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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Evaluating the Effects of Recycling Agents on Asphalt Mixtures with High RAS and RAP Binder Ratios. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25749.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Evaluating the Effects of Recycling Agents on Asphalt Mixtures with High RAS and RAP Binder Ratios. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25749.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Evaluating the Effects of Recycling Agents on Asphalt Mixtures with High RAS and RAP Binder Ratios. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25749.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Evaluating the Effects of Recycling Agents on Asphalt Mixtures with High RAS and RAP Binder Ratios. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25749.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Evaluating the Effects of Recycling Agents on Asphalt Mixtures with High RAS and RAP Binder Ratios. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25749.
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Suggested Citation:"References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Evaluating the Effects of Recycling Agents on Asphalt Mixtures with High RAS and RAP Binder Ratios. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25749.
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151 AASHTO (2008). Mechanistic-Empirical Pavement Design Guide, and Empirical Pavement Design Guide: A Manual of Practice. Interim Edition, July 2008. Alavi, M.Z., E.Y. Hajj, N.E. Morian, and P.E. Sebaaly (2013). “Low Temperature Characterization of Asphalt Mixtures by Measuring Visco-Elastic Properties under Thermal Loading,” ISCORD 2013: Proceedings of International Symposium on Cold Regions Development, American Society of Civil Engineering, pp. 404–415. Alavi, M.Z., and E.Y. Hajj (2014). “Effect of Cooling Rate on the Thermo-Volumetric, Thermo-Viscoelastic, and Fracture Properties of Asphalt Mixtures.” 12th ISAP Conference on Asphalt Pavement, International Society for Asphalt Pavements, Raleigh, NC (June). Alavi, M. Z., Y. He, J. Harvey, and D. Jones (2015). Evaluation of the Combined Effects of Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement (RAP), Reclaimed Asphalt Shingles (RAS), and Different Virgin Binder Sources on the Performance of Blended Binders for Mixes with Higher Percentages of RAP and RAS. Publication UCPRC-RR-2015-06, National Center for Sustainable Transportation and California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, CA, 45P. Alavi, M.Z., N.E. Morian, E.Y. Hajj, and P.E. Sebaaly (2015). “Influence of Asphalt Binder Oxidative Aging on Critical Thermal Cracking Characteristics of Asphalt Mixtures,” Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, Vol. 84, pp. 115–142. Ali, H. (2015). Long-Term Aging of Recycled Binders. Florida Department of Transportation, Tallahassee, FL. Al-Qadi, I.L., H. Ozer, J. Lambros, A. El Khatib, P. Singhvi, T. Khan, J. Rivera-Perez, and B. Doll (2015). Testing Protocols to Ensure Performance of High Asphalt Binder Replacement Mixes Using RAP and RAS. Report No. FHWA-ICT-15-017, Illinois Center for Transportation, Urbana, IL (December) 80 pp. Anderson, D., Y. Hir, M. Marasteanu, J.-P. Planche, D. Martin, and G. Gauthier. (2001). Evaluation of Fatigue Criteria for Asphalt Binders. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1766, TRB, National Research Council, Washington, D.C., pp.48–56. Anderson, R.M., G.N. King, D.I. Hanson, and P.B. Blankenship (2011). Evaluation of the Relationship between Asphalt Binder Properties and Non-Load Related Cracking. Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, Vol. 80, pp. 615–649. Arámbula-Mercado, E., A. Epps Martin, and F. Kaseer (2018). “Case Study on Balancing Mixtures with High Recycled Materials Contents,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Advances in Materials and Pavement Performance Prediction (AM3P), Doha, Qatar, April 16–18. Arámbula-Mercado, E., F. Kaseer, A. Epps Martin, F. Yin, and L. Garcia Cucalon (2018) “Evaluation of Recycling Agent Dosage Selection and Incorporation Methods for Asphalt Mixtures with High RAP and RAS Contents,” Construction and Building Materials 158, 432–442, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2017.10.024. ASTM (2018). “Determining Thermal Cracking Properties of Asphalt Mixtures through Measurement of Ther- mally Induced Stress and Strain,” https://www.astm.org/DATABASE.CART/WORKITEMS/WK60626.htm, ASTM International WK60626, Last Accessed on August 27, 2018. Blankenship, P.B., and A. Zeinali (2016). “Evaluation of the DC(t) Test in Discerning the Variations in Cracking Properties of Asphalt Mixtures.” Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, Vol. 85. Boysen, R. B., and J.F. Schabron (2013). “The Automated Asphaltene Determinator Coupled with Saturates, Aromatics, and Resins Separation for Petroleum Residua Characterization” Energy and Fuels, Vol. 27, No. 8, pp. 4654–4661, (August), http://www.pubs.acs.org/doi/abs/10.1021/ef400952b. (As of August 30, 2018). Boysen, R., and J. Schabron (2015). “Automated HPLC SAR-AD Separation: Fundamental Properties of Asphalts and Modified Asphalts III Product: FP 01.” Western Research Institute, Laramie, WY, 13 p (March), Technical White Paper. References

152 Evaluating the Effects of Recycling Agents on Asphalt Mixtures with High RAS and RAP Binder Ratios Branthaver, J. F., J. C. Petersen, R. E. Robertson, J. J. Duvall, S. S. Kim, P. M. Harnsberger, T. Mill, E. K. Ensley, F. A. Barbour, and J. F. Schabron (1993). SHRP-A-368 Report: Binder Characterization and Evaluation Volume 2: Chemistry. National Research Council, Washington, D.C. Brown, E. R., P. S. Kandhal, F. L. Roberts, Y. R. Kim, D. Lee, and T. W. Kennedy (2009). Hot Mix Asphalt Materials, Mixtures Design, and Construction, NAPA Research and Education Foundation, Langham, Maryland. Carvajal Munoz, J. S., F. Kaseer, E. Arambula, and A. Epps Martin (2015). Use of the Resilient Modulus Test to Characterize Asphalt Mixtures with Recycled Materials and Recycling Agents. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No.2506, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., pp. 45–53 http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/2506-05. Cooper, S., L. Mohammad, M. Elseifi, and M. Medeiros. (2015). Effect of Recycling Agents on the Laboratory Performance of Asphalt Mixtures Containing Recycled Asphalt Shingles. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2506, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C., pp. 54–61. Copeland, A. (2011). Reclaimed Asphalt Pavement in Asphalt Mixtures: State of the Practice, Report No. FHWA- HRT-11-021, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC. D’Angelo, J. A., R. Dongrê, and A. Copeland. (2011). Evaluation of the Extent of Asphalt Blending in RAP Mixes, Proceedings of the 56th Annual Conference of the Canadian Technical Asphalt Association (CTAA), Quebec City, Quebec, 2011, pp. 289–308. Elwardany, M.D., F.Y. Rad, C. Castorena, and Y.R. Kim (2016). “Evaluation of Asphalt Mixture Laboratory Long-Term Aging Methods for Performance Testing and Prediction.” Journal of the Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, Vol. 85. Epps Martin, A., E. Arambula, F. Yin, L. Garcia Cucalon, A. Chowdhury, R. Lytton, J. Epps, C. Estakhri, and E. S. Park (2014). NCHRP Report 763: Evaluation of the Moisture Susceptibility of WMA Technologies, Trans- portation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C. Epps Martin, A., F. Zhou, E. Arambula, E. S. Park, A. Chowdhury, F. Kaseer, J. Carvajal, A. Rose, E. Hajj, J. Daniel, and C. Glover (2015). NCHRP 09–58, The Effects of Recycling Agents on Asphalt Mixtures with High RAS and RAP Binder Ratios, Interim Report. National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Washington, D.C. Epps Martin, A., E. Arambula, F. Kaseer, L. Garcia Cucalon, F. Yin, A. Chowdhury, J. Epps, C. Glover, E. Hajj, N. Morian, S. Pournoman, J. Daniel, R. Rahbar-Rastegar and G. King (2017). NCHRP 09–58, “The Effects of Recycling Agents on Asphalt Mixtures with High RAS and RAP Binder Ratios,” Revised Interim Report, National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Washington, D.C. Espinoza-Luque, A. F., I. L. Al-Qadi, and H. Ozer (2018). “Optimizing rejuvenator content in asphalt concrete to enhance its durability.” Construction and Building Materials, Vol. 179, pp. 642–648. FHWA (1993). A Study of the Use of Recycled Paving Materials: A Report to Congress, Report No. FHWA- RD-93-147, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, DC. Garcia Cucalon, L., G. King, F. Kaseer, E. Arámbula-Mercado, A. Epps Martin, T. F. Turner, and C. J. Glover (2017). “Compatibility of Recycled Binder Blends with Recycling Agents: Rheological and Physicochemical Evaluation of Rejuvenation and Aging Processes,” Industrial Engineering and Chemistry Research 56 (29), 8375-8384, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.iecr.7b01657. Garcia Cucalon, L., F. Kaseer, E. Arámbula-Mercado, A. Epps Martin, N. Morian, S. Pournoman, and E. Hajj (2018). “The Crossover Temperature: Significance and Application towards Engineering Balanced Recycled Binder Blends.” Road Materials and Pavement Design, DOI: 10.1080/14680629.2018.1447504. Gauthier, G. and D. A. Anderson (2006). “Fracture mechanics and asphalt binders,” Journal of Road Materials and Pavement Design, Vol. 7, Supplement 1. Glover, C. J., R. R. Davison, C. H. Domke, Y. Ruan, P. Juristyarini, D. B. Knorr, and S. H. Jung (2015). Development of a New Method for Assessing Asphalt Binder Durability with Field Validation, Texas A&M Transportation Institute, College Station, TX, 334 p. Haghshenas, H., H. Nabizadeh, Y.-R. Kim, and K. Santosh (2016). Research on High-RAP Asphalt Mixtures with Rejuvenators and WMA Additives. Report No. SPR-P1(15) M016, Nebraska Department of Roads, Lincoln, NE, 66 p. Hajj, E.Y., M.I. Souliman, M.Z. Alavi, and L.G.L. Salazar (2013). Influence of Hydrogreen Bioasphalt on Visco- elastic Properties of Reclaimed Asphalt Mixtures. In Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Trans- portation Research Board, No. 2371, Transportation Research Board of the National Academies, Washington, D.C, pp. 13–22. Hajj, E.Y., M.Z. Alavi, N.E. Morian, and P.E. Sebaaly (2013). “Effect of Select Warm-Mix Additives on Thermo- Viscoelastic Properties of Asphalt Mixtures.” Journal of Road Material and Pavement Design, Vol. 14, Special Issue: EATA 2013, pp. 175–186. Hajj, E.Y., N. Morian, and M. Z. Alavi (2016). Comprehensive Analysis of Thermal Cracking in Asphalt Pave- ments. TRB Webinar, Transportation Research Board, Washington D.C, http://www.trb.org/Main/Blurbs/ 173889.aspx.

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154 Evaluating the Effects of Recycling Agents on Asphalt Mixtures with High RAS and RAP Binder Ratios Mensching, D. J., Daniel, J. S., Bennert, T., Medeiros Jr., M. S., Elwardany, M. D., Mogawer, W., Hajj, E. Y., and Alavi, M. Z. (2014). “Low Temperature Properties of Plant-Produced RAP Mixtures in the Northeast,” Road Materials and Pavement Design, Vol. 15, Supplement 1, Special Issue: 89th Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists, pp. 1–27. Mensching, D. J., G. M. Rowe, J. S. Daniel, and T. Bennert (2015). Exploring Low Temperature Performance in Black Space. Road Materials and Pavement Design, Vol. 16, Supplement 2. Mensching D.J., G.M. Rowe, J.S. Daniel (2016). “A Mixture-Based Black Space Parameter for Low Tempera- ture Performance of Hot Mix Asphalt,” Journal of Road Materials and Pavement Design, 91st Association of Asphalt Paving Technologists’ Annual Meeting Special Issue. Mensching, D., C. Jacques, and J.S. 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More than 90 percent of highways and roads in the United States are built using hot-mix asphalt (HMA) or warm-mix asphalt (WMA) mixtures, and these mixtures now recycle more than 99 percent of some 76.2 million tons of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and about 1 million tons of recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) each year. Cost savings in 2017 totaled approximately $2.2 billion with these recycled materials replacing virgin materials.

The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program'sNCHRP Research Report 927: Evaluating the Effects of Recycling Agents on Asphalt Mixtures with High RAS and RAP Binder Ratios presents an evaluation of how commercially available recycling agents affect the performance of asphalt mixtures incorporating RAP and RAS at high recycled binder ratios.

A revised Appendix I (the draft AASHTO Standard Practice) replaces some of the material originally published in the report.

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