Policy and Planning Issues Roadmap Report (2019)

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ACRP Web-Only Document 39: Policy and Planning Issues Roadmap Report Stephen D. Van Beek Ian Sample Steer Herndon, VA Richard Marchi RFMarchi Aviation Consulting, Inc. Washington, D.C. Final Report for ACRP Project 11-02/Task 33 Submitted September2019 ACKNOWLEDGMENT This work was sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). It was conducted through the Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP), which is administered by the Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA, FMCSA, FRA, FTA, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology, PHMSA, or TDC endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. DISCLAIMER The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research. They are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; or the program sponsors. The information contained in this document was taken directly from the submission of the author(s). This material has not been edited by TRB.

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C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S CRP STAFF FOR ACHRP Web-Only Document 39 Christoper J. Hedges, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Lori L. Sundstrom, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs Marci A. Greenberger, Manager, Airport Cooperative Research Program Theresia H. Schatz, Senior Program Officer Megan Chamberlain, Senior Program Associate Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Natalie Barnes, Associate Director of Publications Jennifer Correro, Assistant Editor ACRP PROJECT 11-02/Task 33 PANEL Field of Special Projects Angela R. Newland, CCI Engineering Services, Fort Myers, FL (Chair) Gregory H. Albjerg, HNTB Corporation, Minneapolis, MN Traci Clark, Allegheny County Airport Authority, West Mifflin, PA James McCluskie, New Orleans Aviation Board, New Orleans, LA Adam Schutzman, Wyoming DOT, Cheyenne, WY Kenneth P. Stevens, University of Westminster, Sante FE, NM Kent Duffy, FAA Liaison Laura Rinaldi McKee, Airlines for America Liaison Christopher J. Oswald, Airports Council International – North America Liaison Marci A. Greenberger, TRB Liaison

Policy and Planning Issues Roadmap Report iv Contents Summary ..................................................................................................................................... v 1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Project Background ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Data Sources and Research Roadmap Process .............................................................. 2 2 Selecting the Strategic Themes, Issues, and Research Ideas ............................................... 4 2.1 Steer Team Research ..................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Literature Review and ACRP Survey ............................................................................... 5 2.3 Airport and Stakeholder Outreach ................................................................................. 6 2.4 Strategic Theme Prioritization and Issue Identification ................................................. 6 3 Strategic Themes ............................................................................................................... 8 3.1 Landside Connectivity .................................................................................................... 8 3.2 Airside and Terminal Planning ..................................................................................... 10 3.3 Air Service Management .............................................................................................. 12 3.4 Airport Business Models .............................................................................................. 13 3.5 Governance and Community Engagement .................................................................. 15 4 10 ACRP Sponsored Research Suggestions ....................................................................... 16 4.1 Landside Connectivity .................................................................................................. 16 4.2 Airside and Terminal Planning ..................................................................................... 17 4.3 Air Service Management .............................................................................................. 17 4.4 Airport Business Models .............................................................................................. 18 4.5 Governance and Community Engagement .................................................................. 18 Appendices A List of Acronyms .............................................................................................................. 21 B Literature Review ............................................................................................................ 22 C Research Ideas Database ................................................................................................. 27

Policy and Planning Issues Roadmap Report v Summary The ACRP 11-02/Task 33, “Research Roadmap on Policy and Planning Issues” is one of a series of research roadmaps commissioned by the Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) to identify important research needs for airports and the stakeholders who work with airports, over the next five years. Through processes of reviewing existing literature and research, extensive industry outreach and work by the project teams, these roadmaps have collected topical research ideas and problem statements that ultimately will lead to applied research projects contributing to the ACRP’s mission of improving practice in the airport industry. Steer Davies Gleave (“Steer”) and RFMarchi Aviation Consulting, Inc., present this Policy and Planning Issues Roadmap, the result of a year-long effort to review policy and planning research and issues in the airport industry. What emerged from our research is a picture of a fast-changing airport industry, one attempting to respond to the passenger growth of the last decade, looking to apply new technologies, business processes, and funding solutions to meet the challenges of growth. These issues and the accompanying research needs identified below provide the ACRP with a strong set of policy and planning research ideas for the next several years. Our effort included discussions with over 25 individual airports and another 30 stakeholders where their comments were inventoried, sorted and classified into current issues and identified research needs. The results are the identification of strategic or high-level themes, accompanying issues, and potential topics for research. Next, existing literature and research were reviewed from a variety of sources, including from the ACRP itself with its extensive collection of past and current projects, as well as research ideas shared on the ACRP IdeaHub; articles and papers produced by academics and other researchers; the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and other government agencies; and airport and aviation trade associations. This Research Roadmap, as well as several others, benefitted from the ACRP’s Thought Leaders Forum held in January 2018. It brought together over two dozen industry leaders who provided the ACRP, and the Research Roadmap project teams, with information that helped to identify issues, add to issues already identified, and inform the research ideas. With the assistance of the 11-02/Task 33 Project Panel, which had two members who participated in the Forum, we aligned our policy and planning issues and incorporated relevant issues and topics from the Forum into this project.1 The high-level themes and preliminary research needs, including from the Forum, were then compared with existing literature and research through a “gap analysis.” After inputs from the Project Panel, we identified five strategic themes for the research roadmap, which are listed below. In addition to the five strategic themes, 14 issues, and over 80 different research ideas were identified as well. 1 For more information see http://www.trb.org/ACRP/EmergingIssues.aspx (accessed January 30, 2019)

Policy and Planning Issues Roadmap Report v The five high-level strategic themes: 1. Landside Connectivity 2. Airside and Terminal Planning 3. Air Service Management 4. Airport Business Models 5. Governance and Community Engagement As part of our project, Steer also produced a graphical depiction of the strategic themes, issues and research ideas. This depiction is available as an on-line application for users, which can be accessed here: https://bit.ly/2WUVhSL. For each strategic theme, the Steer team identified issues as well as research ideas that may develop into ACRP problem statements. In discussions with other Research Roadmap project teams and ACRP staff, we anticipate that there will be some overlap with other Research Roadmap reports given the multi-disciplinary nature of the themes, issues and research ideas presented. We have discussed this issue with the Project Panel and ACRP staff both of which recommended that we not attempt to align our work prior to the issuance of our final report. As part of the Research Roadmap report, we also fulfilled a Project Panel request to provide specific research topics that could be considered, prior to publication, in time for the 2019 review cycle. Ten such ideas are included in Section 4. This Research Roadmap on Policy and Planning issues includes the following: • Research Roadmap Report • Graphical representation of our roadmap (see Appendix B) • Research Ideas Database (see Appendix C) • Instructions for the On-line Application (see Appendix D)