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Integrating Tribal Expertise into Processes to Identify, Evaluate, and Record Cultural Resources ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Summary ....................................................................................................................................................... i List of Figures ............................................................................................................................................. iii List of Acronyms and Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... iii 1.0 Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Research Objective .......................................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Project Approach ........................................................................................................................... 3 2.1 Project Tasks .................................................................................................................................... 4 3.0 Background Research and Literature Review ............................................................................ 6 4.0 Results of Online Survey ............................................................................................................... 7 4.1 Introduction ...................................................................................................................................... 7 4.2 Summary of Online Survey Results ................................................................................................. 7 4.2.1 State DOTS and FHWA Division Offices ....................................................................................... 7 4.2.2 Tribes ............................................................................................................................................. 12 5.0 Results of Interviews .................................................................................................................... 16 5.1 Interview Observations .................................................................................................................. 16 5.1.1 State DOTs ..................................................................................................................................... 16 5.1.2 Tribes ............................................................................................................................................. 21 6.0 Effective Practices for Integrating Tribal Expertise into the Section 106 Process ................ 24 6.1 Establishing Protocols .................................................................................................................... 24 6.2 Identification and Evaluation ......................................................................................................... 25 6.3 Resolution of Adverse Effects ....................................................................................................... 25 6.4 Providing Feedback ....................................................................................................................... 25 7.0 Effective Practices for Integrating Tribal Expertise During Early Planning ......................... 26 8.0 Closing the Gap: Thoughts for Future Study ............................................................................ 28 8.1 Overcoming Challenges ................................................................................................................. 28 9.0 Bibliography ................................................................................................................................. 30 Appendix A: Online Survey Response Data ......................................................................................... A-1 Appendix B: Interview Response Data ................................................................................................. B-1 State DOTs ............................................................................................................................................ B-1 Tribal Responses .................................................................................................................................. B-18 Federal Agency Response .................................................................................................................... B-22 Endnotes .................................................................................................................................................. E-1
Integrating Tribal Expertise into Processes to Identify, Evaluate, and Record Cultural Resources iii LIST OF FIGURES 1. Geographical Representation, Respondents from State DOTs and FHWA Division Offices .............. 11 2. Geographical Representation, Tribal Respondents .............................................................................. 15 LIST OF ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS AASHTO American Association of State Highway GAO Government Accountability Office and Transportation Officials MOU Memorandum of Understanding ABE80 Transportation and Research Board (TRB) NAGPRA Native American Graves Protection and Tribal Issues in Transportation Committee Repatriation Act ACHP Advisory Council On Historic Preservation NATHPO National Association of Tribal Historic ANSCA Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act Preservation Offices ARPA Archaeological Resources Protection Act NEPA National Environmental Policy Act ARPA Archaeological Resources Protection Act NHPA National Historic Preservation Act AWP Amplified Work Plan PA Programmatic Agreement BOEM Bureau of Ocean Management PEL Planning and Environmental Linkage CBPR Community-Based Participatory Research PNS Project Notification System CE Categorical Exclusion SHPO State Historic Preservation Office CPA Consultation Protocol Agreement SME Subject Matter Expert CRM Cultural Resource Management STIP Statewide Transportation Improvement Plan DCP Data Collection Plan TCC Tribal Consultation Committee DOT Department of Transportation TCP Traditional Cultural Property EA Environmental Assessment TCS Traditional Cultural Specialist EIS Environmental Impact Statement THPO Tribal Historic Preservation Office FHWA Federal Highway TRB Transportation Research Board FPO Federal Preservation Officer
