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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. LRFD Minimum Flexural Reinforcement Requirements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25527.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. LRFD Minimum Flexural Reinforcement Requirements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25527.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. LRFD Minimum Flexural Reinforcement Requirements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25527.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. LRFD Minimum Flexural Reinforcement Requirements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25527.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. LRFD Minimum Flexural Reinforcement Requirements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25527.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. LRFD Minimum Flexural Reinforcement Requirements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25527.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2019. LRFD Minimum Flexural Reinforcement Requirements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25527.
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105 Freyermuth, C. L., and B. O. Aalami. 1997. Unified Minimum Flex- ural Reinforcement Requirements for Reinforced and Prestressed Concrete Members. ACI Structural Journal, 94(4), pp. 409–419. Gamble, W. L. 2017. A Minimum Flexural Reinforcement Puzzle. Concrete International, 39(1), pp. 47–49. Gilbertson, C. G., and T. M. Ahlborn. 2004. A Probabilistic Com- parison of Prestress Loss Methods in Prestressed Concrete Beams. PCI Journal, 49(5), pp. 52–69. Hawkins, N. M., and K. Hjorteset. 1992. Minimum Reinforcement Requirements for Concrete Flexural Members. In Applications of Fracture Mechanics to Reinforced Concrete (A. Carpinteri, ed.), Boca Raton, Fla.: CRC Press, pp. 379–412. Hillerborg, A., M. Modeer, and P. Petersson. 1976. Analysis of Crack Formation and Crack Growth in Concrete by Means of Fracture Mechanics and Finite Elements. Cement and Concrete Research, 6(6), pp. 773–781 Hindi, A., R. MacGregor, M. Kreger, and J. Breen.1995. Enhancing Strength and Ductility of Post-Tensioned Segmental Box Girder Bridges. ACI Structural Journal, 92(1), pp. 33–44. Holombo, J., and M. Tadros. 2010. NCHRP Web-Only Document 149: Recommended LRFD Minimum Flexural Reinforcement Require- ments. Washington, D.C.: National Academies Press. Ince, R., A. Arslan, and B. L. Karihaloo. 2003. Lattice Modelling of Size Effect in Concrete Strength. Engineering Fracture Mechanics, 70(16), pp. 2307–2320. Japan Road Association. 2012. Japanese Specifications for Highway Bridges. Tokyo. Japan Society of Civil Engineers. 2010. Standard Specification for Concrete Structures (English translation). Tokyo. Khan, A. A., W. D. Cook, and D. Mitchell. 1996. Tensile Strength of Low, Medium, and High-Strength Concrete at Early Ages. ACI Materials Journal, 93(5), pp. 487–493. Lambotte, H., and L. R. Taerwe. 1990. Deflection and Cracking of High-Strength Concrete Beams and Slabs. ACI Special Publication 121, pp. 109–128. Lash, S. D. 1953. Ultimate Strength and Cracking Resistance of Lightly Reinforced Beams. ACI Journal, 24(6), pp. 573–582. Leonhardt, F. 1964. Prestressed Concrete: Design and Construction, 2nd ed. Translated by C. van Amerongen. Berlin: Wilhelm Ernst & Sohn. Mattock, A. H., J. Yamazaki, and B. T. Kattula. 1971. Comparative Study of Prestressed Concrete Beams, With and Without Bond. ACI Journal, 68(2), pp. 116–125. Megally, S. H., M. Garg, F. Seible, and R. K. Dowell. 2002. Seismic Performance of Precast Segmental Bridge Superstructures. Report No. SSRP–2001/24. La Jolla, Calif.: University of California, San Diego. Megally, S. H., F. Seible, and R. K. Dowell. 2003. Seismic Performance of Precast Segmental Bridges: Segment-to-Segment Joints Subjected to High Flexural Moments and Low Shears. Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute Journal, 48(2), pp. 80–96. Mokhtarzadeh, A., and C. French. 2000. Mechanical Properties of High-Strength Concrete with Consideration for Precast Applica- tions. ACI Structural Journal, 97(2), pp. 136–147. Murray, Y. D., A. Abu-Odeh, and R. Bligh. 2007. Evaluation of LS-DYNA Concrete Material Model 159. Report No. FHWA-HRT-05-063. McLean, Va.: Federal Highway Administration. Musselman, E., M. Fournier, P. McAlpine, and S. Sritharan. 2015. Behavior of Unbonded Post-Tensioning Monostrand Anchorage Systems Under Short Duration, High Amplitude Cyclical Loading. Engineering Structures, 104(December), pp. 116–125. Nebraska Department of Roads. 2016. Bridge Operations, Policies and Procedures. Lincoln. Norwegian Standards Association. 2003. Concrete Structures Design and Detailing Rules. Lysaker: Standards Norway. Ozcebe, G., E. Ugur, and T. Tankut. 1999. Minimum Flexural Reinforce- ment for T-Beams Made of Higher Strength Concrete. Canada Journal of Civil Engineering, 26(5), pp. 525–534. Precast/Prestressed Concrete Institute. 2011. PCI Bridge Design Manual, 3rd ed., 1st release. Chicago, Ill. Rabbat, B., and K. Sowlat. 1987. Testing of Segmental Concrete Girders with External Tendons. PCI Journal, 32(2), pp.86–107. Rao, G. A., I. Vijayanand, and R. Eligehausen. 2008. Studies on Duc- tility and Evaluation of Minimum Flexural Reinforcement in RC Beams. Materials and Structures, 41(4), pp. 759–771. Rashid, M. A., and M. A. Mansur. 2005. Reinforced High-Strength Concrete Beams in Flexure. ACI Structural Journal, 102(3), pp. 462–471. Seguirant, S. J., R. Brice, and B. Khaleghi. 2010. Making Sense of Minimum Flexural Reinforcement Requirements for Reinforced Concrete Member. PCI Journal, 55(3), pp. 64–85. Shin, S., S. K. Ghosh, and J. Moreno. 1989. Flexural Ductility of Ultra- High-Strength Concrete Members. ACI Structural Journal, 86(4), pp. 394–400. Shioya T., M. Iguro, Y. Nojiri, H. Akiayma, and T. Okada. 1989. Shear Strength of Large Reinforced Concrete Beams, Fracture Mechanics: Application to Concrete. SP-118. Detroit, Mich.: American Concrete Institute, pp. 259–279. Steinberg, E. P. 1995. 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Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TDC Transit Development Corporation TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S. DOT United States Department of Transportation

TRA N SPO RTATIO N RESEA RCH BO A RD 500 Fifth Street, N W W ashington, D C 20001 A D D RESS SERV ICE REQ U ESTED ISBN 978-0-309-48057-4 9 7 8 0 3 0 9 4 8 0 5 7 4 9 0 0 0 0 N O N -PR O FIT O R G . U .S. PO STA G E PA ID C O LU M B IA , M D PER M IT N O . 88 LRFD M inim um Flexural Reinforcem ent Requirem ents N CH RP Research Report 906 TRB

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