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Abbreviations and Acronyms ANSI American National Standards Institute BUG backlight-uplight-glare CCT correlated color temperature cd candela CIE International Commission on Illumination CMF crash modification factor CMS central management system DOE U.S. Department of Energy DOT department of transportation fc footcandle GPS Global Positioning System HID high-intensity discharge HPS high-pressure sodium HSR high surround ratio HUR high uniformity ratio IES Illuminating Engineering Society ITS intelligent transportation system K kelvin kA kiloampere kW-h kilowatt-hour LED light-emitting diode LLD lamp lumen depreciation LMM linear mixed model LPS low-pressure sodium LSR low surround ratio LUR low uniformity ratio MMLR mixed models logistic regression mph miles per hour MTBF mean time between failures NEMA National Electrical Manufacturers Association nm nanometers O&M operations and maintenance PLC powerline carrier SHRP 2 second Strategic Highway Research Program SPD spectral power distribution SR surround ratio SSD stopping sight distance 59Â Â
60ââ Solid-State Roadway Lighting Design SSL solid-state lighting TAC Transportation Association of Canada VA volt-ampere VL visibility level VTTI Virginia Tech Transportation Institute
