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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25542.
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G

Acronyms and Abbreviations

21CTP 21st Century Truck Partnership
A ampere
AAR Association of American Railroads
ABI Allied Business Intelligence Research
ABS anti-lock braking system
AC alternating current
ACC American Control Conference
ACEA European Automobile Manufacturers Association
ACEEE American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy
ACT America’s Commercial Transportation Research Company
AEO Annual Energy Outlook
AFDC Alternative Fuels Data Center
Ah amp-hours
ANL Argonne National Laboratory
ARPA-e Advanced Research Projects Agency–Energy
ASIWPCA Association of State and Interstate Water Pollution Control Administrators
ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineering
AT automatic transmission
ATA American Trucking Associations
ATI automatic tire inflation
ATIS automatic tire inflation systems
ATRI American Transportation Research Institute
BAU business-as-usual
BEV battery electric vehicle
BMP best management plan
BSG belt-starter-generator
BTE brake thermal efficiency
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25542.
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BTL biomass-to-liquid
CAA Clean Air Act
CACC cooperative adaptive cruise control
CAD computer-aided design
CAFE corporate average fuel economy
CalHEAT California Hybrid, Efficient and Advanced Truck Research Center
CARB California Air Resources Board
Cdwa wind-averaged drag coefficient
CFD computational fluid dynamics
CGVW combined gross vehicle weight
CH4 methane
CI compression-ignition
CILCC Combined International Local and Commuter Cycle
C-ITS cooperative intelligent transportation systems
CLEERS crosscut lean exhaust emissions reduction simulations
CMU Carnegie Mellon University
CN cetane number
CNG compressed natural gas
CO carbon monoxide
CO2 carbon dioxide
CRC Coordinating Research Council
Crr rolling resistance coefficient
CVT continuously variable transmission
CWA Clean Water Act
DBE double carbon bond equivalent
DC direct current
DDFS direct dual-fuel stratification
DDPP Deep Decarbonization Pathways Project
DEF diesel exhaust fuel
DICE Dynamic Integrated Climate-Economy Model
DME dimethyl ether
DOC diesel oxidation catalyst
DOE Department of Energy
DOT Department of Transportation
DPF diesel particulate filter
EAA European Aluminum Association
EC European Commission
EDF Environmental Defense Fund
EDI Efficient Powertrains, Inc.
EDT electric drive technologies
EERE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy
EESTT Electrochemical Energy Storage Technical Team
EGR exhaust-gas recirculation
EIA Energy Information Administration
EISA Energy Independence and Security Act
EPA Environmental Protection Agency
EPCA Energy Policy and Conservation Act
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25542.
×
EPS electronic power steering
ET Economic Times Auto
EU European Union
FACE Fuels for Advanced Combustion Engines
FAME fatty acid methyl esters
FC fuel cell
FCEV fuel cell electric vehicle
FE fuel efficiency
FHEV full hybrid electric vehicle
FHWA Federal Highway Administration
FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration
FMEP friction mean effective pressure
FTP Federal Test Procedure
FUDS Federal Urban Driving Schedule
GAO Government Accountability Office
GCM Global Climate Model
GDCI gasoline direct-injection compression ignition
GDI gasoline direct fuel injection
GDP gross domestic product
GEM Greenhouse Gas Emissions Model
GHG greenhouse gas
GPS Global Positioning Systems
GVW gross vehicle weight
GVWR gross vehicle weight rating
GWP global warming potential
H2O water
HC hydrocarbon
HCCI homogenous charge compression ignition
HDRD hydrogenation-derived renewable diesel
HEV hybrid-electric vehicle
HHD heavy heavy duty
HHV hydraulic hybrid powertrain vehicle
hp horsepower
HPDI high-pressure direct injection
HVAC heating, ventilation, and air conditioning
IAM Integrated Assessment Model
IC indirect cost
ICCT International Council on Clean Transportation
ICE internal combustion engine
ICM indirect cost multiplier
IEA International Energy Agency
IMA integrated motor assist
i-MMD intelligent multi-mode drive
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
ISG integrated starter/generator
ISO International Organization for Standardization
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25542.
×
ITS intelligent transportation system
IWG Interagency Working Group
kg kilogram
kg/t kilograms per ton
kW kilowatt
kWh kilowatt-hour
L liter
LCA life-cycle assessment
LCD liquid-crystal display
LCFS low-carbon fuel standard
LCO lithium cobalt oxide
LCV longer combination vehicles
LDV light-duty vehicle
LFP lithium iron phosphate
LHD light heavy duty
Li-ion lithium-ion
LiNiMnCoO2 lithium-nickel-manganese-cobalt-oxide
LMO lithium manganese oxide
LNG liquefied natural gas
LRR low rolling resistance
LSFC load-specific fuel consumption
LTC low-temperature control
LTO lithium titanate oxide
m2 meters squared
m2/g meters squared per gram
mAh/g charge per gram
MBRC miles between road calls
MECA Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association
MH mild hybrid
MHD medium heavy duty
MHDV medium- and heavy-duty vehicle
mi miles
MJ megajoule
MMTCO2e metric tons of carbon dioxide equivalent
mpg miles per gallon
mph miles per hour
MRD multi-ring domed
MY model year
NACFE North American Council for Freight Efficiency
NAE National Academy of Engineering
NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement
NAMII National Additive Manufacturing Innovation Institute
NAS National Academy of Sciences
NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration
NASEM National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
NCA nickel-cobalt-aluminum-oxide
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25542.
×
NCM nickel-cobalt-manganese
NEMS National Energy Modeling System
NESCCAF Northeast States Center for a Clean Air Future
NG natural gas
NGV natural gas vehicle
NGWBS next-generation wide-based single
NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration
Ni-Cd nickel-cadmium
NiMH nickel-metal hydride
Nm Newton-meter
NNI National Nanotechnology Initiative
NNMI National Network for Manufacturing Innovation
NO nitric oxide
NO2 nitrogen dioxide
NOx nitrous oxides
NPC National Petroleum Council
NPRM notice of proposed rulemaking
NRC National Research Council
NREL National Renewable Energy Laboratory
NTEA Association for the Work Truck Industry
OBD on-board diagnostics
OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
OEM original equipment manufacturer
OPEC Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries
ORC organic Rankine cycle
ORNL Oak Ridge National Laboratory
OTAQ Office of Transportation and Air Quality
P power
PCCI premixed charge compression-ignition
PEM polymer exchange membrane
Peng engine power demand
PFI port fuel injection
PGM platinum group metal
PHEV plug-in hybrid electric vehicle
PM particulate matter
PM2.5 fine particulate matter
PMI particulate matter index
PPC partially premixed combustion
PS power split
psi pounds per square inch
PSI Power Solutions International
PTO power-take-off
R&D research and development
RCCI reactivity controlled compression ignition
RFS Renewable Fuel Standard
RFS2 Renewable Fuel Standard Program (2)
RGGI Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25542.
×
RIA Regulatory Impact Analysis
RIN Renewable Identification Number
ROI return-on-investment
RON research octane number
RPE retail price equivalent
RPM revolutions per minute
RSW resistance spot welding
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
SCAQMD South Coast Air Quality Management District
SCC social cost of carbon
SCR selective catalytic reduction
SES Stored Energy Solutions
SI spark-ignition
SLM selective laser melting
SOC state of charge
SOT statement of task
SOx sulfur oxides
SS stop-start
ST SuperTruck
STAA Surface Transportation Assistance Act
SwRI Southwest Research Institute
TARDEC Tank Automotive Research Development and Engineering Center
TMC Technology and Maintenance Council
TP tractive power
TPMS tire pressure monitoring system
TTW tank to wheel
TWC three-way catalyst
UPS United Parcel Service of America
USABC United States Automotive Battery Consortium
U.S. DRIVE United States Driving Research and Innovation for Vehicle Efficiency and Energy Sustainability
V volt
V2P vehicle-to-pedestrian
V2V vehicle-to-vehicle
VANET Vehicular Ad-Hoc Network
VIUS Vehicle Inventory and Use Survey
VMT vehicle miles traveled
VOC volatile organic compound
VPD vehicle power demand
VVA variable valve actuation
VVT variable valve timing
W/kg watts per kilogram
WBG wide band gap
WBST wide-base single tire
Wh/kg watt-hours per kilogram
Wh/l watt-hours per liter
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25542.
×
WHR waste-heat recovery
WQA Water Quality Act
WTT well-to-tank
WTW well-to-wheels
WVU West Virginia University
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25542.
×
Page 374
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25542.
×
Page 375
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25542.
×
Page 376
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25542.
×
Page 377
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25542.
×
Page 378
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25542.
×
Page 379
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Acronyms and Abbreviations." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: Final Report. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25542.
×
Page 380
Reducing Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: Final Report Get This Book
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Medium- and heavy-duty trucks, motor coaches, and transit buses - collectively, "medium- and heavy-duty vehicles", or MHDVs - are used in every sector of the economy. The fuel consumption and greenhouse gas emissions of MHDVs have become a focus of legislative and regulatory action in the past few years. This study is a follow-on to the National Research Council's 2010 report, Technologies and Approaches to Reducing the Fuel Consumption of Medium-and Heavy-Duty Vehicles. That report provided a series of findings and recommendations on the development of regulations for reducing fuel consumption of MHDVs.

On September 15, 2011, NHTSA and EPA finalized joint Phase I rules to establish a comprehensive Heavy-Duty National Program to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and fuel consumption for on-road medium- and heavy-duty vehicles. As NHTSA and EPA began working on a second round of standards, the National Academies issued another report, Reducing the Fuel Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emissions of Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Phase Two: First Report, providing recommendations for the Phase II standards. This third and final report focuses on a possible third phase of regulations to be promulgated by these agencies in the next decade.

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