Impacts of Policy-Induced Freight Modal Shifts (2019)

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185 3PL Third-party logistics BTS Bureau of Transportation Statistics BTU British Thermal Unit CDTC Capital District Transportation Committee CFS Commodity Flow Survey CMAQ Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program CO Carbon monoxide CO2 Carbon dioxide COB Container on barge COFC Containers on Flat Car CREATE Chicago Region Environmental and Transportation Efficiency (Program) dB Decibels DC Distribution center DOT Department of Transportation EOQ Economic order quantity EST Environmentally Sustainable Transport F F-test FAF Freight Analysis Framework FAF3 Freight Analysis Framework, Version 3 FAST Freight Action Strategy for Seattle-Tacoma FIPS Federal Information Processing Standard Publication 6-4 FTL Full truckload GCD Great circle distance GCT Global Container Terminal GDP Gross domestic product GHG Greenhouse gas HIG Heartland Intermodal Gateway IDI In-depth interview IVC Intrinsic Value of Cargo ITIC Intermodal Transportation and Inventory Cost ITIC-IM ITIC-Intermodal ITIC-ST ITIC-State JIT Just-in-time delivery KCITC Kansas City Intermodal Transportation Corporation LBD Longitudinal Business Database LICA Long Island Contractors Association Log Lik. Log Likelihood LTL Less than truckload Abbreviations

186 Impacts of Policy-Induced Freight Modal Shifts MARAD U.S. Maritime Administration MNL Multinomial logit MPO Metropolitan planning organization MT Metric tons NAFTA North American Free Trade Agreement NOx Nitrogen oxides NS Norfolk Southern Railway NYMTC New York Metropolitan Transportation Council OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development OLS Ordinary Least Squares OOS Out-of-Scope PANYNJ Port Authority of New York and New Jersey PCC Palouse River and Coulee City Railroad PM-2.5 Particulate matter of less than 2.5 microns PM-10 Particulate matter of less than 10 microns P(R) Rail market share P(T) Truck market share PUMS Public Use Microdata Sample RDC Research Data Center RMSE Root Mean Square Error SCTG Standard Classification of Transported Goods STCC Standard Transportation Commodity Code TIGER Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery TOFC Trailer on Flat Car TBTA Triborough Bridge and Tunnel Authority TSLS Two-stage least squares VMT Vehicle miles traveled VOC Volatile organic compound VOT Value of time Wald Wald Chi-Squared Test Watco Watco Companies, Inc. WSDOT Washington State Department of Transportation

Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TDC Transit Development Corporation TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S. DOT United States Department of Transportation

TRA N SPO RTATIO N RESEA RCH BO A RD 500 Fifth Street, N W W ashington, D C 20001 A D D RESS SERV ICE REQ U ESTED N O N -PR O FIT O R G . U .S. PO STA G E PA ID C O LU M B IA , M D PER M IT N O . 88 ISBN 978-0-309-48090-1 9 7 8 0 3 0 9 4 8 0 9 0 1 9 0 0 0 0 Im pacts of Policy-Induced Freight M odal Shifts N CFRP Research Report 40 TRB