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Airport Emergency Communications for People with Disabilities and Others with Access and Functional Needs (2019)

Chapter: References and Suggested Reading

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Suggested Citation:"References and Suggested Reading." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Airport Emergency Communications for People with Disabilities and Others with Access and Functional Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25507.
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Suggested Citation:"References and Suggested Reading." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Airport Emergency Communications for People with Disabilities and Others with Access and Functional Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25507.
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Suggested Citation:"References and Suggested Reading." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Airport Emergency Communications for People with Disabilities and Others with Access and Functional Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25507.
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Suggested Citation:"References and Suggested Reading." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. Airport Emergency Communications for People with Disabilities and Others with Access and Functional Needs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25507.
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49 References Accessible Icon Project. n.d.a. Website: ACCESSIBLE ICON PROJECT: Design, Art Direction. Created by asmallpercent for the Accessible Icon Project. Online: http://cargocollective.com/asmallpercent/ ACCESSIBLE-ICON-PROJECT (accessed May 11, 2018). American National Standards Institute (ANSI). 2018. ANSI webstore. Washington, DC. Online: https://webstore. ansi.org/default.aspx (accessed May 11, 2018). Ampetronic. 2016. “What Are Hearing Loops.” Video available on YouTube. Online: https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=pOHBhKu7pO8 (viewed December 3, 2017). Centre for Excellence in Universal Design. 2014. “The 7 Principles.” Webpage on What Is Universal Design Website. Centre for Excellence in Universal Design, National Disability Authority, Dublin, Ireland. Online: http://universaldesign.ie/What-is-Universal-Design/The-7-Principles (accessed May 11, 2018). Department of Justice. 2010. Americans with Disabilities Act Title III Regulations: Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability by Public Accommodations and in Commercial Facilities. Department of Justice, Washington, D.C. Online: https://www.ada.gov/regs2010/titleIII_2010/titleIII_2010_regulations.pdf (accessed August 24, 2018). FAA. n.d.a “Airport Accessibility for People with Disabilities.” Document. Office of Civil Rights, Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, D.C. Online: https://www.faa.gov/about/office_org/headquarters_offices/acr/ eeo_training/past_conferences/airport_civil_rights_training_seventh_national_2016_conference/media/ ADA/ADA_Self_Assessment_Form.pdf (accessed May 11, 2018). FAA. 2010. “Certification Bulletin: Airport Emergency Plan Checklist.” Document. Federal Aviation Administration, Washington, D.C. Online: https://www.faa.gov/airports/great_lakes/airports_resources/ certification_bulletin_archive/media/10-06-attachment.pdf (accessed July 12, 2017). Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). 2015. “Template: Emergency Communication Plans and IPAWS.” Document template. Federal Emergency Management Agency, U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Washington, D.C. Online: https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/1463674830481-16ed0020684 ba8cd263ba88f54a48c95/TemplateEmergencyCommPlans_IPAWS-508_05192016.pdf (accessed May 14, 2018). Harding Jr., J. R.; S. J. Bosch; W. P. Rayfield, Jr.;J. Florie. 2017. ACRP Research Report 177: Enhancing Airport Wayfinding for Aging Travelers and Persons with Disabilities. Transportation Research Board. Washington, D.C. Online: https://www.nap.edu/catalog/24930/enhancing-airport-wayfinding-for-aging-travelers-and- persons-with-disabilities (accessed December 3, 2017). International Organization for Standardization (ISO). 2013. The International Language of ISO Graphical Symbols. Booklet. ISO, Geneva, Switzerland. Online: https://www.iso.org/files/live/sites/isoorg/files/archive/pdf/en/ graphical-symbols_booklet.pdf (accessed May 11, 2018). Johnson, C. R. 2018. “Identifying and Assisting Persons in Need.” Online: https://docs.google.com/ presentation/d/1aI5ku-GZMnxs57O-draJx1UbVkFbXe35n4rvY67-1uc/edit?usp=sharing (accessed May 14, 2018). Loop New Mexico. 2017. “Airports and Hearing Loop Technology.” Online: Online: http://www.hearingloop.org/ Airports%20and%20Hearing%20Loop%20Technology.b.pdf (accessed December 3, 2017). Manualise. 2017. “American Standards Regarding Instructions for Use.” Delft, Germany. Online: https://www. manualise.com/nl/blog/wet-en-regelgeving/ansi-z535-6/ (accessed May 11, 2018). My Safety Labels. 2018. “ISO Prohibited Action Labels.” Brooklyn, NY. Online: https://www.mysafetylabels.com/ iso-prohibited-actions-labels (accessed May 11, 2018). References and Suggested Reading

50 Airport Emergency Communications for People with Disabilities and Others with Access and Functional Needs OTOjOY. 2015. “How Hearing Loops Work: What Is a Hearing Loop and How Does It Work?” Online: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hlnx3ZImTw0 (viewed December 3, 2017). Roe, R. 2010. “Design Standards for Safety Warning Messages in Manuals: Increasing Design Saliency and Adapting for a Broader Range of Professional Communication Settings.” Graduate Theses and Dissertations. 11342. Online: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir= 1&article=2326&context=etd (accessed May 11, 2018). Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1873. GSA Government-wide IT Accessibility Program. Online: https://www.section508.gov/manage/laws-and-policies (accessed September 6, 2018). Smith, J. F., and T. W. Haines. 2018. ACRP Synthesis 90: Integrating ADA in Emergency Exercises. Transpor- tation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Online: http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/177917.aspx (accessed September 6, 2018). Texas Council of Developmental Disabilities. n.d.a. “People First Language.” Online: www.tcdd.texas.gov/ resources/people-first-language (accessed May 10, 2018). U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. 2018. HTML 508 Checklist. Website. Online: https://www.hhs. gov/web/section-508/making-files-accessible/checklist/html/index.html. U.S. Department of Justice Civil Rights Division. 2007. “ADA Best Practices Tool Kit for State and Local Govern- ments: Chapter 3—General Effective Communication Requirements under Title II of the ADA.” Online: https://www.ada.gov/pcatoolkit/chap3toolkit.htm (accessed December 3, 2017). World Wide Web Consortium (W3C). 2018. “Accessibility.” Online: http://www.w3.org/standards/webdesign/ accessibility (accessed May 11, 2018). Suggested Reading Aedo, I., Yu, S., Diaz, P., Acuña, P., and Onorati, T. 2012. “Personalized Alert Notifications and Evacuation Routes in Indoor Environments.” Sensors 12: 7804–7827. Online: Accessed online May 11, 2018. http://www.mdpi. com/1424-8220/12/6/7804 Arditi, A. 2018. “Designing for People with Partial Sight and Color Deficiencies.” New York, NY: Lighthouse International. Online: http://li129-107.members.linode.com/accessibility/design/accessible-print-design/ effective-color-contrast/ (accessed May 11, 2018). Canadian Association of the Deaf–Association des Sourds du Canada and Deaf Wireless Canada Committee. 2016. “Participation by Wireless Service Providers in the National Public Alerting System.” Online: http:// www.deafwireless.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/06/INTERVENTION-CRTC-TNC-2016-115-National- Public-Alerting-System.pdf (accessed May 11, 2018). Civil Aviation Authority. 2016. “CAA Guidance for Airports on Providing Assistance to People with Hidden Disabilities.” West Sussex, UK. Online: http://publicapps.caa.co.uk/docs/33/CAP%201411%20DEC16.pdf (accessed May 11, 2018). Department of Justice. 2016. Americans with Disabilities Act Title II Regulations: Part 35 Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in State and Local Government Services. Online: https://www.ada.gov/regs2010/ titleII_2010/titleII_2010_regulations.htm#a35161 (accessed May 15, 2018). Department of Justice. 2017. Part 36 Nondiscrimination on the Basis of Disability in Public Accommodations and Commercial Facilities. Online: https://www.ada.gov/regs2010/titleIII_2010/titleIII_2010_regulations.htm (accessed May 15, 2018). Ferreira, M. 2016. “Emergency Evacuation from Airports: Rethinking the Standard of Care.” International Airport Review. Online: https://www.internationalairportreview.com/article/25852/emergency-evacuation- airports/ (accessed May 11, 2018). Fraustino, J. D., B. Liu, and Y. Jin. 2012. “Social Media Use during Disasters: A Review of the Knowledge Base and Gaps.” College Park, Md.: National Consortium for the Study of Terrorism and Responses to Terrorism. Online: https://www.start.umd.edu/sites/default/files/files/publications/START_SocialMediaUseduring Disasters_LitReview.pdf (accessed May 11, 2018). International Air Transport Association. 2014. “Crisis Communications and Social Media: A Best Practice Guide to Communicating in an Emergency.” Online: https://www.iata.org/publications/Documents/social-media- crisis-guidelines.pdf (accessed May 11, 2018). Kuligowski, E. D. and H. Omori. 2014. General Guidance on Emergency Communication Strategies for Buildings,” 2d ed. National Institute of Standards and Technology, Washington, D.C. Online: https://nvlpubs.nist.gov/ nistpubs/TechnicalNotes/NIST.TN.1827.pdf (accessed May 11, 2018). Memphis International Airport 2016 Emergency Exercise After-Action Report. The Airport Communications Center (Comm Center). Online: https://media.myfoxmemphiscom.cmgdigital.com/document_dev/ 2017/02/09/MEM%202016%20Emergency%20Exercise%20AAR_7277891_ver1.0.pdf (accessed August 24, 2018).

References and Suggested Reading 51 National Academies of Science, Engineering, and Medicine. 2018. Emergency Alert and Warning Systems: Current Knowledge and Future Research Directions. Washington, DC: National Academies Press. https:// doi.org./10.17226/24935. Smith, J. F., R. E. Garcia, J. M. Sawyer, and K. A. Kenville. 2016. ACRP Synthesis of Airport Practice 72: Tabletop and Full-Scale Emergency Exercises for General Aviation, Non-Hub, and Small Hub Airports. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Online: http://www.trb.org/Publications/Blurbs/174692.aspx (accessed May 15, 2018). University of New Mexico Center for Development and Disability. n.d.a. Tips for First Responders, 5th ed. Online: http://cdd.unm.edu/dhpd/pdfs/FifthEditionTipsSheet.pdf (accessed May 11, 2018).

Next: Appendix A - Inventory Checklists »
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TRB's Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) Research Report 201 provides guidance and tools for airports to aid in effective communication with passengers and persons with disabilities, including those with cultural and language differences.

The report includes a primer that discusses issues, techniques, and the unique requirements and challenges of communicating with people with disabilities and others who have access or functional needs.

The report explores uses of technology and other methods that incorporate ADA considerations and communication challenges with airport stakeholders, and training programs for airport personnel, including templates for development of curricula.

There are case study examples of methods of emergency communication at airports and in other industries, and for universal messaging for emergency communications.

The project that produced the report also produced templates in support of airport emergency plans specifically addressing individuals with limited English proficiency, step-by-step tools that include a needs assessment tool that airports can use to determine what steps must to be taken to comply with ADA requirements concerning communications, and templates/worksheets/checklists for planning tabletop exercises that focus on communicating with people with disabilities and access or functional needs during emergency events. These resources are described and linked to below.

  • The Inventory Checklists (from Appendix A) list plans, reports, documents, programs, and services that are helpful in emergency communications for DAFN. The checklists make it easy to review what the airport has in place, what needs to be developed or updated, etc.
  • The Accessibility Walkthrough Worksheet (from Appendix B) is a tool to structure evaluations (ideally conducted by members of a DAFN Advisory Group, as discussed in the report) that identify and assign accessibility ratings to existing communications modes and resources from curbside through baggage claim, and identify modes or resources that can be added or improved.
  • The FAA Airport Accessibility Checklist (from Appendix C) is reproduced online in PDF for convenience; a url is provided that directs users to the FAA source.
  • The Accessibility Strategy Quick Reference Guide (from Appendix D) summarizes key aspects of core, enhanced, and emerging strategies described in the report.
  • The CONOPS Template (from Appendix F) provides generic text for an Emergency Communications Concept of Operations document that airports can edit to meet their needs and those of the communities they serve.
  • The Disability Equity Training document provides training content, including empathy exercises, from Appendix G in a format that can be adapted and customized for use by practitioners.
  • The 1-Minute Read Poster (from Appendix H) provides a reproducible, one-page reference on how to offer and provide assistance respectfully to people with DAFN.
  • The Outreach Brochure (also from Appendix H) is provided in a separate downloadable file for use and distribution by practitioners.
  • The Exercise Toolkit (from Appendix I), with checklists and materials to support a discussion-based exercise and a full-scale, operational exercise, is reproduced in Word to facilitate adaptation and use by practitioners.
  • The Prepared Scenario Vignettes (from Appendix J), which can be used to lay the foundation of a discussion-based or tabletop exercise.

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