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Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Analysis of Recent Public Transit Ridership Trends. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25635.
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Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Analysis of Recent Public Transit Ridership Trends. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25635.
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Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Analysis of Recent Public Transit Ridership Trends. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25635.
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Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Analysis of Recent Public Transit Ridership Trends. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25635.
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Suggested Citation:"Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Analysis of Recent Public Transit Ridership Trends. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25635.
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Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

74 Abubey, F. “Community Outraged over MARTA Bus Changes.” WXIA, 2 Aug 2017. www.11alive.com/article/ news/local/community-outraged-over-marta-bus-changes/85-461375365. Altstadt, R. “Major Retailers Continue Selling Paper Tickets as Hop Fastpass Rollout Continues.” TriMet News. 2018. APTA. (a) “Transit and TNC Partnerships.” 2018. https://www.apta.com/research-technical-resources/mobility- innovation-hub/transit-and-tnc-partnerships/. APTA. (b) “Understanding Recent Ridership Changes.” 2018. https://www.apta.com/research-technical- resources/research-reports/understanding-recent-ridership-changes/. Austin, D., and P. Zegras. “Taxicabs as Public Transportation in Boston, Massachusetts.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2277, 2012, pp. 65–74. A. W. “An Inglorious Return to Austin for Uber and Lyft.” The Economist. May 26, 2017. https://www.economist. com/gulliver/2017/05/26/an-inglorious-return-to-austin-for-uber-and-lyft. BaltimoreLink. “Route Comparison Maps: Draft 3 BaltimoreLink System: Fall 2016.” 2016. https://baltimorelink. com/images/library/route_sheets/Route%20Comparison%20Maps.pdf. Becker, J., R. Teal, and R. Mossige. “Metropolitan Transit Agency’s Experience Operating General-Public Demand-Responsive Transit.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2352, 2013, pp. 136–145. Bliss, L. “How Houston’s Bus Network Got Its Groove Back.” CityLab. April 5, 2016. https://www.citylab.com/ transportation/2016/04/how-houstons-bus-network-got-its-groove-back/476784/. Bliss, L. “There’s No Transit But Microtransit for This Sprawling Texas City.” CityLab. Nov 21, 2017. www.citylab. com/transportation/2017/11/a-bus-shunning-texas-towns-big-leap-to-microtransit/546134/. Block-Schachter, D., and J. Attanucci. “Employee Transportation Benefits in High Transit Mode Share Areas: University Case Study.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2046, 2008, pp. 53–60. Boisjoly, G., E. Grisé, M. Maguire, M. P. Veillette, R. Deboosere, E. Berrebi, and A. El-Geneidy. “Invest in the Ride: A 14 Year Longitudinal Analysis of the Determinants of Public Transport Ridership in 25 North American Cities.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 116, Oct 2018, pp. 434–445. Brakewood, C., G. S. Macfarlane, and K. Watkins. “The Impact of Real-Time Information on Bus Ridership in New York City.” Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies 53, April 2015, pp. 59–75. Bregman, S., and K. Watkins. Best Practices for Transportation Agency Use of Social Media. CRC Press. 2013. Brown, A. E. “Car-Less or Car-Free? Socioeconomic and Mobility Differences among Zero-Car Households.” Transport Policy 60, Nov 2017, pp. 152–159. Bueno, P., J. Gomez, J. Peters, and J. Vassallo. “Understanding the Effects of Transit Benefits on Employees’ Travel Behavior: Evidence from the New York–New Jersey Region.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 99, 2017, pp. 1–13. Capital Metro. “Cap Metro Brings Ride-Hailing to Public Transit.” Capital Metro Blog. June 17, 2017. https:// capmetroblog.com/2017/06/07/cap-metro-brings-ride-hailing-to-public-transit/#more-8548. City of Boston. “Four-Week, Dedicated Bus Lane Pilot to Begin Monday, May 7, in Roslindale.” May 1, 2018. https://www.boston.gov/news/four-week-dedicated-bus-lane-pilot-begin-monday-may-7-roslindale. City of Boston. “Permanent Bus Lane to Be Established on Washington Street in Roslindale.” June 7, 2018. https:// www.boston.gov/news/permanent-bus-lane-be-established-washington-street-roslindale. City of Toronto. “King Street Transit Pilot: April Update.” 2018. https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/ 2018/05/985c-KSP_Apr-2018-Dashboard-Update_FINAL.pdf. Bibliography

Bibliography 75 Clewlow, R. “Shared-Use Mobility in the United States: Current Adoption and Potential Impacts on Travel Behavior.” Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., January 2016. Clewlow, R. R., and G. S. Mishra. Disruptive Transportation: The Adoption, Utilization, and Impacts of Ride-Hailing in the United States. UCDavis Institute of Transportation Studies, Davis, CA. 2017. Coogan, M., G. Spitz, T. Adler, N. McGuckin, R. Kuzmyak, and K. Karash. TCRP Research Report 201: Under- standing Changes in Demographics, Preferences, and Markets for Public Transportation. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2018. Correa Barhona, D., K. Xie, and K. Ozbay. “Exploring the Taxi and Uber Demand in New York City: An Empiri- cal Analysis and Spatial Modeling.” Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., January 2017. Davis, J. “VMT Hits Nominal High, Approaches per Capita Mark.” Eno Center for Transportation. July 5, 2018. https://www.enotrans.org/article/vmt-hits-nominal-high-approaches-time-per-capita-mark/. DemandTrans. “Pace Bus Begins Deploying Next-Generation Demand Response/Microtransit Services.” Mass Transit Magazine. Jan 31, 2018. Dill, J., M. Schlossberg, L. Ma, and C. Meyer. “Predicting Transit Ridership at the Stop Level: The Role of Service and Urban Form.” Presented at the Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., Jan 2013. Dong, H., L. Ma, and J. Broach. “Promoting Sustainable Travel Modes for Commute Tours: A Comparison of the Effects of Home and Work Locations and Employer-Provided Incentives.” International Journal of Sustain- able Transportation 10, no. 6, 2016, pp. 485–494. Dovak, P. “The Map for Baltimore’s New Bus System Is Positively Radiant.” Greater Washington. May 15, 2017. Driscoll, R. A., K. R. Lehmann, S. Polzin, and J. Godfrey. “The Effect of Demographic Changes on Transit Ridership Trends.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2672(8), 2018. Dueker, K. J., J. G. Strathman, and M. J. Bianco. TCRP Report 40: Strategies to Attract Auto Users to Public Trans- portation. TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., 1998. Ederer, D., S. Berrebi, C. Diffee, T. Gibbs, and K. Watkins. “Comparing Transit Agency Peer Groups Using Cluster Analysis.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 2673, no. 6, 2019. doi.org/ 10.1177/0361198119852074. Edwards, D., and K. Watkins. “Comparing Fixed-Route and Demand-Responsive Feeder Transit Systems in Real- World Settings.” Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2352, 2013, pp. 128–135. Evans, J. E., and R. H. Pratt, Texas Transportation Institute, Parsons Brinckerhoff Quade & Douglas, Inc., Cambridge Systematics, Inc., J. R. 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76 Analysis of Recent Public Transit Ridership Trends Hendrickson, C. “A Note on Trends in Transit Commuting in the United States Relating to Employment in the Central Business District.” Transportation Research Part A: General 20, no. 1, Jan 1986, pp. 33–37. Hop Fastpass. “Earn Passes and Save as You Ride.” 2018. https://myhopcard.com/home/#/save-as-you-ride. Hymon, S. “Metro Plans to Reimagine and Restructure Its Vast Bus System.” The Source, May 18, 2017. https:// thesource.metro.net/2017/05/18/metro-plans-to-reimagine-and-restructure-its-vast-bus-system/. Iacobucci, J., K. Hovenkotter, and J. Anbinder. “Transit Systems and the Impacts of Shared Mobility.” Disrupting Mobility. Springer International Publishing AG, Jan 5, 2017, pp. 65–76. Kain, J. F., and Liu, Z. “Secrets of Success: Assessing the Large Increases in Transit Ridership Achieved by Houston and San Diego Transit Providers.” Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice 33, no. 7, 1999, pp. 601–624. 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Transit ridership is down across all modes except commuter rail and demand response. Bus ridership is down the most in mid-size cities (populations of 200,000 – 500,000), and, after six years of consecutive decline, it is at its lowest point overall since the 1970s.

The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Research Report 209: Analysis of Recent Public Transit Ridership Trends presents a current snapshot of public transit ridership trends in the U.S. on bus and rail services in urban and suburban areas, focusing on what has changed in the past several years. It also explores and presents strategies that transit agencies are considering and using for all transit modes in response to changes in ridership.

Ten case studies are included to better understand individual strategies transit agencies are using to mitigate ridership losses and increase ridership overall. Seven of the 10 transit agencies investigated in the case studies followed the trend, with ridership increases between 2012 and 2015 followed by steady decreases in ridership. Generally, on-time performance has been improving, although it is not causing transit ridership to increase.

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