Brain Health
ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN
PROCEEDINGS OF A WORKSHOP
Anna Nicholson, Rapporteur
Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice
Health and Medicine Division
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
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This activity was supported by the Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of the Assistant Secretary for Health. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-67261-0
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-67261-9
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25703
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Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Brain health across the life span: Proceedings of a workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25703.
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PLANNING COMMITTEE ON BRAIN HEALTH ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN1
HUDA AKIL, Gardner Quarton Distinguished University Professor of Neuroscience and Psychiatry and Codirector of the Molecular & Behavioral Neuroscience Institute, University of Michigan
B. J. CASEY, Professor of Psychology, Adjunct Professor of Psychology in Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale University
DAMIEN A. FAIR, Associate Professor of Behavioral Neuroscience and Associate Professor of Psychiatry, Oregon Health & Science University
JENNIFER J. MANLY, Professor of Neuropsychology in Neurology at the Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center and the Taub Institute for Research in Aging and Alzheimer’s Disease, Columbia University
BRUCE S. McEWEN, Alfred E. Mirsky Professor, The Rockefeller University
BRUCE L. MILLER, A.W. and Mary Margaret Clausen Distinguished Professor in Neurology, University of California, San Francisco
Health and Medicine Division Staff
KATHLEEN STRATTON, Scholar
ROSE MARIE MARTINEZ, Senior Board Director
ANDREW MERLUZZI, Program Officer
ANNA MARTIN, Administrative Assistant
PAMELA RAMEY-McCRAY, Senior Program Assistant (until October 2019)
MISRAK DABI, Finance Business Partner
Consultant
ANNA NICHOLSON, Science Writer
___________________
1 The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published Proceedings of a Workshop rests with the workshop rapporteur and the institution.
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In Memoriam
This Proceedings of a Workshop is dedicated to Dr. Bruce S. McEwen, who served as a planning committee member for this project. Dr. McEwen’s research transformed our understanding of how the brain changes throughout life, especially with respect to hormones, stress, and resilience. He was an elected member of the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Medicine and a cherished friend to the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine as a whole. He will be dearly missed.
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Reviewers
This Proceedings of a Workshop was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published proceedings as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process.
We thank the following individuals for their review of this proceedings:
Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the content of the proceedings nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this proceedings was overseen by MARTÍN J. SEPÚLVEDA, Claraluzz, LLC. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this proceedings was carried out in accordance with standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the rapporteur and the National Academies.
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Contents
Organization of the Proceedings
2 FUNDAMENTALS OF BRAIN HEALTH AND RESILIENCE
Multiscale Approach for Brain Health
Fundamental Concepts of Brain Health and Resilience
Effect of Circadian Rhythms on Health Across the Life Span
Early Environmental Risk Factors for Mental Health Disorders
Insulin Resistance: A Link in Brain–Body Interactions
Panel Discussion on Brain–Body Interactions
4 BEHAVIORAL AND BIOLOGICAL CONVERGENCE
Neural Correlates of Attention and Cognition
Grand Views and Potholes on the Road to Precision Neuroscience
Panel Discussion on the Way Forward in Measurement and Research
6 BRAIN HEALTH IN THE SOCIAL CONTEXT
From Me to We: How the Brain Forms, Maintains, and Restores Healthy Relationships
Motivation, Cognition, and Decision Making in Everyday Life
Life-Course Causes of Later-Life Inequalities in Brain Health
Panel Discussion on Brain Health in the Social Context
7 BRAIN HEALTH ACROSS THE LIFE SPAN
Early Adversity, Emotional Processing, and the Neural Bases of Psychiatric Illness
The Impact of Early-Life Stress on Neurodevelopment
Brain Network Aging and Health Across the Adult Life Span
Panel Discussion on the Way Forward in Measurement and Research
Boxes, Figures, and Table
BOXES
1-1 Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion Initiatives Related to Brain Health
3-1 Role of the Suprachiasmatic Nucleus in Coordinating Circadian Rhythms
4-1 Connectome-Based Predictive Modeling
4-2 DSM-5 Criteria for Generalized Anxiety Disorder
FIGURES
3-1 Childhood and adolescent sleep characteristics predict later substance abuse
3-2 Vicious cycle of circadian rhythm disruption and neurodegeneration
3-3 Effect of maternal factors on offspring brain development and behavior
4-1 Measuring functional brain connectivity
4-2 Predicting task performance based on functional connectivity patterns
4-3 Change in functional connectivity in patients with generalized anxiety disorder
5-1 Caffeine and food consumption affects large-scale network structure
6-1 Older adults want immediate social and health rewards
6-2 Regional variation in the decline of D2-like receptors with aging
7-2 Model of disrupted development of limbic and cortical regions
7-3 Amygdala hyperactivity reduces developmental plasticity
7-4 Clinical item loadings accord with clinical experience and cross diagnostic boundaries
7-5 Effect of aging on network segregation
TABLE
6-1 Pathways Associated with Loneliness in Human and Animal Models
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ABCD | Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development Study |
ACC | anterior cingulate cortex |
ACE | adverse childhood experience |
ACTH | adrenocorticotropic hormone |
ADHD | attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder |
BMI | body mass index |
CNS | central nervous system |
CTR | control |
DSM-5 | Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition |
ECHO | Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes |
EEG | electroencephalography |
ER | endoplasmic reticulum |
fMRI | functional magnetic resonance imaging |
HHS | Department of Health and Human Services |
HPA | hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal |
IGF1 | insulin-like growth factor 1 |
IL | interleukin |
IL-6 | interleukin-6 |
IQ | intelligence quotient |
MIDUS | Midlife in the United States study |
MRI | magnetic resonance imaging |
NIA | National Institute on Aging |
NIH | National Institutes of Health |
OCD | obsessive–compulsive disorder |
PET | positron emission tomography |
PNC | Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort |
PPARG | peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma |
RDoC | Research Domain Criteria |
REGARDS | Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke |
SAF | Safe American Family |
sCCA | sparse canonical correlation analysis |
SCN | suprachiasmatic nucleus |
SES | socioeconomic status |
SPECT | single-photon emission computed tomography |
STAI | State–Trait Anxiety Inventory |
TPH2 | tryptophan-hydroxylase 2 |
WHICAP | Washington Heights–Inwood Columbia Aging Project |
WSD | Western-style diet |