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2 ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® (ââ ì£õ¶ ðFŠ¹) (Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals) ÃÆAô Ã⢠ªõOf´ «ïûù⢠Ãè£ìIv Hóv, õ£SÆì¡, ®.C îI⺠Ã⢠ªõOf´ IIBAT, Ãð£â ,ð슬ð, îIâºÃ¯Â£Â´ ºî⢠ðFŠ¹ : ñ£Ëâ 2020 裊¹K– : «ïûù⢠Ãè£ìIv Hóv õ£SÆì¡, ®.C. îIö£âèâ 裊¹K–: IIBAT, Ãð£â , ð슬ð, îIâºÃ¯Â£Â´ Ãâê£âè⹠: ñE ʪêâ , ªê¡¬ù.
3 ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® (Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals) ââ ì£õ¶ ðFŠ¹ áv®®Ãâ Ã犪ôð«óìK ÃQñ⢠KêËâ ®Mû¡ á âËË Ãâ¡â ¬ôçŠvì®v «ïûù⢠KêËâ 辡C⢠ÃçŠî «ïûù⢠Ã裪ìIv «ïûù⢠Ãè£ìIv Hóv õ£SÆì¡, ®.C www.nap.edu îIN⢠áªìË«ïûù⢠áv®â Ãâ ÃçŠð«ò£ ªìâù£ôT Ãâ¡Â´ ì£âRè£ôT (ääHã®; Ãð£â ) www.iibat.com
4 ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® «ïûù⢠Ãè£ìIv Hóv («îCò èâ¢Mâ èöèŠðFŠðèâ¹), 500 äâ°Ã®Â£ÃµÂ¶ ªî¼, NW, õ£SÆì¡, ®.C 20001 ð£Ë¬õâ° Ãâǘâ “ ªõOJ´⹠Fâ ì⹠«îCò Ãó£ÅâCâ èöèËF¡ GËõ£è õ£KòËF¡ ÃÃñF»ì¡ ïìâ°Â«Ã®Pò¶. ÃâèöèËF¡ «îCò ÃPMò⢠èâ¢Mâ°¿, «îCò ªð£PJò⢠èâ¢Mâ°¿, «îCò ñ¼Ë¶õ GÃõù⹠ÃAòõŸPL¼â°Â¶ ªðøŠðâ ì ÃÆèËFùË芪è£â¡Ã¬ «ðó¬õ ÃËFâ ìËFÅ¸Â°Ë Ã®Ã¹Â¶ Â«ÃªÂ¬ÃµÂ¬Ã²Ë Ã®â°Â¶Å֦. ÚõPâÂ¬Ã¨Â¬Ã²Ë Ã®Ã²Â£Kâ°⹠ªð£ÃŠ¬ð G¬ø«õŸø êñâYó£ù, YKò, î°Fõ£Åâ°Ã® G¹ÃËÃ¨Â¬Ã·Ë Â«Ã®Ë¾ªêŶ Ê«ðó¬õ à ¼õ£âèŠðâ ì¶. WâºÃ¨â¡Ã¬ ÃÂ½ÃµÃ´Ã¨Æ Ã¨Ãâ¹ GÃõùÆèÃâ¹ ÃËFâ ìËFŸ° Ãîó¾ îâ°Â¶Å÷ù: Office of Extramural Research, Office of the Director, National In- stitutes of Health/Department of Health and Human Services (under Con- tract Number N01-OD-4-2139 Task Order #188; the Office of Research Integrity, Department of Health and Human Services; the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture; Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International; American Association for Laboratory Animal Science; Abbott Fund; Pfizer; American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine; American Society of Laboratory Animal Practitioners; Association of Primate Veternarians Ãâǘâ ®⢠ÃøŠðâ ´Å÷ è¼Ë¶èÃâ¹, èâ¡Ã¬P¾èÃâ¹, bËñ£ùÆèÃâ¹, ðKâ°Â¶Â¬Ã³Ã¨Ãâ¹ Ãâ°Ã⢠ÃCKòËè¬÷«ò ê£Ëâ°Ã®Â¬Ãµ. ìõ ÃËFâ ìËFŸ° Ãîó¾ ÃO˶ G¬ø«õŸPË Ã®â°Ã® GÃõùÆèO¡ Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ ýõôèÆèO¡ ð£Ë¬õ¬òŠHóFðLâèMâ¢Â¬Ã´. Ãâ°ÃŸ HóFJ¡ ÃìâèÆ芫îCò ëó£âAòËFŸè£ù GÃõùÆèO¡ ð£Ë¬õ¬ò«ò£ ªè£Å¬èè¬÷«ò£ HóF ðLâèMâ¢Â¬Ã´. ÃF⢠õËËî芪ðòËè¬÷«ò£, õËËîèÅ
5 ªð£¼â è¬÷«ò£ Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ ö«ð£¡ø GÃÃµÃ¹Æ Ã¨Â¬Ã·Â«Ã²Â£ °PÅ Hâ ®¼â°Ã®Â£â¢ ÃõŸ¬ø êñKâè Ãó² Cð£K² ªêÅAø¶ â¡Ãâ¹ ÃËËîñ£è£¶. International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-15400-0 (Book) International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-15400-6 (Book) International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-15401-7 (PDF) International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-15401-4 (PDF) Library of Congress Control Number: 2010940400 «ñ½⹠HóF芫õâ¡Â´Ã±Â£J¡ WâºÃ¨â¡Ã¬ ºèõKâ° â¿FŠªðŸÃâªè£Å÷ô£â¹: ÃÆAôŠHóFâ°: «ïûù⢠Ãè£ìIv Hóv, 500 äâ°Ã®Â£ÃµÂ¶ ªî¼, NW, ô£âð£âv 285, õ£SÆì¡, ®C 20055; (800) 624-6242 Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ (202) 334-3313 (õ£SÆì¡ ªð¼ïèóŠð°FJâ¢); <http://www.nap.edu> îIâºÅ HóFâ°: áìË«ïûù⢠áv®â Ãâ ÃçŠð«ò£ªìâ ù£ôT Ãâ¡Â´ ì£âRè£ôT (ääHã®; ²¼âèñ£è âÃð£â â) ð슬ð, 601 301, www.iibat.com ðFŠ¹K– 2011, «îCò ÃPMò⢠èâ¢Mâ èöè⹠ââ¢Ã´Â£ à K¬ñè¬÷»⹠ªè£â¡Â´Å֦ ÃÆAô Ã⢠êñKâè£M⢠ðFÅ HâèŠðâ ì¶. îI⺠Ã⢠îIâºÃ¯Â£â ®⢠ðFÅ HâèŠðâ ì¶.
6 ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® «ïûù⢠Ãè£ìIv Hóv («îCò èâ¢Mâ °¿âèÅ; The National Academies) ÃPMòâ¢, ªð£PJò⢠ñŸÃ⹠ñ¼Ë¶õ⹠ðŸPò «îCò ëô£êèËèÅ: «îCò ÃPMò⢠èâ¢Mâ°¿ («ïûù⢠Ãè£ìI ÃçŠêJ¡êv; National Academy of Sciences) ô£ð «ï£âèŸø, îŸê£Ëð£ù å¼ îQÃ²Â£Ë Â°Â¿. ÃF⢠ÃPMò⢠ñŸÃ⹠ªð£PJòL⢠«îËâ°Ã®, ÃPMò⢠¸â ðÆè¬÷ «ñ½⹠º¡«ùŸø⹠ììòâ ªêÅõF½⹠ÃõŸ¬øŠªð£¶Šðò¡ð£â ®Ÿ°â ªè£â¡Â´ÃµÂ¼ÃµF½⹠îâ¹Â¬Ã± ÃËŠðEË Â¶Å÷ èâ¢Mò£÷Ëè¬÷â ªè£â¡Ã¬Â¶. «îCò è£ÆAóê£⢠1863-Ãâ¹ Ãâ¡Â´ ªè£â¡Â´ÃµÃ³Å ðâ ì «îCò êóËF¡ð® Ãâèâ¢Mâ °¿ ÃPMòâ¢, ªî£Nâ¢Â¸â ðMò⢠ê£Ëâ°Ã® è£KòÆèO⢠Ãó²âÂ°Ë Ã®Ã±Â¶ ÃP¾¬óè¬÷ õöÆ°â¹Ã°Â® ÖâèŠðâ ì¶. «îCò ÃPMò⢠èâ¢Mâ °¿M¡ î¬ôõó£è ì£âÃ¬Ë Ã³â¢Ã§Å «ü. CC«ó£¡ ªêòô£ŸÃAø£Ë. «îCò ªð£PJò⢠èâ¢Mâ°¿ («ïûù⢠Ãè£ìI ÃçŠââ¦CQòKÆ; National Academy of Engineering) 1964-Ãâ¹ Ãâ¡Â´ «îCò ÃPMò⢠èâ¢Mâ °¿MŸ° ìÃò£è, Cøâ°Ã® ªð£PJò£÷Ëè¬÷â ªè£â¡Â´ GÃõŠðâ ì¶. îù¶ ÃÆèËFùËÃ¨Â¬Ã·Ë Ã®Â£Â«Ã± «î˾ ªêÅ»â¹Ã°Â® îŸê£Ëð£ù GËõ£è˔⠪è£â¡Â´Å÷ Ãâ°¿ «îCò ÃPMò⢠èâ¢Mâ °¿¬õŠ«ð£¡«ø îñ¶ CÃ¸Å Â¹Ë Â¶Â¬Ã¸ ê£Ëâ°Ã® è£KòÆèO⢠Ãó²â° ÃP¾¬óè¬÷ õöÆ°â¹Ã°Â® ÖâèŠðâ ì¶. Ãâ°¿ «îêËF¡ ǔ›˜â è¼ËF⢠ªè£â¡Â´ èâ¢M ñŸÃ⹠Þ ºòŸCè¬÷ «ñŸªè£Å÷ ¾⹠CøŠ¹I° ªð£PJòô£÷Ëè¬÷â ªè£â¡Â´ YKò ê£î¬ùè¬÷Šð¬ìâè¾ñ£ù ªð£PJò⢠Fâ ìÆÃ¨Â¬Ã·Ë bËñ£Qâè¾⹠ªêÅAø¶. «îCò ªð£PJò⢠èâ¢Mâ °¿M¡ î¬ôõó£è ì£âÃ¬Ë ÃªÂ£Ëôv ªõvâ ªêòô£Ÿà Aø£Ë.
7 «îCò ÃPMò⢠èâ¢Mâ °¿õ£⢠1970-Ãâ¹ Ãâ¡Â´ ñ¼Ë¶õ GÃõù⹠(áv®â Ãâ Ã犪ñ®R¡; Insti- tute of Medicine), ªð£¶ ²è£î£ó⹠êâ¹Ã°â°Ã®Ã±Â£Ã¹ è£KòÆèO⢠«îCòâ ªè£ÅÂ¬Ã¨Ã¨Â¬Ã·Ë bó ÃÅõF⢠Cøâ°Ã® ñ¼Ë¶õ õâ¢Â½Ã¯Ëè¬÷â ªè£â¡Ã¬ °¿õ£è ÖâèŠðâ ì¶. «îCòâ Ãâ ìó²â° «îCò ÃPMò⢠èâ¢Mâ °¿¾ì¡ ìÃâ°Â¶ ÃP¾¬óè¬÷ õöÆ°⹠ªð£ÃŠ¬ðâ ªè£⡠´Å֦. Ãâ°¿ îù¶ ªê£â°Ã® ºòŸCèO¡ ÃÃ´â¹ Â«Ã®ÃªË F¡ ñ¼ËÂ¶ÃµË Â«Ã®Â¬Ãµ, Ãó£ÅâC ñŸÃ⹠èâ¢M º¬ùŠ¹ èO⢠ôð´Aø¶. Ãâ¹Ã±Â¼Ë¶õ GÃõùËF¡ î¬ôõó£è ì£âÃ¬Ë Ã½Â£ËM Mç¬ð¡ªðËâ ªêòô£ŸÃAø£Ë. «îCò Ãó£ÅâCâ èöèñ£ù¶ («ïûù⢠KªêËâ 辡Câ¢; National Research Council) «îCò ÃPMò⢠èâ¢Mâ °¿õ£⢠1916-Ã⢠ðóâ°Â¶Ã°â ì ÃPMò⢠ñŸÃ⹠¸â ð Mò⢠êÃèËF¡ ÃPõ£ËËîÆè¬÷ õ÷Ë˪î´âè¾⹠Ãó²â° ÃP¾¬ó õöÆ辪ñù ÖâèŠðâ ì¶. «îCò èâ¢Mâ °¿ õ°Ëî ªð£¶â ªè£Å¬èèO¡ îŠð¬ì J⢠«îCò ÃPMò⢠èâ¢Mâ °¿«õ£´⹠«îCò ªð£P Jò⢠èâ¢Mâ °¿«õ£´⹠ìÃâ°Â¶, Ãóê£ÆèËFŸ°â¹, «îCò èâ¢Mâ°â¹, ÃPMòâ¢, ªð£PJò⢠êÃèÆèÃâ°⹠«ê¬õ ªêŶ õ¼Aø¶. Ãâ°¿, ÃPMòâ¢, ªð£PJò⢠ñŸÃ⹠ñ¼Ë¶õ GÃõÆè«÷£´ ìÃâ°Â¶, ì£âÃ¬Ë Ã³â¢Ã§Å «ü. CC«ó£¡ ÃõËÃ¨Â¬Ã·Ë Ã®Â¬Ã´ÃµÃ³Â£Ã¨Â¾â¹ Ã¬Â£âÃ¬Ë ÃªÂ£Ëôv ªõvâ ÃõËè¬÷ ¶¬ÃË Ã®Â¬Ã´ÃµÃ³Â£Ã¨Â¾â¹ ÂªÃ¨Â£â¡Â´ ªêòâ¢Ã°â ´ õ¼Aø¶. www.national-academies.org
8 ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµîâ¢, ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® Ãâ ì¬ñŠ¹ à ÃÅ HùËèŠJanet C. Garber (Chair), Garber Consulting R. Wayne Barbee, Virginia Commonwealth University Joseph T. Bielitzki, University of Central Florida Leigh Ann Clayton, National Aquarium, Baltimore John C. Donovan, BioResources, Inc. Coenraad F. M. Hendriksen, Netherlands Vaccine Institute, Bilthoven, The Netherlands (until March 2009) Dennis F. Kohn, Columbia University (retired) Neil S. Lipman, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and Weill Cornell Medical College Paul A. Locke, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health John Melcher, U.S. Senate (retired) Fred W. Quimby, Rockefeller University (retired) Patricia V. Turner, University of Guelph, Canada Geoffrey A. Wood, University of Guelph, Canada Hanno Würbel, Justus Liebig University of Giessen, Germany ýõôËèŠLida Anestidou, Study Director Frances Sharples, Acting Director Kathleen Beil, Administrative Coordinator Cameron H. Fletcher, Senior Editor
9 Ruth Crossgrove, Senior Editor Radiah Rose, Manager of Editorial Projects Rhonda Haycraft, Senior Project Assistant Joanne Zurlo, Director (until April 2010) áv®®Ãâ Ã犪ôð«óìK ÃQñ⢠KêËâ 辡C⢠à ÃÅ HùËèŠStephen W. Barthold (Chair), Center for Comparative Medicine, University of California-Davis Kathryn A. Bayne, Association for Assessment and Accreditation of Laboratory Animal Care International, Frederick, Maryland Myrtle A. Davis, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland Jeffrey I. Everitt, Comparative Medicine and Investigator Support, GlaxoSmithKline Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina (until June 2010) James G. Fox, Division of Comparative Medicine, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge Nelson L. Garnett, Laboratory Animal Care and Use Programs, Dickerson, MD Estelle B. Gauda, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland (until June 2010) Joseph W. Kemnitz, Institute for Clinical and Translational Research and Department of Physiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison Judy A. MacArthur Clark, Animals in Scientific Procedures Inspec- torate, Home Office, London, United Kingdom Martha K. McClintock, Institute for Mind and Biology, University of Chicago, Illinois Leticia V. Medina, Animal Welfare and Compliance, Abbott Labo- ratories, Abbott Park, Illinois
10 ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® Timo Olavi Nevalainen, National Laboratory Animal Center, Uni- versity of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland Bernard E. Rollin, Department of Animal Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins Abigail L. Smith, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Penn- sylvania, Philadelphia (until June 2010) Stephen A. Smith, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg James E. Womack, Department of Veterinary Pathology, Texas A&M University, College Station (until June 2010) ýõôËèŠFrances Sharples, Acting Director Lida Anestidou, Senior Program Officer Kathleen Beil, Administrative Coordinator Cameron H. Fletcher, Managing Editor, ILAR Journal Rhonda Haycraft, Program Associate Joanne Zurlo, Director (until April 2010) áv®®Ãâ Ã犪ôð«óìK ÃQñ⢠KêËâ 辡C⢠Recognition and Alleviation of Pain in Laboratory Animals (2009) Scientific and Humane Issues in the Use of Random Source Dogs and Cats for Research (2009) Recognition and Alleviation of Distress in Laboratory Animals (2008) Toxicity Testing in the 21st Century: A Vision and a Strategy (2007) Overcoming Challenges to Develop Countermeasures Against Aero- solized Bioterrorism Agents: Appropriate Use of Animal Models (2006) Guidelines for the Humane Transportation of Research Animals (2006) Science, Medicine, and Animals: Teacherâs Guide (2005)
11 Animal Care and Management at the National Zoo: Final Report (2005) Science, Medicine, and Animals (2004) The Development of Science-based Guidelines for Laboratory Ani- mal Care: Proceedings of the November 2003 International Workshop (2004) Animal Care and Management at the National Zoo: Interim Report (2004) National Need and Priorities for Veterinarians in Biomedical Re- search (2004) Guidelines for the Care and Use of Mammals in Neuroscience and Behavioral Research (2003) International Perspectives: The Future of Nonhuman Primate Re- sources, Proceedings of the Workshop Held April 17-19, 2002 (2003) Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Nonhuman Primates (2003) Definition of Pain and Distress and Reporting Requirements for Laboratory Animals: Proceedings of the Workshop Held June 22, 2000 (2000) Strategies That Influence Cost Containment in Animal Research Facilities (2000) Microbial Status and Genetic Evaluation of Mice and Rats: Proceed- ings of the 1999 US/Japan Conference (2000) Microbial and Phenotypic Definition of Rats and Mice: Proceedings of the 1998 US/Japan Conference (1999) Monoclonal Antibody Production (1999) The Psychological Well-Being of Nonhuman Primates (1998) Biomedical Models and Resources: Current Needs and Future Op- portunities (1998) Approaches to Cost Recovery for Animal Research: Implications for Science, Animals, Research Competitiveness and Regulatory Compli- ance (1998) Chimpanzees in Research: Strategies for Their Ethical Care, Man- agement, and Use (1997)
12 ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® Occupational Health and Safety in the Care and Use of Research Animals (1997) Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (1996) Rodents (1996) Nutrient Requirements of Laboratory Animals, Fourth Revised Edi- tion (1995) Laboratory Animal Management: Dogs (1994) Recognition and Alleviation of Pain and Distress in Laboratory Ani- mals (1992) Education and Training in the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals: A Guide for Developing Institutional Programs (1991) Companion Guide to Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats (1991) Infectious Diseases of Mice and Rats (1991) Immunodeficient Rodents: A Guide to Their Immunobiology, Hus- bandry, and Use (1989) Use of Laboratory Animals in Biomedical and Behavioral Research (1988) Animals for Research: A Directory of Sources, Tenth Edition and Supplement (1979) Amphibians: Guidelines for the Breeding, Care and Management of Laboratory Animals (1974) ǖُâ¡Ã¬ Hó²óÆèO¡ HóF芫õâ¡Â´Ã±Â£J¡ WâºÃ¨â¡Ã¬ ºèõKâ° â¿FŠªðŸÃâ ªè£Å÷ô£⹠The National Academies Press, (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 www.nap.edu <http://www.nap.edu>
13 ñFÅ dâ ì£÷ËèŠà Åõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ®J¡ ââ ì£õ¶ ðFÅ H¡ ÃÃFŠð®õñ£ù¶ «îCò Ãó£ÅCâ èöèËF¡ Þ¬ó ñFÅ dâ ´â Ãâ ì¬ñŠð£⢠(K«ð£Ëâ Kš» èIâ ®, Re- port Review Committee) ÃÆWèKâèŠðâ ì õNº¬øè¬÷â ªè£â¡Â´ «î˾ ªêÅòŠðâ ´ Ã˶¬øJ⢠î¬ôCøâ°Ã® ð¡ºèŠðâ ì G¹ÃËè¬÷â ªè£â¡Â´ ñFÅ d´ ªêÅòŠðâ ´Å֦. å¼ Cøâ°Ã® ¬è«òì£è Ãâ°Ã⢠Fèö «õâ¡Â®, «ïˬñò£ù MñËêùÆè¬÷»⹠ñFÅ dâ ¬ì»⹠î¼õîŸ è£ù ²îâ°FóË” Ãâ°¿¾â° õöÆA»Å֦. «ñ½⹠Ãâ°Ã⢠GÃÃµÃ¹Ë Ã®Ã³â«è£â ð£´èÃâ°⹠ÃõŸP¡ ÃÅÂ¾Ë Â«Ã®Â¬Ãµâ° Gèó£ù ÃPMò⢠ªð£¼÷ìâèÆè¬÷ »â¹, Ãî£óÆè¬÷»â¹, ßÃè¬÷»⹠à Å֓âAòî£è ìñ»â¹Ã°Â® å¼ î¡ù£â C ªè£â¡Ã¬ «ð£â GÃõ õNõ°âèŠðâ ´Å֦. ñFÅ dâ ì£÷Ëè÷£⢠GèâºËîŠðâ ì Mõ£îÆèÅ, ꣡ÃèÅ, îó¾èŠðËFóñ£ù º¬øJ⢠ð£¶è£âèŠðâ ´ õ¼A¡øù. Wâºâèâ¡Â´Å÷ G¹ÃËèO¡ «ñô£ù ÃPMò⢠à îMⰠÊ«ðó¬õ ï¡Pâ èì¡ðâ ´Å֦. Michael B. Ballinger, Amgen Philippe J.R. Baneux, PreLabs Stephen W. Barthold, University of California-Davis Linda C. Cork, Stanford University Jann Hau, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Michael J. Huerkamp, Emory University Michael D. Kastello, sanofi-aventis Arthur L. Lage, Harvard Medical School
14 ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® Christian Lawrence, Childrenâs Hospital Boston Randall J. Nelson, University of Tennessee College of Medicine- Memphis Steven M. Niemi, Massachusetts General Hospital Melinda A. Novak, University of Massachusetts-Amherst Gemma Perretta, National Research Council, Italy Marky E. Pitts, IACUC Consultant George E. Sanders, University of Washington Allen W. Singer, Battelle Memorial Institute William J. White, Charles River Laboratories «ñ«ô °PÅ Hâ ´Å÷ ñFÅ dâ ì£÷ËèŠîñ¶ «ñô£ù °PŠ¹¬óè¬÷»⹠M÷âèÆè¬÷»⹠ëô£ê¬ù è¬÷»⹠õöÆA üâ°Ã®Â£Â½â¹, ÚõNè£â ®J¡ bËÃ±Â£Ã¹Æ Ã¨Â¬Ã·Â«Ã²Â£ ðKâ°Â¶Â¬Ã³Ã¨Â¬Ã·Â«Ã²Â£ ÃõËèŠõNªñ£Nò Mâ¢Â¬Ã´. öñâ ´ñâ¢Ã´, ñFÅ dâ ®Ÿ°ŠH¡, Ãâ°Ã⢠ÃÃFò£èŠðFÅ H˶ ªõOõ¼õ¶ õ¬óJ⢠Ô ÃõËèŠð£Ëâè¾Iâ¢Â¬Ã´. Ãî¡ ñFÅ d´ ü£¡ ªì£LÆâ, ý£ËõË´ ðâ¢Ã¨Â¬Ã´, ñŸÃ⹠ü£¡õ£â¡ÂªÃ¬Â¡ ªðËâ, õìâ° è«ó£Lù£ v«ìâ ðâ¢Ã¨Â¬Ã´, ÃA«ò£ó£⢠«ñŸð£Ë¬õ ªêÅòŠðâ ì¶. G¼õ£è ªêòâ¢ÂºÂ¬Ã¸Ã¨O¡ ð® ²îâ°Fóñ£ù ñFÅ d´ ï¬ìªðÃõ¬î»â¹, ÃõËèO¡ ñFŠ¹¬óèŠèõùËF⢠ªè£Å÷Šð´A¡øùõ£ â¡ð¬î à ÃFªêÅõ⹠«îCò Ãó£ÅâCâ èöèËî£⢠ÃÅ¡M¼õ¼⹠ÃñËËîŠðâ ìùË. Ãâ°Ã½âè£ù ÃÃFŠð®õËF¡ ªð£¼÷ìâèËFŸè£ù º¿Šªð£ÃŠ¹⹠Ãâ°Ã¬ô â¿F«ò£¬ó»⹠ÃõËèO¡ G¼õ£èËFù¬ó »«ñ ê£Ëâ°Ã®Â¶.
15 º¡Ã¬ó ÃPMò⢠gFò£è¾â¹, Þ ¸â ðÆèŠÃôºâ¹, ñQî «ïòËF¡ îŠð¬ìJ½⹠MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðà ¾⹠ðò¡ð´Ëî¾⹠Þ GÃõùÆèÃâÂ°Ë Â¶Â¬Ã Â¹Kõ«î Ãâ°Ã® ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ®J¡ °Pâ«è£÷£°â¹. Ôǘ ÚõNè£â ®¬ò «ñâ¹Ã°Â´ËFò «ðó¬õ ªîKòŠð´ËF»Å֦. «ñ½⹠MôÆ° êâ¹Ã°â°Ã®Å ðâ ì îÆè÷¶ ðK«ê£î¬ùè¬÷ ÃÅõ£÷ËèŠFâ ìIì¾â¹, Þ ïìËî¾⹠ÃõËèOìI¼â°Â¶ âFËð£ËâèŠð´⹠à òËG¬ô ÃPMòâ¢, Ãøâ¹, ñQî£Hñ£ù⹠ê£Ëâ°Ã® MFº¬øè¬÷ŠH¡ðŸø à îM ¹K»⹠õ¬èJ⢠ÚõN è£â ® â¿îŠðâ ´Å֦. ÚõNè£â ®J⢠Cð£K² ªêÅòŠðâ ´Å÷ MôÆ° èO¡ «ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù MðóÆèŠHó²KâèŠðâ ì îó¾èÅ, Þ º®¾èÅ, ÃPMò⢠«è£â ð£´èÅ, G¹ÃËèO¡ è¼Ë¶, à òËîó Ãó£ÅâC, ñQî£Hñ£ù îŠð¬ìJ⢠Fø⹠õ£Åâ°Ã®Â¬Ãµ âù GÃHâèŠðâ ì Þ, ðJŸC º¬øèO¡ îŠð¬ì J⢠ªè£´âèŠðâ ´Å÷ù. å¼ GÃõùËF¡ MôÆ° è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£´ ê£Ëâ°Ã® å¼ º¿ Mõó GÃ³Â¬Ã´Ë Ã®Ã²Â£KŠðîŸè£ù îËî÷ñ£è Ãâǘâ ®¡ MÃ°Ã³Æ Ã¨Â¬Ã·Å Ã°Ã²Â¡Ã°Â´Ëîô£â¹. Ãâ°Góô£ù¶ Ãâǘâ ®⢠ÃøŠðâ ´Å÷ °Pâ«è£Ãâ°â¹, âFËð£Ëâ°⹠ðôÃâ°â¹, MFº¬øè¬÷⠏âªè£Åõ⹠ãŸð â¿îŠðì¾â¹, H¡ðŸøŠðì¾â¹, ÞèŠïìËîŠðì¾⹠âFËð£ËâèŠð´Aø¶. ö«õ Ãâǘâ ®¡ «ï£âèâ¹. Ãâ¬è«ò´ MôÆ° Þ ê£Ëâ°Ã® «ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®¡ îŠð¬ìJâ¢ Ã¦Ë ÃžËîóâ «è£â ð£ì£è êËõ«îê Ã÷M⢠ãŸÃâªè£Å÷Šðâ ´Å֦.
16 ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® ªð£¶â ²è£î£óŠðEâè£ù ªè£Å¬èò£è Ãâ¬è«ò´ äâAò êñKâè£M⢠ÃõCòñ£âèŠðâ ´Å֦. ö ºîL⢠ÃÅõè MôÆ°èO¡ ÞâÃì⹠ñŸÃâ¹ ÃõŸP¡ «ðµî½âè£ù õNè£â ® âÃ⹠î¬ôŠH⢠1963Ãâ¹ Ãâ¡Â´ Hó²KâèŠðâ ì¶. ÃÂ¬Ã®Ë ÂªÃ®Â£Ã¬Ëâ°Â¶ 1965, 1968, 1972, 1978, 1985, 1996 ÃAò Ãâ¡Â´Ã¨O⢠ñÃðKYô¬ù ªêÅòŠðâ ´ ªõOJìŠðâ ì¶. Ãî¡ ºî⢠Hó²óËF L¼â°Â¶ öõ¬ó Â²Ã±Â£Ë 5,50,000 HóFèŠÃâCìŠðâ ´Å÷ù. ÃÅõè MôÆ° Ãó£ÅâC GÃõù⹠(Laboratory Animal Research Institute), 2006Ãâ¹ Ãâ¡Â´ Ãâǘâ ®¡ MÃ°Ã³Æ Ã¨Â¬Ã· «ñâ¹Ã°Â´Ëî «õâ¡Â® å¼ îŸè£L芫ðó¬õ¬òâ Ãâ ®ò¶. «îCò Ãó£ÅâC Ãâ ì¬ñŠ¹ (National Research Council) 2008-Ã⢠ÃÅõè MôÆ°èO¡ «ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ®¬ò «ñ½⹠õ÷Šð´Ëî å¼ «ñâ¹Ã°Â£â ´Š«ðó¬õ¬ò ÖËî¶. ÃPMòô£÷ËèÅ, è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼Ë¶õËèÅ, à JËõN ñ¼Ë¶õ Ãø⹠ñŸÃâ¹ MôÆ° ïôËF⢠Ãâè¬ø ªè£â¡Ã¬ ÃPMò⢠ê£ó£î ªð£¶ŠHóFGFèŠâùŠðF¡ÃÂ¡Ã Â«Ã°Ë ÃŠ«ðó¬õ J¡ ÃÆèËFùËÃ¨Ã·Â£Ã¨Ë Â«Ã®Ë¾ ªêÅòŠðâ ìùË. Ê«ðó¬õ ÃPMòô£÷ËèÅ, ªð£¶ñâ芫ïó®ò£è¾⹠â¿Ë¶ Ãôº⹠ðAËâ°Â¶ÂªÃ¨Â£â¡Ã¬ è¼Ë¶âè¬÷ Ãâǘâ ®¡ õ÷¬ñâ°Šðò¡ð´ËFâ ªè£â¡Ã¬Ã¹Ë. «ïó®â Ãâ ìÆèÅ, ªêŠìâ¹Ã°Ë 26, 2008-⢠õ£SÆìQ ½â¹, ÃâÂ«Ã¬Â£Ã°Ë 16-⢠ÃËM¡, èLç«ð£ËQò£M½â¹, ïõâ¹Ã°Ë 14, 2008-⢠C裫è£M½⹠Gèâºâ°Ã®Ã¹. ëî Ãâ Ã¬Ë F⢠â¿Ë¶ Ãôñ£ù è¼Ë¶âèÃâ¹ Mõ£FâèŠðâ ìù. «ñ½â¹, 2005-⢠îèõ⢠«î¬õJ¡ îŠð¬ìJ⢠«îCò ²è£î£ó GÃõùËFŸ° (National Institute of Health) êñËÅ HâèŠðâ ì MõóÆè¬÷»⹠Ê«ðó¬õ ÃPâ°Â¶Å֦ (NOT-OD- 06-011). Êð®ò£è, ªðøŠðâ ì ìù˶â è¼Ë¶âèÃ⹠ÚõNè£â ®J¡ õ÷¬ñâ° â´Ë¶â ªè£Å÷Šðâ ìù. ÊðE¬ò õ°¬èJâ¢, ÚõNè£â ®J¡ îŠð¬ì Ãâ¹ÃªÃ±Â£Ã¹, MôÆ°èO¡ ðò¡ ð£Ÿðâ ì Ãøâ¹, ÃPMò⢠âù Ãóâ¡Â´ è£óEè¬÷»⹠êññ£èâ è¼ËF⢠ªè£Åõ¬îâ êKò£ù º¬øJ⢠â´Ëî£â¡Ã¬Â¶. ëî êñòâ¹, Þâ êÃèËFù¼â° «ñâ¹Ã°Â´ËîŠðâ ì
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