Population Health Science
in the United States
Trends, Evidence, and
Implications for Policy
PROCEEDINGS OF A JOINT SYMPOSIUM
Theresa M. Wizemann, Rapporteur
Roundtable on Population Health Improvement
Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice
Health and Medicine Division
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
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This activity was supported by contracts between the National Academy of Sciences and Aetna Foundation, The California Endowment, Department of Health and Human Services Program Support Center, The East Bay Community Foundation, Health Resources and Services Administration, The Kresge Foundation, New York State Health Foundation, and Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-66965-8
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-66965-0
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25631
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Copyright 2022 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2022. Population health science in the United States: Trends, evidence, and implications for policy: Proceedings of a joint symposium. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25631.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE FOR POPULATION HEALTH SCIENCE IN THE UNITED STATES: TRENDS, EVIDENCE, AND EFFECTIVE POLICY1
ROBERT HUMMER (Co-Chair), Odum Distinguished Professor of Sociology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of North Carolina
SANNE MAGNAN (Co-Chair), Senior Fellow, HealthPartners Institute; Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Minnesota
ALLISON E. AIELLO, Professor of Epidemiology, Social Epidemiology Program Leader, Carolina Population Center; Fellow, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
DAVID KINDIG, Emeritus Professor of Population Health Sciences and Emeritus Vice-Chancellor for Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Population Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison
PAULA LANTZ, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs, Professor of Public Policy, Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan
LOURDES J. RODRÍGUEZ, Director, Center for Place-Based Initiatives, Associate Professor, Department of Population Health, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin
Health and Medicine Division Staff
ALINA BACIU, Roundtable Director
CARLA ALVARADO, Program Officer
KIMANI HAMILTON-WRAY, Senior Program Assistant (through May 2019)
HOPE HARE, Administrative Assistant (until August 2018)
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the symposium, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Joint Symposium rests with the symposium rapporteur and the institution.
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ROUNDTABLE ON POPULATION HEALTH IMPROVEMENT1
SANNE MAGNAN (Co-Chair), Senior Fellow, HealthPartners Institute; Adjunct Assistant Professor, University of Minnesota
JOSHUA M. SHARFSTEIN (Co-Chair), Associate Dean for Public Health Practice and Training, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
PHILIP M. ALBERTI, Senior Director, Health Equity Research and Policy, Association of American Medical Colleges
TERRY ALLAN, Health Commissioner, Cuyahoga County Board of Health
JOHN AUERBACH, Executive Director, Trust for America’s Health
CATHY BAASE, Chair, Board of Directors, Michigan Health Improvement Alliance; Consultant for Health Strategy, The Dow Chemical Company
DEBBIE I. CHANG, Senior Vice President, Policy and Prevention, Nemours
KATHY GERWIG, Vice President, Employee Safety, Health and Wellness and Environmental Stewardship Officer, Kaiser Permanente
MARTHE GOLD, Senior Scholar in Residence, The New York Academy of Medicine
MARC N. GOUREVITCH, Professor and Chair, Department of Population Health, New York University Langone Health
GARTH GRAHAM, President, Aetna Foundation
GARY R. GUNDERSON, Vice President, Faith Health School of Divinity, Wake Forest University and Wake Forest Baptist Health
WAYNE JONAS, Executive Director Integrative Health Programs, H&S Ventures
ROBERT M. KAPLAN, Professor, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University
DAVID A. KINDIG, Emeritus Professor of Population Health Sciences, Emeritus Vice Chancellor for Health Sciences, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin–Madison
SALLY A. KRAFT, Vice President, Population Health, Dartmouth-Hitchcock
PAULA M. LANTZ, Associate Dean for Academic Affairs and Professor of Public Policy, Gerald R. Ford School of Public Policy, University of Michigan
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s forums and roundtables do not issue, review, or approve individual documents. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Joint Symposium rests with the symposium rapporteur and the institution.
MICHELLE LARKIN, Associate Vice President, Associate Chief of Staff, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
THOMAS A. LAVEIST, Dean, School of Public Health & Tropical Medicine, Tulane University
JEFFREY LEVI, Professor, Department of Health Policy & Management, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University
SHARRIE MCINTOSH, Vice President for Programs, New York State Health Foundation
PHYLLIS MEADOWS, Senior Fellow, Health Program, The Kresge Foundation
BOBBY MILSTEIN, Director, ReThink Health
JOSÉ T. MONTERO, Director, Office for State, Tribal, Local and Territorial Support, and Deputy Director, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
MARY PITTMAN, President and Chief Executive Officer, Public Health Institute
PAMELA RUSSO, Senior Program Officer, Robert Wood Johnson Foundation
MYLYNN TUFTE, State Health Officer, Office of the Governor, State of North Dakota
HANH CAO YU, Chief Learning Officer, The California Endowment
Health and Medicine Division Staff
ALINA B. BACIU, Roundtable Director
CARLA ALVARADO, Program Officer
KIMANI HAMILTON-WRAY, Senior Program Assistant (through May 2019)
HOPE HARE, Administrative Assistant (until August 2018)
MISRAK DABI, Financial Associate
ROSE MARIE MARTINEZ, Senior Board Director
Rapporteur
THERESA M. WIZEMANN
Reviewers
This Proceedings of a Joint Symposium was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:
MERLIN CHOWKWANYUN, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University
DENISE DOUGHERTY, AcademyHealth
JEFFREY LEVI, Milken Institute School of Public Health, The George Washington University
LOURDES J. RODRÍGUEZ, Dell Medical School, The University of Texas at Austin
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by HUGH TILSON, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this
proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteur and the National Academies.
Contents
Organization of the Symposium and Proceedings
2 POPULATION HEALTH IN THE UNITED STATES
Recent Trends in Population Health
Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Status Disparities in Health
3 POLICY-RELEVANT EVIDENCE FOR POPULATION HEALTH: PROMISE AND CHALLENGES
Creating Policy-Relevant Evidence
The Imperative to Stay Upstream
Policy Evaluation and the Risk of Unintended Consequences
4 EFFECTIVE POPULATION HEALTH POLICY AND SCIENCE: FINDING COMMON GROUND
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ACA | Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act |
CDC | Centers for Disease Control and Prevention |
CHD | coronary heart disease |
CHIP | Children’s Health Insurance Program |
CMMI | Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation |
CMS | Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services |
HI-5 | Health Impact in 5 Years |
IAPHS | Interdisciplinary Association for Population Health Science |
MOMS | Management of Maternal Smoking program |
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