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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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Necessity, Use, and Care of

Laboratory Dogs

at the U.S. Department of
Veterans Affairs

Committee on Assessment of the Use and Care of Dogs in Biomedical Research
Funded by or Conducted at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

Institute for Laboratory Animal Research

Division on Earth and Life Studies

Board on Health Sciences Policy

Health and Medicine Division

A Consensus Study Report of

images

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
×

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001

This activity was supported by Contract No. 36C24E18C0058 with the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any organization or agency that provided support for the project.

International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-67641-0
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-67641-X
Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25772

Additional copies of this publication are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu.

Copyright 2020 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.

Printed in the United States of America

Suggested Citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, use, and care of laboratory dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25772.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
×

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The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. John L. Anderson is president.

The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president.

The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine.

Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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Image

Consensus Study Reports published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on the study’s statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and the committee’s deliberations. Each report has been subjected to a rigorous and independent peer-review process, and it represents the position of the National Academies on the statement of task.

Proceedings published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies.

For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit www.nationalacademies.org/about/whatwedo.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
×

COMMITTEE ON ASSESSMENT OF THE USE AND CARE OF DOGS IN BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH FUNDED BY OR CONDUCTED AT THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS

RHONDA CORNUM (Chair), TechWerks, Paris, KY

W. RON DEHAVEN (Vice Chair), DeHaven Veterinary Solutions, LLC, El Dorado Hills, CA

DONNA K. ARNETT, University of Kentucky, Lexington

WARREN CASEY, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Durham, NC

CHRIS GREEN, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA

JOAN C. HENDRICKS, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (Emerita)

KATHRIN HERRMANN, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD (until June 2019)

JONATHAN KIMMELMAN, McGill University, Montreal, QC

LEWIS B. KINTER, GLP Scientific Consulting, Kennett Square, PA

SARAH L. LATHROP, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque

NANCY FIGLER MARKS, The University of Iowa, Iowa City

CHRISTIAN E. NEWCOMER, Independent Consultant, Brookeville, MD

WILLIAM Z. POTTER, Independent Consultant, Philadelphia, PA

DAVID M. POWELL, Saint Louis Zoo, Saint Louis, MO

MARGARET (MIMI) FOSTER RILEY, University of Virginia, Charlottesville

RODNEY A. WHITE, Long Beach MemorialCare Heart & Vascular Institute, Long Beach, CA

Staff

REBECCA A. ENGLISH, Study Director, Board on Health Sciences Policy (from June 2019)

LIDA ANESTIDOU, Study Director, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (until May 2019)

CAMILLA YANDOC ABLES, Senior Program Officer, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources

JENNA BRISCOE, Research Associate, Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources

ALEX REPACE, Senior Program Assistant, Board on Health Sciences Policy (from November 2019)

KEIONA JONES, Senior Program Assistant, Institute for Laboratory Animal Research (until August 2019)

Science Writer and Editor

CAROL BERKOWER

ROBERT POOL

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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Reviewers

This Consensus Study Report was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published report as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process.

We thank the following individuals for their review of this report:

___________________

1 National Academy of Medicine.

Page viii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations of this report nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this report was overseen by STEVE BARTHOLD, NAM, University of California, Davis, and ELI ADASHI, NAM, Brown University. They were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with the standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the authoring committee and the National Academies.

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
×

Preface

This Consensus Study Report represents the culmination of almost 2 years of hard work and dedication of an exceptionally diverse committee of professionals, including industry and academic scientists, physicians, veterinarians, lawyers, and bioethicists. Initially we thought it would be fairly straightforward to answer the primary question, “whether dogs are or will continue to be necessary for any type of biomedical research directly related to the VA’s [U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs’] mission.” We heard from panels of experts and individual experts, conducted independent data analysis, and were addressed by the senior leadership of the VA’s research program. Committee subgroups also visited two VA research facilities. Based on those collective experiences, we initially believed that it would be possible to reach conclusions and make recommendations that all members of the committee could support.

What we all learned is that while facts are always facts, the emphasis that each individual places on each fact and the interpretation of a collection of facts leading to conclusions were widely disparate within this group. The differences seemed dependent on the discipline, each committee member’s personal and professional experiences and values, the prevailing attitude of the member’s usual constituency, and other, undefined factors. Despite sincere efforts by all to reach consensus, it was not possible. We believe the readers of this report will recognize the intellectual and professional honesty that went into both the majority and the minority conclusions and recommendations.

We want to thank all of the committee members and the experts who generously gave their time and expertise. Additionally, we wish to thank the entire staff at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine for their tireless efforts to forge a path for us, their outstanding research ability, and their timeliness. Special recognition goes to our study director, Rebecca English, for her calming influence and leadership. Camilla Yandoc Ables and Jenna Briscoe were similarly indispensable in facilitating our requests and requirements for more and more data min-

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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ing. Keiona Jones and Alex Repace were masters of getting everyone where they needed to be, every time, with all of the support that was needed. The National Academies Research Center also provided invaluable research support, with special thanks to Jorge Mendoza-Torres.

Sincerely,
Rhonda Cornum, Chair
W. Ron DeHaven, Vice Chair
Committee on Assessment of the Use and Care of Dogs in Biomedical Research
Funded by or Conducted at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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Page xiii Cite
Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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Suggested Citation:"Front Matter." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Necessity, Use, and Care of Laboratory Dogs at the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25772.
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For many years, laboratory dogs have served as important animal models for biomedical research that has advanced human health. Conducted at the request of the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), this report assesses whether laboratory dogs are or will continue to be necessary for biomedical research related to the VA's mission. The report concludes that using laboratory dogs in research at the VA is scientifically necessary for only a few areas of current biomedical research. The report recommends that the VA adopt an expanded set of criteria for determining when it is scientifically necessary to use laboratory dogs in VA biomedical research; that the VA promote the development and use of alternatives to laboratory dogs; and highlights opportunities for the VA to enhance the welfare of laboratory dogs that are being used in biomedical research areas for which they have been deemed necessary.

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