Sustainable Highway Construction (2019)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

183 Appendix B: SCP Rating Survey Results

184 How to Read TABLE B1: Each SCP surveyed has four participant inputs:  Effort  Human welfare  Environmental benefit  Cost savings From these the impact-to-effort ratio is calculated as: impact-to-effort-ratio human welfare environmental benefit cost savingseffort Salmon highlighted SCPS were not included in the final SCP list (TABLE ) either combined together because they were similar to another or eliminated because they were too generic, did not meet the definition of a SCP or were too specific of an example of a more generic idea. The list of SCPs that were rated comes from the draft list of SCPs (TABLE), which were further edited to achieve the final SCP list (TABLE ). 

185 TABLE B1. SCP Rating Survey Results ID  IMPACT  SCP  Aux Col.  AVG (No Impact=0) 1 Effort (time and cost): Delivery Methods that Allow Contractor Input in the Design Phase Effort (time and cost):  2.7    Impact/Effort Ratio  2 Human Welfare: Delivery Methods that Allow Contractor Input in the Design Phase Human Welfare:  2.0    2.8 3 Environmental Benefit: Delivery Methods that Allow Contractor Input in the Design Phase Environmental Benefit:  2.1    4 Cost Savings: Delivery Methods that Allow Contractor Input in the Design Phase Cost Savings:  3.3    5 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.8      6 Effort (time and cost): Early Inclusion of Sustainability Objectives Effort (time and cost):  1.9    Impact/Effort Ratio  7 Human Welfare: Early Inclusion of Sustainability Objectives Human Welfare:  3.0    4.7 8 Environmental Benefit: Early Inclusion of Sustainability Objectives Environmental Benefit:  3.3    9 Cost Savings: Early Inclusion of Sustainability Objectives Cost Savings:  2.5    10 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  4.7      11 Effort (time and cost): Use the FHWA's "Integrated Approach for Sustainable Construction" Guidance Effort (time and cost):  2.6    Impact/Effort Ratio  12 Human Welfare: Use the FHWA's "Integrated Approach for Sustainable Construction" Guidance Human Welfare:  2.4    2.6 13 Environmental Benefit: Use the FHWA's "Integrated Approach for Sustainable Construction" Guidance Environmental Benefit:  2.6    14 Cost Savings: Use the FHWA's "Integrated Approach for Sustainable Construction" Guidance Cost Savings:  1.7    15 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.6      16 Effort (time and cost): Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Effort (time and cost):  3.1    Impact/Effort Ratio  17 Human Welfare: Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Human Welfare:  1.4    2.1 18 Environmental Benefit: Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Environmental Benefit:  1.9    19 Cost Savings: Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Cost Savings:  3.4    20 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.1      21 Effort (time and cost): Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Effort (time and cost):  3.6    Impact/Effort Ratio  22 Human Welfare: Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Human Welfare:  2.1    1.8 23 Environmental Benefit: Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Environmental Benefit:  1.6    24 Cost Savings: Public-Private Partnership (PPP) Cost Savings:  2.8    25 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  1.8      26 Effort (time and cost): Include Sustainability in Best Value Procurement Effort (time and cost):  2.1    Impact/Effort Ratio  27 Human Welfare: Include Sustainability in Best Value Procurement Human Welfare:  3.1    4.1 28 Environmental Benefit: Include Sustainability in Best Value Procurement Environmental Benefit:  3.5    29 Cost Savings: Include Sustainability in Best Value Procurement Cost Savings:  2.3    30 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  4.1      31 Effort (time and cost): Value Engineering during Procurement, aka Alternative Technical Concept (ATC) Effort (time and cost):  3.1    Impact/Effort Ratio  32 Human Welfare: Value Engineering during Procurement, aka Alternative Technical Concept (ATC) Human Welfare:  2.5    2.8 33 Environmental Benefit: Value Engineering during Procurement, aka Alternative Technical Concept (ATC) Environmental Benefit:  2.7    34 Cost Savings: Value Engineering during Procurement, aka Alternative Technical Concept (ATC) Cost Savings:  3.5    35 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.8                   

186 ID  IMPACT  SCP  Aux Col.  AVG (No Impact=0) 36 Effort (time and cost): Value Engineering during Construction, aka Value Engineering Change Proposals Effort (time and cost):  2.5   Impact/Effort Ratio  37 Human Welfare: Value Engineering during Construction, aka Value Engineering Change Proposals Human Welfare:  1.8   2.7 38 Environmental Benefit: Value Engineering during Construction, aka Value Engineering Change Proposals Environmental Benefit:  1.8   39 Cost Savings: Value Engineering during Construction, aka Value Engineering Change Proposals Cost Savings:  3.0   40 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.7   42 Effort (time and cost): Use a Sustainability Rating System Effort (time and cost):  2.2   Impact/Effort Ratio  43 Human Welfare: Use a Sustainability Rating System Human Welfare:  3.5   3.9 44 Environmental Benefit: Use a Sustainability Rating System Environmental Benefit:  3.5   45 Cost Savings: Use a Sustainability Rating System Cost Savings:  1.4   46 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  3.9   47 Effort (time and cost): Indefinite Delivery/ Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) Effort (time and cost):  2.3   Impact/Effort Ratio  48 Human Welfare: Indefinite Delivery/ Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) Human Welfare:  0.5   0.9 49 Environmental Benefit: Indefinite Delivery/ Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) Environmental Benefit:  0.5   50 Cost Savings: Indefinite Delivery/ Indefinite Quantity (IDIQ) Cost Savings:  1.0   51 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  0.9   52 Effort (time and cost): Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) Effort (time and cost):  2.6   Impact/Effort Ratio  53 Human Welfare: Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) Human Welfare:  1.9   2.0 54 Environmental Benefit: Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) Environmental Benefit:  2.9   55 Cost Savings: Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) Cost Savings:  0.4   56 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.0   57 Effort (time and cost): Schedule Flexibility for Contractor Effort (time and cost):  1.8   Impact/Effort Ratio  58 Human Welfare: Schedule Flexibility for Contractor Human Welfare:  1.7   2.9 59 Environmental Benefit: Schedule Flexibility for Contractor Environmental Benefit:  1.2   60 Cost Savings: Schedule Flexibility for Contractor Cost Savings:  2.3   61 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.9   62 Effort (time and cost): Anti-Idling Policy Effort (time and cost):  1.3   Impact/Effort Ratio  63 Human Welfare: Anti-Idling Policy Human Welfare:  2.7   5.8 64 Environmental Benefit: Anti-Idling Policy Environmental Benefit:  2.9   65 Cost Savings: Anti-Idling Policy Cost Savings:  2.1   66 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  5.8   67 Effort (time and cost): Sustainable Procurement Rules Effort (time and cost):  2.2   Impact/Effort Ratio  68 Human Welfare: Sustainable Procurement Rules Human Welfare:  2.7   3.4 69 Environmental Benefit: Sustainable Procurement Rules Environmental Benefit:  3.1   70 Cost Savings: Sustainable Procurement Rules Cost Savings:  1.7   71 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  3.4  

187 ID  IMPACT  SCP  Aux Col.  AVG (No Impact=0) 72 Effort (time and cost): Accelerated Construction to Minimize Traffic Delays Effort (time and cost):  2.9   Impact/Effort Ratio  73 Human Welfare: Accelerated Construction to Minimize Traffic Delays Human Welfare:  3.2   2.8 74 Environmental Benefit: Accelerated Construction to Minimize Traffic Delays Environmental Benefit:  2.7   75 Cost Savings: Accelerated Construction to Minimize Traffic Delays Cost Savings:  2.2   76 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.8   77 Effort (time and cost): Allow Daytime Work Effort (time and cost):  1.5    Impact/Effort Ratio  78 Human Welfare: Allow Daytime Work Human Welfare:  1.6    3.1 79 Environmental Benefit: Allow Daytime Work Environmental Benefit:  1.1    80 Cost Savings: Allow Daytime Work Cost Savings:  2.2    81 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  3.1    82 Effort (time and cost): Less Traffic Restrictions Effort (time and cost):  1.5   Impact/Effort Ratio  83 Human Welfare: Less Traffic Restrictions Human Welfare:  2.1   3.7 84 Environmental Benefit: Less Traffic Restrictions Environmental Benefit:  1.3   85 Cost Savings: Less Traffic Restrictions Cost Savings:  2.3   86 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  3.7   87 Effort (time and cost): Flexible Work Window Effort (time and cost):  1.9    Impact/Effort Ratio  88 Human Welfare: Flexible Work Window Human Welfare:  1.9    2.9 89 Environmental Benefit: Flexible Work Window Environmental Benefit:  1.4    90 Cost Savings: Flexible Work Window Cost Savings:  2.2    91 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.9    92 Effort (time and cost): Model-Based Estimating (BIM) Effort (time and cost):  2.9   Impact/Effort Ratio  93 Human Welfare: Model-Based Estimating (BIM) Human Welfare:  0.5   1.4 94 Environmental Benefit: Model-Based Estimating (BIM) Environmental Benefit:  0.9   95 Cost Savings: Model-Based Estimating (BIM) Cost Savings:  2.8   96 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  1.4   97 Effort (time and cost): Life Cycle Cost Consideration Effort (time and cost):  3.0   Impact/Effort Ratio  98 Human Welfare: Life Cycle Cost Consideration Human Welfare:  1.6   2.4 99 Environmental Benefit: Life Cycle Cost Consideration Environmental Benefit:  2.1   100 Cost Savings: Life Cycle Cost Consideration Cost Savings:  3.4   101 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.4   102 Effort (time and cost): Enhanced Information Technologies (IT) Effort (time and cost):  2.8   Impact/Effort Ratio  103 Human Welfare: Enhanced Information Technologies (IT) Human Welfare:  1.8   1.8 104 Environmental Benefit: Enhanced Information Technologies (IT) Environmental Benefit:  1.3   105 Cost Savings: Enhanced Information Technologies (IT) Cost Savings:  2.1   106 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  1.8  

188 ID  IMPACT  SCP  Aux Col.  AVG (No Impact=0) 107 Effort (time and cost): Geomatics Effort (time and cost):  2.8   Impact/Effort Ratio  108 Human Welfare: Geomatics Human Welfare:  0.9   1.4 109 Environmental Benefit: Geomatics Environmental Benefit:  0.9   110 Cost Savings: Geomatics Cost Savings:  2.1   111 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  1.4   112 Effort (time and cost): Balanced Cut/Fill Effort (time and cost):  2.0   Impact/Effort Ratio  113 Human Welfare: Balanced Cut/Fill Human Welfare:  1.2   3.8 114 Environmental Benefit: Balanced Cut/Fill Environmental Benefit:  3.2   115 Cost Savings: Balanced Cut/Fill Cost Savings:  3.1   116 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  3.8   117 Effort (time and cost): Trenchless Technologies Effort (time and cost):  2.5   Impact/Effort Ratio  118 Human Welfare: Trenchless Technologies Human Welfare:  1.9   2.8 119 Environmental Benefit: Trenchless Technologies Environmental Benefit:  3.3   120 Cost Savings: Trenchless Technologies Cost Savings:  2.1   121 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.8   122 Effort (time and cost): Ground Improvement Instead of Remove/Replace Effort (time and cost):  2.7   Impact/Effort Ratio  123 Human Welfare: Ground Improvement Instead of Remove/Replace Human Welfare:  1.0   2.1 124 Environmental Benefit: Ground Improvement Instead of Remove/Replace Environmental Benefit:  2.8   125 Cost Savings: Ground Improvement Instead of Remove/Replace Cost Savings:  1.8   126 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.1   127 Effort (time and cost): Economical Aesthetic Wall Design Effort (time and cost):  2.3   Impact/Effort Ratio  128 Human Welfare: Economical Aesthetic Wall Design Human Welfare:  2.9   2.4 129 Environmental Benefit: Economical Aesthetic Wall Design Environmental Benefit:  1.1   130 Cost Savings: Economical Aesthetic Wall Design Cost Savings:  1.5   131 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.4   132 Effort (time and cost): Context-Sensitive Rock Slopes Effort (time and cost):  3.0   Impact/Effort Ratio  133 Human Welfare: Context-Sensitive Rock Slopes Human Welfare:  2.2   1.7 134 Environmental Benefit: Context-Sensitive Rock Slopes Environmental Benefit:  1.8   135 Cost Savings: Context-Sensitive Rock Slopes Cost Savings:  1.1   136 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  1.7   137 Effort (time and cost): Construction Site Aesthetics Effort (time and cost):  2.0   Impact/Effort Ratio  138 Human Welfare: Construction Site Aesthetics Human Welfare:  2.5   2.3 139 Environmental Benefit: Construction Site Aesthetics Environmental Benefit:  0.6   140 Cost Savings: Construction Site Aesthetics Cost Savings:  1.5   141 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.3  

189 ID  IMPACT  SCP  Aux Col.  AVG (No Impact=0) 142 Effort (time and cost): Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) Effort (time and cost):  3.5    Impact/Effort Ratio  143 Human Welfare: Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) Human Welfare:  3.5    2.5 144 Environmental Benefit: Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) Environmental Benefit:  2.7    145 Cost Savings: Accelerated Bridge Construction (ABC) Cost Savings:  2.3    146 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.5      147 Effort (time and cost): Segmental Concrete Effort (time and cost):  3.0    Impact/Effort Ratio  148 Human Welfare: Segmental Concrete Human Welfare:  1.7    2.0 149 Environmental Benefit: Segmental Concrete Environmental Benefit:  1.9    150 Cost Savings: Segmental Concrete Cost Savings:  2.3    151 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.0      152 Effort (time and cost): Geo-Synthetic Reinforced Soil-Integrated Bridge Systems Effort (time and cost):  2.6    Impact/Effort Ratio  153 Human Welfare: Geo-Synthetic Reinforced Soil-Integrated Bridge Systems Human Welfare:  1.6    2.6 154 Environmental Benefit: Geo-Synthetic Reinforced Soil-Integrated Bridge Systems Environmental Benefit:  2.3    155 Cost Savings: Geo-Synthetic Reinforced Soil-Integrated Bridge Systems Cost Savings:  2.8    156 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.6      157 Effort (time and cost): General: Smoothness Specification Effort (time and cost):  2.1    Impact/Effort Ratio  158 Human Welfare: General: Smoothness Specification Human Welfare:  2.4    2.9 159 Environmental Benefit: General: Smoothness Specification Environmental Benefit:  2.1    160 Cost Savings: General: Smoothness Specification Cost Savings:  1.4    161 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.9      162 Effort (time and cost): General: Warranties Effort (time and cost):  2.4    Impact/Effort Ratio  163 Human Welfare: General: Warranties Human Welfare:  1.2    1.7 164 Environmental Benefit: General: Warranties Environmental Benefit:  1.3    165 Cost Savings: General: Warranties Cost Savings:  1.5    166 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  1.7      167 Effort (time and cost): General: On-Site Recycling/Reuse Effort (time and cost):  2.3    Impact/Effort Ratio  168 Human Welfare: General: On-Site Recycling/Reuse Human Welfare:  1.8    3.8 169 Environmental Benefit: General: On-Site Recycling/Reuse Environmental Benefit:  3.9    170 Cost Savings: General: On-Site Recycling/Reuse Cost Savings:  3.0    171 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  3.8      172 Effort (time and cost): Asphalt: Density Effort (time and cost):  1.9    Impact/Effort Ratio  173 Human Welfare: Asphalt: Density Human Welfare:  1.1    2.8 174 Environmental Benefit: Asphalt: Density Environmental Benefit:  1.7    175 Cost Savings: Asphalt: Density Cost Savings:  2.4    176 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.8                          

190 ID  IMPACT  SCP  Aux Col.  AVG (No Impact=0) 177 Effort (time and cost): Asphalt: Longitudinal Joints Effort (time and cost):  1.9    Impact/Effort Ratio  178 Human Welfare: Asphalt: Longitudinal Joints Human Welfare:  1.2    2.4 179 Environmental Benefit: Asphalt: Longitudinal Joints Environmental Benefit:  1.4    180 Cost Savings: Asphalt: Longitudinal Joints Cost Savings:  1.9    181 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.4      182 Effort (time and cost): Asphalt: Eliminate Segregation Effort (time and cost):  2.0    Impact/Effort Ratio  183 Human Welfare: Asphalt: Eliminate Segregation Human Welfare:  1.3    2.3 184 Environmental Benefit: Asphalt: Eliminate Segregation Environmental Benefit:  1.6    185 Cost Savings: Asphalt: Eliminate Segregation Cost Savings:  1.7    186 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.3      187 Effort (time and cost): Asphalt: Eliminate Density Differentials Effort (time and cost):  1.9    Impact/Effort Ratio  188 Human Welfare: Asphalt: Eliminate Density Differentials Human Welfare:  1.0    2.2 189 Environmental Benefit: Asphalt: Eliminate Density Differentials Environmental Benefit:  1.2    190 Cost Savings: Asphalt: Eliminate Density Differentials Cost Savings:  2.0    191 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.2      192 Effort (time and cost): Asphalt: Tack Coat Application Effort (time and cost):  1.6    Impact/Effort Ratio  193 Human Welfare: Asphalt: Tack Coat Application Human Welfare:  0.9    3.0 194 Environmental Benefit: Asphalt: Tack Coat Application Environmental Benefit:  1.6    195 Cost Savings: Asphalt: Tack Coat Application Cost Savings:  2.1    196 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  3.0      197 Effort (time and cost): Concrete: Dowel Alignment Effort (time and cost):  1.3    Impact/Effort Ratio  198 Human Welfare: Concrete: Dowel Alignment Human Welfare:  0.8    2.9 199 Environmental Benefit: Concrete: Dowel Alignment Environmental Benefit:  1.3    200 Cost Savings: Concrete: Dowel Alignment Cost Savings:  1.6    201 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.9      202 Effort (time and cost): Concrete: Use HIPERPAV To Predict Early Age Concrete Behavior Effort (time and cost):  2.0    Impact/Effort Ratio  203 Human Welfare: Concrete: Use HIPERPAV To Predict Early Age Concrete Behavior Human Welfare:  0.9    2.0 204 Environmental Benefit: Concrete: Use HIPERPAV To Predict Early Age Concrete Behavior Environmental Benefit:  1.3    205 Cost Savings: Concrete: Use HIPERPAV To Predict Early Age Concrete Behavior Cost Savings:  1.8    206 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.0      207 Effort (time and cost): Concrete: Non-Potable Water for Concrete Mixtures and Wash Water Effort (time and cost):  1.5    Impact/Effort Ratio  208 Human Welfare: Concrete: Non-Potable Water for Concrete Mixtures and Wash Water Human Welfare:  1.8    4.6 209 Environmental Benefit: Concrete: Non-Potable Water for Concrete Mixtures and Wash Water Environmental Benefit:  3.2    210 Cost Savings: Concrete: Non-Potable Water for Concrete Mixtures and Wash Water Cost Savings:  1.7    211 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  4.6                          

191 ID  IMPACT  SCP  Aux Col.  AVG (No Impact=0) 212 Effort (time and cost): Merge Control Effort (time and cost):  1.9   Impact/Effort Ratio  213 Human Welfare: Merge Control Human Welfare:  3.1   2.6 214 Environmental Benefit: Merge Control Environmental Benefit:  0.7   215 Cost Savings: Merge Control Cost Savings:  1.2   216 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.6   217 Effort (time and cost): Speed Management Effort (time and cost):  1.9   Impact/Effort Ratio  218 Human Welfare: Speed Management Human Welfare:  2.9   2.7 219 Environmental Benefit: Speed Management Environmental Benefit:  1.0   220 Cost Savings: Speed Management Cost Savings:  1.2   221 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.7   222 Effort (time and cost): Driver Information Systems Effort (time and cost):  2.3   Impact/Effort Ratio  223 Human Welfare: Driver Information Systems Human Welfare:  3.4   2.4 224 Environmental Benefit: Driver Information Systems Environmental Benefit:  0.9   225 Cost Savings: Driver Information Systems Cost Savings:  1.1   226 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.4   227 Effort (time and cost): Oversized Load DetectionTechnology Effort (time and cost):  1.6   Impact/Effort Ratio  228 Human Welfare: Oversized Load DetectionTechnology Human Welfare:  1.9   2.3 229 Environmental Benefit: Oversized Load DetectionTechnology Environmental Benefit:  0.5   230 Cost Savings: Oversized Load DetectionTechnology Cost Savings:  1.3   231 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.3   232 Effort (time and cost): Construction Vehicle Entering/Exiting Effort (time and cost):  1.8   Impact/Effort Ratio  233 Human Welfare: Construction Vehicle Entering/Exiting Human Welfare:  2.2   2.3 234 Environmental Benefit: Construction Vehicle Entering/Exiting Environmental Benefit:  0.6   235 Cost Savings: Construction Vehicle Entering/Exiting Cost Savings:  1.4   236 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.3   237 Effort (time and cost): Public Outreach Effort (time and cost):  2.3    Impact/Effort Ratio  238 Human Welfare: Public Outreach Human Welfare:  3.7    2.8 239 Environmental Benefit: Public Outreach Environmental Benefit:  1.1    240 Cost Savings: Public Outreach Cost Savings:  1.7    241 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.8    242 Effort (time and cost): Use of Recycled and Supplementary Materials Effort (time and cost):  2.0   Impact/Effort Ratio  243 Human Welfare: Use of Recycled and Supplementary Materials Human Welfare:  2.2   4.5 244 Environmental Benefit: Use of Recycled and Supplementary Materials Environmental Benefit:  4.2   245 Cost Savings: Use of Recycled and Supplementary Materials Cost Savings:  2.7   246 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  4.5  

192 ID  IMPACT  SCP  Aux Col.  AVG (No Impact=0) 247 Effort (time and cost): Innovative Use of Materials in Construction Effort (time and cost):  2.4    Impact/Effort Ratio  248 Human Welfare: Innovative Use of Materials in Construction Human Welfare:  1.8    3.1 249 Environmental Benefit: Innovative Use of Materials in Construction Environmental Benefit:  3.4    250 Cost Savings: Innovative Use of Materials in Construction Cost Savings:  2.2    251 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  3.1    252 Effort (time and cost): Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) Effort (time and cost):  2.8   Impact/Effort Ratio  253 Human Welfare: Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) Human Welfare:  1.9   2.0 254 Environmental Benefit: Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) Environmental Benefit:  2.8   255 Cost Savings: Environmental Product Declarations (EPDs) Cost Savings:  0.7   256 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.0   257 Effort (time and cost): Sustainable Construction Safety and Health Rating System (SCSH) Effort (time and cost):  2.6   Impact/Effort Ratio  258 Human Welfare: Sustainable Construction Safety and Health Rating System (SCSH) Human Welfare:  3.1   1.9 259 Environmental Benefit: Sustainable Construction Safety and Health Rating System (SCSH) Environmental Benefit:  0.8   260 Cost Savings: Sustainable Construction Safety and Health Rating System (SCSH) Cost Savings:  1.0   261 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  1.9   262 Effort (time and cost): Automated Flagger Assistance Devices (AFAD) Effort (time and cost):  1.7   Impact/Effort Ratio  263 Human Welfare: Automated Flagger Assistance Devices (AFAD) Human Welfare:  3.1   2.7 264 Environmental Benefit: Automated Flagger Assistance Devices (AFAD) Environmental Benefit:  0.2   265 Cost Savings: Automated Flagger Assistance Devices (AFAD) Cost Savings:  1.5   266 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.7   267 Effort (time and cost): Work Zone Intrusion Alerting Systems (WZIA) Technology Effort (time and cost):  2.0   Impact/Effort Ratio  268 Human Welfare: Work Zone Intrusion Alerting Systems (WZIA) Technology Human Welfare:  3.3   2.3 269 Environmental Benefit: Work Zone Intrusion Alerting Systems (WZIA) Technology Environmental Benefit:  0.2   270 Cost Savings: Work Zone Intrusion Alerting Systems (WZIA) Technology Cost Savings:  1.2   271 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.3   272 Effort (time and cost): Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Inspection Effort (time and cost):  2.3   Impact/Effort Ratio  273 Human Welfare: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Inspection Human Welfare:  2.3   2.1 274 Environmental Benefit: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Inspection Environmental Benefit:  1.4   275 Cost Savings: Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Inspection Cost Savings:  1.1   276 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.1   277 Effort (time and cost): DBE, Veteran-Owned Businesses Effort (time and cost):  2.2   Impact/Effort Ratio  278 Human Welfare: DBE, Veteran-Owned Businesses Human Welfare:  2.2   1.1 279 Environmental Benefit: DBE, Veteran-Owned Businesses Environmental Benefit:  0.0   280 Cost Savings: DBE, Veteran-Owned Businesses Cost Savings:  0.2   281 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  1.1  

193 ID  IMPACT  SCP  Aux Col.  AVG (No Impact=0) 282 Effort (time and cost): ARTBA Safety Certification for Transportation Project Professionals Effort (time and cost):  1.9    Impact/Effort Ratio  283 Human Welfare: ARTBA Safety Certification for Transportation Project Professionals Human Welfare:  2.9    2.6 284 Environmental Benefit: ARTBA Safety Certification for Transportation Project Professionals Environmental Benefit:  0.8    285 Cost Savings: ARTBA Safety Certification for Transportation Project Professionals Cost Savings:  1.3    286 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.6    287 Effort (time and cost): Suicide Prevention Programs Effort (time and cost):  2.1    Impact/Effort Ratio  288 Human Welfare: Suicide Prevention Programs Human Welfare:  3.6    2.3 289 Environmental Benefit: Suicide Prevention Programs Environmental Benefit:  0.1    290 Cost Savings: Suicide Prevention Programs Cost Savings:  1.0    291 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.3    292 Effort (time and cost): Contractor Communications Effort (time and cost):  2.3   Impact/Effort Ratio  293 Human Welfare: Contractor Communications Human Welfare:  3.8   2.6 294 Environmental Benefit: Contractor Communications Environmental Benefit:  0.8   295 Cost Savings: Contractor Communications Cost Savings:  1.3   296 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.6   297 Effort (time and cost): Noise Reduction Based on Ecological Impact Effort (time and cost):  2.6   Impact/Effort Ratio  298 Human Welfare: Noise Reduction Based on Ecological Impact Human Welfare:  1.9   2.1 299 Environmental Benefit: Noise Reduction Based on Ecological Impact Environmental Benefit:  3.0   300 Cost Savings: Noise Reduction Based on Ecological Impact Cost Savings:  0.7   301 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.1   302 Effort (time and cost): Backup Alarm Modifications and Alternatives Effort (time and cost):  1.8   Impact/Effort Ratio  303 Human Welfare: Backup Alarm Modifications and Alternatives Human Welfare:  3.4   3.1 304 Environmental Benefit: Backup Alarm Modifications and Alternatives Environmental Benefit:  1.3   305 Cost Savings: Backup Alarm Modifications and Alternatives Cost Savings:  1.1   306 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  3.1   307 Effort (time and cost): Use Computer Models to Predict Construction Noise Effort (time and cost):  2.9   Impact/Effort Ratio  308 Human Welfare: Use Computer Models to Predict Construction Noise Human Welfare:  2.6   1.7 309 Environmental Benefit: Use Computer Models to Predict Construction Noise Environmental Benefit:  1.8   310 Cost Savings: Use Computer Models to Predict Construction Noise Cost Savings:  0.6   311 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  1.7   312 Effort (time and cost): Lighting Plan Effort (time and cost):  1.9   Impact/Effort Ratio  313 Human Welfare: Lighting Plan Human Welfare:  3.2   3.2 314 Environmental Benefit: Lighting Plan Environmental Benefit:  1.7   315 Cost Savings: Lighting Plan Cost Savings:  1.2   316 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  3.2  

194 ID  IMPACT  SCP  Aux Col.  AVG (No Impact=0) 317 Effort (time and cost): Work Zone Glare Reduction Effort (time and cost):  2.2   Impact/Effort Ratio  318 Human Welfare: Work Zone Glare Reduction Human Welfare:  3.3   2.6 319 Environmental Benefit: Work Zone Glare Reduction Environmental Benefit:  1.4   320 Cost Savings: Work Zone Glare Reduction Cost Savings:  1.0   321 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.6   322 Effort (time and cost): Semi-Permanent High-Mast Lighting Effort (time and cost):  2.5   Impact/Effort Ratio  323 Human Welfare: Semi-Permanent High-Mast Lighting Human Welfare:  3.2   2.2 324 Environmental Benefit: Semi-Permanent High-Mast Lighting Environmental Benefit:  1.2   325 Cost Savings: Semi-Permanent High-Mast Lighting Cost Savings:  1.1   326 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.2   327 Effort (time and cost): Constructability Reviews For Projects Effort (time and cost):  2.4   Impact/Effort Ratio  328 Human Welfare: Constructability Reviews For Projects Human Welfare:  1.8   2.9 329 Environmental Benefit: Constructability Reviews For Projects Environmental Benefit:  2.1   330 Cost Savings: Constructability Reviews For Projects Cost Savings:  3.1   331 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.9   332 Effort (time and cost): Design for Deconstruction Effort (time and cost):  2.8   Impact/Effort Ratio  333 Human Welfare: Design for Deconstruction Human Welfare:  1.4   2.1 334 Environmental Benefit: Design for Deconstruction Environmental Benefit:  2.5   335 Cost Savings: Design for Deconstruction Cost Savings:  2.0   336 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.1   337 Effort (time and cost): Adaptive Reuse Effort (time and cost):  3.1   Impact/Effort Ratio  338 Human Welfare: Adaptive Reuse Human Welfare:  2.0   2.5 339 Environmental Benefit: Adaptive Reuse Environmental Benefit:  3.5   340 Cost Savings: Adaptive Reuse Cost Savings:  2.1   341 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.5   342 Effort (time and cost): Deconstruction Effort (time and cost):  3.2   Impact/Effort Ratio  343 Human Welfare: Deconstruction Human Welfare:  1.9   2.1 344 Environmental Benefit: Deconstruction Environmental Benefit:  2.9   345 Cost Savings: Deconstruction Cost Savings:  1.8   346 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.1   347 Effort (time and cost): Quality Management Plan Effort (time and cost):  2.2   Impact/Effort Ratio  348 Human Welfare: Quality Management Plan Human Welfare:  1.2   2.4 349 Environmental Benefit: Quality Management Plan Environmental Benefit:  1.8   350 Cost Savings: Quality Management Plan Cost Savings:  2.4   351 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.4  

195 ID  IMPACT  SCP  Aux Col.  AVG (No Impact=0) 352 Effort (time and cost): Tier 4 Engines Effort (time and cost):  2.3   Impact/Effort Ratio  353 Human Welfare: Tier 4 Engines Human Welfare:  2.7   3.0 354 Environmental Benefit: Tier 4 Engines Environmental Benefit:  3.2   355 Cost Savings: Tier 4 Engines Cost Savings:  1.0   356 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  3.0   357 Effort (time and cost): Alternative Fuels Effort (time and cost):  3.0   Impact/Effort Ratio  358 Human Welfare: Alternative Fuels Human Welfare:  2.6   2.2 359 Environmental Benefit: Alternative Fuels Environmental Benefit:  3.2   360 Cost Savings: Alternative Fuels Cost Savings:  0.9   361 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.2   362 Effort (time and cost): Reduce Noise Effort (time and cost):  1.5   Impact/Effort Ratio  363 Human Welfare: Reduce Noise Human Welfare:  2.9   3.5 364 Environmental Benefit: Reduce Noise Environmental Benefit:  1.8   365 Cost Savings: Reduce Noise Cost Savings:  0.6   366 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  3.5   367 Effort (time and cost): Automated Grade Control Effort (time and cost):  2.0   Impact/Effort Ratio  368 Human Welfare: Automated Grade Control Human Welfare:  0.9   2.3 369 Environmental Benefit: Automated Grade Control Environmental Benefit:  1.6   370 Cost Savings: Automated Grade Control Cost Savings:  2.0   371 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  2.3   372 Effort (time and cost): Incorporating Utility Considerations in Highway Design Effort (time and cost):  2.5   Impact/Effort Ratio  373 Human Welfare: Incorporating Utility Considerations in Highway Design Human Welfare:  2.6   3.0 374 Environmental Benefit: Incorporating Utility Considerations in Highway Design Environmental Benefit:  2.5   375 Cost Savings: Incorporating Utility Considerations in Highway Design Cost Savings:  2.3   376 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  3.0   377 Effort (time and cost): Limit Site Disturbance Effort (time and cost):  2.0    Impact/Effort Ratio  378 Human Welfare: Limit Site Disturbance Human Welfare:  1.6    3.2 379 Environmental Benefit: Limit Site Disturbance Environmental Benefit:  3.4    380 Cost Savings: Limit Site Disturbance Cost Savings:  1.4    381 Impact/Effect Ratio: Impact/Effect Ratio:  3.2