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Suggested Citation:"References and Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Current Practices in the Use of Onboard Technologies to Avoid Transit Bus Incidents and Accidents. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25716.
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Page 56
Page 57
Suggested Citation:"References and Bibliography." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Current Practices in the Use of Onboard Technologies to Avoid Transit Bus Incidents and Accidents. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25716.
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Page 57

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56 Adriano, L. Car Safety Systems Have Potential, but Could Turn Drivers Complacent: Studies. Insurance Business America, Sept. 6, 2017. https://www.insurancebusinessmag.com/us/news/technology/car-safety-systems- have-potential-but-could-turn-drivers-complacent-studies-78094.aspx. Accessed Feb. 8, 2019. Ahmed, S. A. Transit Safety Management and Performance Measurement. Volume 1: Guidebook. U.S. Department of Transportation, Federal Transit Administration, Office of Safety and Security, Washington, D.C. 2011. APTA (American Public Transportation Association). Standard Bus Procurement Guidelines: A Standardized Request for Proposal Contract Form for the Transit Industry. Washington, D.C., 2013. ATU (Amalgamated Transit Union). Workstation Initiative: Safe, Secure and Health. In Transit Journal, Vol. 126, No. 3, 2017a. https://www.atu.org/atu-pdfs/MJ_IT17_web.pdf. ———. 360 Degree Cameras for Transit – Opportunities and Hazards. 2017b. Bartlett, J. S. Forward-Collision Warning with Braking to Become Standard. Consumer Reports, Sept. 11, 2015. https://www.consumerreports.org/cro/cars/why-forward-collision-warning-and-automatic-emergency- braking-ne. Cafiso, S., A. Di Graziano, and G. Pappalardo. In-Vehicle Stereo System for Identification of Traffic Conflicts Between Bus and Pedestrian. Department of Civil Engineering and Architecture, University of Catania, Italy, 2016. Chiarenza, J., M. Dawes, A. K. Epstein, D. Fisher, and K. Welty. Optimizing Large Vehicles for Urban Environments, Advanced Driver Assistance Systems. Report DOT-VNTSC-NACTO-18-02, U.S. DOT Volpe Center, Accident Analysis and Prevention, National Association of City Transportation Officials, New York, 2018. Cicchino, J. B. Effectiveness of Forward Collision Warning and Autonomous Emergency Braking Systems in Reducing Front-to-Rear Crash Rates. Insurance Institute for Highway Safety, Arlington, VA, 2016. CUTR (Center for Urban Transportation Research). Evaluation of Automated Vehicle Technology for Transit, National Center for Transit Research, University of South Florida, Tampa, 2015. Frazier, E. R. Sr., Y. J. Nakanishi, and M. A. Lorimer. NCHRP Report 525: Surface Transportation Security, Volume 14, Security 101: A Physical Security Primer for Transportation Agencies. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2009. Hickman, J. S., and S. Soccolich. Potential Reduction in Large Truck and Bus Fatalities and Injuries Using Lytx’s DriveCam Program: Final Report. Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA, 2014. Krok, A. Daimler’s New Bus Tech Will Automatically Brake for Pedestrians. RoadShow, June 30, 2017. https:// www.cnet.com/roadshow/news/daimlers-new-bus-will-automatically-brake-for-pedestrians/. Accessed Feb. 8, 2019. Litschi, M., and P. Haas. Evaluating the Effectiveness of Video-Based Driver Risk Management Systems on Transit Safety. Presented at the 92nd Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2012. Lutin, J. M., Y. Wang, R. Ke, and S. M. Clancy. Active Safety-Collision Warning Pilot in Washington State: IDEA Program Final Report. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2017. Mobileye, Geotab Technology Tested by Insurance Institute. Automotive Feet, Nov. 6, 2018. https://www.automotive- fleet.com/318725/mobileye-geotab-technology-tested-by-insurance-institute?utm_source=email&utm_ medium=enewsletter&. Accessed Feb. 8, 2019. Nakanishi, Y. J. and W. C. Fleming. TCRP Synthesis 93: Practices to Protect Bus Operators from Passenger Assault. Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C., 2011. National Transit Database (NTD) Annual Database Operating Expense. National Transit Database, Washington, D.C., 2017. https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/2017%20Operating%20Expenses.xlsx. Accessed Jan. 29, 2019. References and Bibliography

References and Bibliography 57 National Transit Database (NTD) Safety Time Series Data. National Transit Database, Washington, D.C., 2018. https://www.transit.dot.gov/sites/fta.dot.gov/files/SSTimeSeries-September%202018-190107.xlsx. Accessed Jan. 29, 2019. Odell and Turnbull. Automated and Connected Vehicle (AV/CV) Test Bed to Improve Transit, Bicycle, and Pedes- trian Safety: Concept of Operations. Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, 2017. SmartCitiesWorld. London Bus Safety Trial Reduces Collisions. London, Nov. 20, 2018. https://www.smartcities world.net/news/news/london-bus-safety-trial-reduces-collisions-3575. Accessed Feb. 8, 2019. Staes, L., J. Godfrey, J. Flynn, and R. Yegidis. TCRP Synthesis of Practice 126: Successful Practices and Training Initiatives to Reduce Accidents and Incidents at Transit Agencies. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2017. TfL (Transport for London) and TRL (Transportation Research Laboratory). Bus Safety Standard. London, October 2018. The New Active Brake Assist 4: Standard on All Touring Coaches from Mercedes-Benz and Setra, New Preventative Brake Assist for City Buses. Automotive World, Aug. 21, 2018. https://www.automotiveworld.com/news- releases/the-new-active-brake-assist-4-standard-on-all-touring-coaches-from-mercedes-benz-and-setra- new-preventive-brake-assist-for-city-buses/. Accessed Feb. 8, 2019. The Use of Forward Collision Avoidance Systems to Prevent and Mitigate Rear-End Crashes. Special Investigation Report NTSB/SIR-15/01 PB2015-104098, National Transportation Safety Board, Washington, D.C., 2015. Thomson, B., I. Matos, and J. Previdi. TCRP Synthesis 123: Onboard Camera Applications for Buses. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., 2016. Zimmer, R. E., M. Burt, G. J. Zink, D. A. Valentine, and W. J. Knox Jr. Transit Safety Retrofit Package Development: Final Report. U. S. Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C., 2014.

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Transit agencies around the country are facing the challenges of reducing transit bus collisions and the injuries, fatalities, and liability expenses associated with these collisions.

The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Synthesis 145: Current Practices in the Use of Onboard Technologies to Avoid Transit Bus Incidents and Accidents documents the current practices in the use of the various onboard technologies on transit buses to prevent incidents and accidents, with a primary objective of determining whether these technologies are effective in actual practice.

The examination shows that many transit agencies are proactively instituting a number of approaches to address these collisions, including the piloting and use of collision avoidance technologies, such as forward collision warning (FCW), emergency braking, lane departure warning (LDW), and electronic stability control (ESC).

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