence Unit. The Cost of Inaction: Recognizing the Value at Risk from Climate Change, 2015. Estrada, F., et al. A Methodology for the Risk Assessment of Climate Variability and Change Under Uncertainty: A Case Study: Coffee Production in Veracruz, Mexico. Climate Change, 2012: 455–479. FAA. Federal Aviation Administration Policy and Final Guidance Regarding Benefit Cost Analysis (BCA) on Air- port Capacity Projects for FAA Decisions on Airport Improvement Program (AIP) Discretionary Grants and Letters of Intent (LOI), 1999a. Available at https://www.faa.gov/airports/resources/publications/?federal_ register_notices/??media/aip_64fr70107.pdf. FAA. Airport Benefit–Cost Analysis Guidance, 1999b. FAA. Order 5100.39A. Airports Capital Improvement Plan, 2000. Available at https://www.faa.gov/document Library/media/Order/order-5100-39A-acip.pdf. FAA. Advisory Circular 150/2500-31C. Airport Emergency Plan, 2009. Available at https://www.faa.gov/ documentLibrary/media/Advisory_Circular/150_5200_31c_consolidated.pdf. FAA. Measuring Benefits and Costs of FAA AIP Projects at Nonprimary Airports, Final Report prepared for FAA-ARP, 2013. References

References 145 FAA. Airport Improvement Program Handbook. National Policy 5100.38D, 2014a. Available at https://www.faa.gov/ airports/aip/aip_handbook/media/AIP-Handbook-Order-5100-38D.pdf. FAA. Advisory Circular 150/5300-13A, Airport Design, 2014b. Available at https://www.faa.gov/document Library/media/Advisory_Circular/150-5300-13A-chg1-interactive-201612.pdf. FAA. Advisory Circular 150/5370-10G. Standards for Specifying Construction of Airports, 2014c. Available at http://www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Advisory_Circular/AC-150-5370-10G-updated-201605.pdf. FAA. Order 5200.11. FAA Airports (ARP) Safety Management System, 2014d. Available at https://www.faa.gov/ documentLibrary/media/Order/order5200_11Consolidated.pdf. FAA. Change 2 to Airport Master Plans, 2015a. Available at https://www.faa.gov/?documentLibrary/media/ Advisory_Circular/150-5070-6B-Change-2-Consolidated.pdf. FAA. Report to Congress, National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems (NPIAS), 2015b. Available at https:// www.faa.gov/airports/planning_capacity/npias/reports/media/NPIAS-Report-2017-2021-Narrative.pdf. FAA. Order 1050.1F. Environmental Impacts: Policies and Procedures, 2015c. Available at https://www.faa.gov/ documentLibrary/media/Order/FAA_Order_1050_1F.pdf. FAA. 1050.1F. Environmental Desk Reference for Airport Actions, 2015d. Available at https://www.faa.gov/ about/office_org/headquarters_offices/apl/environ_policy_guidance/policy/?faa_nepa_order/desk_ref/ media/desk-ref.pdf. FAA. Advisory Circular 150/5320-6F. Airport Pavement Design and Evaluation, 2016a. Available at https:// www.faa.gov/documentLibrary/media/Advisory_Circular/150-5320-6F.pdf. FAA. Economic Values for FAA Investment and Regulatory Decisions: A Guide, 2016b. FAA, Office of Aviation Policy and Plans. Airport Benefit–Cost Analysis Guidance, 1999. GHD, Inc. ACRP Report 69: Asset and Infrastructure Management for Airports—Primer and Guidebook. 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ACRP Report 160: Addressing Significant Weather Impacts on Airports: Quick Start Guide and Toolkit. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2016. Interagency Working Group on Social Cost of Carbon. Social Cost of Carbon for Regulatory Impact Analysis Under Executive Order 12866, 2010. IPCC. Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II, and III to the Fourth Assess- ment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Core Writing Team, Pachauri, R. K. and Reisinger, A. (eds.)]. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, 104 pp., 2007. IPCC. Summary for Policymakers. In Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Work- ing Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change [Stocker, T. F. et al. (eds.)]. Table SPM-2. 2013. Available at http://www.climatechange2013.org/?images/?report/ WG1AR5_SPM_FINAL.pdf. IPCC. Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report. 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146 Climate Resilience and Benefit–Cost Analysis: A Handbook for Airports Larsen, P. H. et al. Estimating Future Costs for Alaska Public Infrastructure at Risk from Climate Change. Global Environmental Change, 2008. Litterman, R. Pricing Climate Change Risk Appropriately. Financial Analysts’ Journal, 2011: 4–10. Marsh Risk Consulting. ACRP Report 74: Application of Enterprise Risk Management at Airports. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2012. Martin-Nagle, R. and A. Klauber. ACRP Synthesis of Airport Practice 66: Lessons Learned from Airport Sustain- ability Plans. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2015. Massport. Boston-Logan International Airport Sustainability Management Plan, 2015. Available at https:// www.massport.com/media/320786/LoganSMP_Report.pdf. Michel-Kerjan, E. Effective Risk Response Needs a Prepared Mindset. Nature, January 22, 2015: 413. Morrow, B. H. Risk Behavior and Risk Communication: Synthesis and Expert Interviews. Miami: NOAA, 2009. Munich Airport: Integrated Report 2015. Flughafen Munchen GmbH, 2015. Available at https://www.munich- airport.com/company-business-260134. Neubauer, K., D. Fleet, and M. Ayres, Jr. ACRP Report 131: A Guidebook for Safety Risk Management at Airports. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2015. Nichol, C. ACRP Synthesis of Airport Practice 1: Innovative Finance and Alternative Sources of Revenue for Airports. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2007. Port Authority of New York and New Jersey. Design Guidelines Climate Resilience, 2015. Available at https://www.panynj.gov/business-opportunities/pdf/...guidelines/climate-resilience.pdf. Price, M. ACRP Report 116: Guidebook for Successfully Assessing and Managing Risks for Airport Capital and Maintenance Projects. 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Climate Resilience and Benefit–Cost Analysis: A Handbook for Airports Get This Book
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TRB’s Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Research Report 199: Climate Resilience and Benefit–Cost Analysis: A Handbook for Airports provides information on how to apply benefit–cost analysis tools and techniques to improve decision making affecting resilience of airport infrastructure projects in response to potential long-term impacts of climate change and extreme weather events.

The handbook is designed to improve the process by which infrastructure investment strategies are evaluated, with an emphasis on ensuring climate-related resiliency.

Procedures for presenting assumptions and results transparently and for implementing the process are also included so that industry users and decision makers can understand and communicate the outcome of the analytical process.

Based on data availability, the analytical methods included in the handbook focus on two specific areas of climate change likely to affect airports (although these methods can, in principle, be used more widely): (1) the potential for extreme flooding events resulting from storm surge and sea level rise near coastal airports, and (2) the potential for rising temperatures that require weight restrictions on aircraft takeoffs (or possibly full flight delays) at airports with shorter runways in warm climates or at high elevations.

The results available from application of the suggested methodologies do not necessarily make the decision of whether to invest in a mitigation project to combat climate change any easier but, rather, provide a full range of potential outcomes and possibilities for airport planners and managers to consider. Using this methodology, airport decision makers can then determine how much risk from uncertain climate change and extreme weather events they are willing or able to accommodate. Implementation of the methods presented in the handbook can be used to obtain essential quantifiable estimates of those risks, which is of particular value to airport financial professionals.

The handbook is accompanied by a set of Microsoft Excel models to support the decision-making process (one for extreme water rise causing potential flooding events, and the other for high temperatures that may affect weight restrictions on aircraft takeoffs), a video tutorial, a report summary document, and an executive briefing to help decision makers understand the process.

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