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MôÆ° ïô⹠«ðµî⢠221 ê£ËFò⹠ªè£â¡Ã¬ ââ°Ã®ÂªÃµÂ£Â¼ MôÆ° Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ MôÆ° à ŸðËF¬ò»⹠Ãøâ°ñF ªêÅõ¬î»⹠èâ¡Ã¨Â£Eâ A¡øù. êñKâè e¡, õùMôÆ° ǐ› ¬ñò⹠º¶ªè½â¹Â¹, º¶ªè½â¹Hâ¢Ã´Â£Ã® õùMôÆ°èÅ, ÃõŸP¡ F²âèO¡ Ãøâ°ñF ãŸÃñF¬ò å¿Æ° ð´Ë¶Aø¶. ÃðËî£ù G¬ôJ½Å÷ õùMôÆ°èÅ, î£õóÆèO¡ (CITES) êËõ«îê õËËîèËFŸè£ù ñ£ï£â ®¡ «îCò ÃFè£óâ °¿õ£è, êñKâè e¡, õùMôÆ° ǐ› ¬ñòâ¹, CITES - ðâ ®òLìŠðì à JKùÆèO¡ ÃòâèË” å¿Æ°ð´Ë¶Aø¶. Ãâ¹Â¬Ã±Ã²â¹, ñQîâ°óÆ° èŠ(DOI 2007) Ãâ¡Â®â¢ ÓâèŠðâ ´ ÃùŠªð¼âè⹠ªêÅòŠð´õ¬î»⹠èâ ´Šð´Ë¶Aø¶. ââ°Ã®ÂªÃµÂ£Â¼ ªð£¼Ëîñ£ù êâ ìÆèÃâ°â¹, MôÆ°Š«ð£â°õóËÂ¶Ë Â«Ã®Â¬ÃµÃ¨Ãâ°⹠ÃÃÆ°õ¬î à ÃFªêÅò, GÃõùÆ芪ð£¼Ëîñ£ù ÃFè£KÃ¨Â¬Ã·Ë ÂªÃ®Â£Ã¬Ë¹ ªè£Å÷ «õâ¡Â´â¹. MôÆ°èŠêËõ«îê ââ¢Â¬Ã´Ã¨Â¬Ã·â èìâè¾â¹, ÃÃFò£èŠ«ð£Åâ«ê¼⹠ï£â Â¬Ã¬Ë Ã®Mó, èìâ°Â¶ ªêâ¢Â½â¹ ï£â ®¡ MFº¬øèŠà â ðì ìùËFŸ°⹠â¡.ÃË.C ªõOf´ Ãó£ÅâC MôÆ°èO¡ ñQî£H ñ£ùŠ«ð£â°õóËFŸè£ù õNè£â ´îâ¢Ã¨Å Ãâ°Ã® î¬ôŠ¬ðŠðŸPò MKõ£ù ñFŠð£Å¬õ õöÆ°Aø¶ (â¡.ÃË.C - 2006: MôÆ°èO¡ «ð£â°õó˶ °PËî ôî⢠°PŠ¹èŠH¡ ìʹ Ã-M⢠A“â°â¹.) MôÆ°Š«ð£â°õó˶ â¡ð¶ GÃõùÆèÃâ °Å«÷, GÃõùÆèÃⰠÓǘ Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ õËËîè⹠ê£ó£î GÃõùÆèÃâ°â¹, Ãó£ÅâCâ ÃìËFŸ°⹠ÓJ⢠ï¬ìªðøô£â¹. õùMôÆ°è¬÷Šªð£ÃËî õ¬ó H®âèŠðâ ì ÃìËFŸ°⹠è÷ËF⢠¬õËF¼â°⹠õêFèÃâ°⹠ÓJ⢠«ð£â°õó˶ ãŸðìô£â¹. MôÆ°èO¡ ð£¶è£Š¹, ïâ¢ÃµÂ£âºÂ¬Ãµ à ÃFŠð´Ëî ìù˶ õ¬èò£ù «ð£â°õóËFÅ¸Â°â¹ Ã¨ÃµÃ¹Ã±Â£Ã¨Ë Fâ ì Iì⢠ï¬ìªðø «õâ¡Â´â¹. «ð£â°õó˶⠪êòâ¢ÂºÂ¬Ã¸ MôÆ°èO¡ à JKò⢠ð£¶è£Š¹â°Šªð£¼Ëîñ£ù õêF¬ò õöÆè «õâ¡Â´â¹. Ã«î «ïóËFâ¢, MôÆ°õN «ï£Šî£â°⹠Ãð£òÆè¬÷â °¬øËîâ¢, ê£îèñŸø ²ŸÃâà ö⢠G¬ôJL¼â°Â¶ ð£¶è£Ëîâ¢, Ãâ ì ªïKÃªÂ¬Ã´Ë Ã®MËŠð¶, MôÆ°èO¡ à ìâ¢, ïìË” ê£Ëâ°Ã® ǔ› è¬÷»⹠õêFè¬÷»⹠õöÆ°îâ¢, MôÆ°è¬÷»â¹
222 ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® ðEò£÷Ëè¬÷»⹠(Maher and Schub 2004) à ì⢠ê£Ëâ°Ã® à ð£¬îèOL¼â°Â¶ ð£¶è£Ëî⢠ÃAòõŸ¬øâ èÃâA⢠â´âè «õâ¡Â´â¹. ÃìÆèÃâ°Å«÷«ò£ Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ GÃÃµÃ¹Æ Ã¨ÃⰠÓJ«ô£ MôÆ°è¬÷ â´Ë¶â ªêâ¢Â¬Ã¨J⢠ÃõŸ¬ø Ãʹâ¹, ªðŸÃâªè£ÅÃ⹠ïðËèÅ, «ð£â° õó˶ «ïóˬî»⹠ªðŸÃâªè£ÅõF⢠ãŸð´⹠î£ñîˬî»⹠°¬øâè ï¡° ðJŸC ªðŸø ïðËè÷£⢠Fâ ìIìŠðâ ´ å¼ÆA¬ÃâèŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. GÃÃµÃ¹Ë F¡ «õ¬ô «ïóÆèO⢠MôÆ°èŠõâ°Â¶ «êËõ¬î à ÃF ªêÅò, «ð£â°õó˶ «ïóÆèŠå¼ÆA¬ÃâèŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. Ãâ°Ã® «ïóËFŸ°ŠHÂ¡Ã¹Ë Ãµâ°Â¶ «êËâ°Ã®Â£â¢ ÃõŸ¬øŠªðø ò£ó£õ¶ îò£ó£è üâAø£Ëè÷£ â¡ð¬î à ÃFŠð´Ëî «õâ¡Â´â¹. ÃÊðŠð´⹠à JKÃ¹Æ Ã¨O¡ «î¬õè¬÷ŠðŸP ÃPâ°F¼â°⹠ªð£¼Ëîñ£ù ïðËèÃâ° ªð£ÃŠ¬ð õ¬óòÃ˶ åŠð¬ìËîâ¢, MôÆ°èO¡ «ð£â°õóËÂ¬Ã®Ë Føâ¹Ã°Ã¬ ïìËî îèõ⢠ªî£ì˹ ðKñ£ŸøËÂ¬Ã®Ë Fâ ìIì à î¾⹠(AVMA 2002). GÃõùÆèÃⰠÓJ⢠Gè¿⹠ìù˶ MôÆ°ŠðKñ£Ÿøâ¹, ªðŸÃâªè£ÅõF⢠ãŸð´⹠î£ñî˔⠰¬øâè ªð£¼Ëîñ£ù ÃõÃÆèÃì¡ Ã¼âè «õâ¡Â´â¹. ÃõÃËF⢠²è£î£ó ꣡PîâºÃ¨Å, Ãʹ⹠ªðŸÃâªè£ÅÃâ¹ GÃõùÆèO¡ ºèõKèÅ, Ãõêóè£ô ï¬ìº¬øèÅ, è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ªî£ìËÂ¹Ë Ã®Ã¨Ãµâ¢Ã¨Å, ǔ›â«èŸð ÃÃñFèŠÃAò¬õ üâè «õâ¡Â´â¹. MôÆ°èO¡ õËËîè⹠Ãî£óÆèÃâ° °PŠð£è, è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼ËÂ¶ÃµË Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼Ë¶õK¡ HóFGF MôÆ°èO¡ ãŸÃñFâ° ÃÆWè£ó⹠ÃOŠð  º¡¹ ²è£î£ó G¬ô, Hø õ£NìõêF, õ÷ËÅ Â¹Ë Â«Ã®Â¬ÃµÃ¨Â¬Ã· ñFŠð£Å¾ ªêÅõ¶ ºâAòâ¹. Ãâ°Ã® ïìõ®â¬èò£ù¶ à Å«÷ ªè£â¡Â´ÃµÃ³Å ð´⹠MôÆ° èÃâ° CøŠð£ù ªî£ŸÃË Ã®Â´Å Â¹ ªïPº¬øèŠï¬ìº¬øŠð´ËîŠð´õ¬î»â¹, MôÆ°è¬÷Šðó£ñKâÃ¨Ë Â«Ã®Â¬ÃµÃ²Â£Ã¹ CÃ¸Å Â¹Ë Â«Ã®Â¬ÃµÃ¨Â¬Ã· õöÆ°õ¬î »⹠à ÃF ªêÅA¡ø¶ (Otto and (Otto and Tolwani 2002). CøŠ¹ŠðKYô¬ùèŠCô G¬ô¬ñèOâ¢, ÃõŸP¡ õ£âºÃ¯Â£O¡ Cô èâ ìÆèOâ¢, MôÆ°è¬÷ â´Ë¶â ªêâ¢Â½â¹Â«Ã°Â£Â¶ èâ¡Â®Å ð£èŠH¡ðŸøŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹.
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224 ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® A¼Iï£CQ ªè£â¡Â´ ²Ëî⹠ªêÅî H¡ù«ó ÃõŸ¬ø ñ£Ÿø⹠ªêÅò «õâ¡Â´â¹ (NRC 1996. 2006). îQÃ²Â£Ë ÃµÂ£Ã¨Ã¹Æ Ã¨O⢠MôÆ°è¬÷ â´Ë¶â ªêâ¢ÃµÂ¶ ºŸP½⹠Ãâ Â«ÃªÃ°Ë FŸ°Kò¶. ãªùQ⢠MôÆ°èO¡ à JKò⢠ð£¶è£Š¹, ªð£¶Šð£¶è£Š¹, ²è£î£óâ¹, ªð£ÃŠ¹ ê£Ëâ°Ã® Ãð£òÆèŠMôÆ°èÃâ°⹠ÃõŸ¬øŠðò¡ð´Ë¶AÃ¸ÃµË Ã¨Ãâ°⹠GÃõùÆèÃâ°⹠ÃðË” à â¡Ã¬Â£â°â¹. cËõ£⺠à JKùÆèÅ, cËGô õ£NùÆèŠÃAò õŸ¬ø â´Ë¶â ªêâ¢Â½â¹Â«Ã°Â£Â¶ CøŠ¹â èõù⹠«î¬õŠð´Aø¶. ÃõŸ¬øŠ«ð£¶ñ£ù có¬ñM⢠Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ Ãóñ£ù à öL⢠â´Ë¶â ªêâ¢Ã´ «õâ¡Â´â¹. ð£Å°«ô£ ªîËâ¹Ã¨O⢠ªõŠðG¬ôJ¡ à âêõóâ¹Â¹Ã¨Â¬Ã·Ë îMËŠð CøŠ¹â èõù⹠ªê½ËîŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. ââ¢Ã´Â£ êâ°Ã®ËŠðÆèO½â¹, å¼ GÃõùËF⢠MôÆ°èO¡ 𣶠裊ð£ù Ãìñ£ŸøËFŸ°Šªð£¼Ëîñ£ù ãŸÃî⢠Ãøâ°î⢠õêFèŠõöÆèŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. MôÆ° ïô⹠«ðµâ¹, ¬èò£Ã⹠ïðËèO¡ ð£¶è£Š¹â° ââ°Ã®ÂªÃµÂ£Â¼ Ãâ²ÃË Ã®Â½â¹ Ãâ¢Ã´Â£Ã®ÃµÂ£Ã GÃõùËF¡ MôÆ° õ£Nìâ¹, ï¬ìº¬øèŠÃ–ËF¼Ëî⢠«õâ¡Â´â¹. õóâ¹Â¹ ePò îâ ðªõŠð G¬ôJâ¢, MôÆ°è¬÷ â´Ë¶âªêâ¢ÃµÂ¶ ÃõŸP¡ ïâ¢ÃµÂ£âºMŸ° ÃðË” à â¡Ã¬Â£â°â¹. ÃËî¼ÃÆ Ã¨O⢠º¬øò£ù à «ìŸÃâ¹, °OÃâ ´⹠«ð£â°õó˶ õNº¬øè¬÷â ¬èò£÷ «õâ¡Â´â¹ (Robertshaw 2004; Schrama et al. 1996). «ï£ÅË Ã®Â´Å Â¹ ñ¼Ë¶õ⹠«ï£ÅË Ã®Â´Å Â¹ â¡ð¶ è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬Å ðó£ñKŠ¹, à JKÃ¹Å Ã°Â£Â¶Ã¨Â£Å Â¹Ë Fâ ìÆèO¡ å¼ ºâAò è£óE ò£°â¹. ðòÃÅ÷ î´Š¹ ñ¼Ë¶õÆ芪è£â¡Â´ ëó£âAòñ£ù MôÆ°è¬÷Šðó£ñKŠð¶ â¡ð¶ MôÆ°èO¡ Ãó£ÅâC ñFÅ d´è¬÷ «ñâ¹Ã°Â´Ë¶Aø¶. ö «ï£Å˪Ãì¡ ªî£ì˹¬ìò ñ£ŸøÆè¬÷»⹠ªïPº¬ø ê£ó£î Ãî£óÆèO⢠ãŸð´⹠«õŸÃ¬ñè¬÷ »⹠°¬øâ°â¹. «ñ½⹠MôÆ°â èN¾ Ãô⹠MôÆAù ïâ¢ÃµÂ£âºMŸ° âFó£ù M¬÷¾è¬÷ °¬øâ°â¹. «ï£ÅË Ã®Â´Å Â¹ ñ¼ËÂ¶ÃµË Fâ ìÆèŠâ¡ð¶ ðâ¢Â«ÃµÃ ªè£Å èÅ, ªêòâ¢ÂºÂ¬Ã¸Ã¨Å, îQ¬ñŠð´ËîŠð´îâ¢, à ÃFÅ
MôÆ° ïô⹠«ðµî⢠225 ð´Ëîâ¢, ö ªî£ìËð£ù à ðèóÃÆèO¡ èô¬õò£°â¹. Ãùõ¬èèÅ, Ãî£óÆèÅ, à ìâ¢Ã¯Ã´Ë î°FèŠÃAò õŸP¡ îŠð¬ìJ⢠ÃËFâ ì⹠ñ£Ãð´â¹. MôÆ°èO¡ à JKò⢠ð£¶è£Š¹ MôÆ°èO¡ à JKò⢠ð£¶è£Š¹ â¡ð¶ ÃÅõè MôÆ°èO⢠ÃPòŠðâ ì Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ ªîKò£î ªî£ŸÃè¬÷ ììò£÷⹠è£Ã¾â¹, èâ ´Šð´Ëî¾â¹, î´âè¾â¹, ÃNâè¾⹠â´âèŠðâ ì ìù˶ ïìõ®â¬èè¬÷»⹠°PâAø¶. MôÆ° à JKò⢠ð£¶è£Š¹ ï¬ìº¬øè¬÷ ìù˶ MôÆAùÆèÃâ°⹠H¡ðŸø «õâ¡Â´â¹. ìõ ÃìËËFò£ù õ£Nì õêF G¬ô¬ñèO⢠(â´Ë¶âè£â ´: ÃÅõèâ ªè£P˶â¡EèÅ) ÃFè ââ¡EâJô£ù MôÆ°è¬÷ ¬õËF¼â°â¹Â«Ã°Â£Â¶ Iè¾⹠ºâAòñ£ù¬õ ò£°â¹. MôÆ° à JKò⢠ð£¶è£Š¹ ÃÅõè MôÆ°èO⢠ÃPòŠðâ ì Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ ÃPòŠðì£î ªî£ŸÃÃ¨Â¬Ã·Ë Ã®Â´âè â´âèŠðâ ì ìù˶ ïìõ®â¬èè¬÷»⹠°PâAø¶. ªî£Ÿà «ï£ÅèÃâ° MôÆ°èŠÃ÷£°â¹Â«Ã°Â£Â¶ ÃõŸP¡ à ì⢠ìñŠ¹, ªêòâ¢Ã°Â£â ´ ï¬ìº¬øè¬÷â è¼ËF⢠ªè£Å÷ «õâ¡Â´â¹. òËîñ£ù Ãâ¡Â´Ã¨Å, à ðèóÃÆèÅ, ÊðEèO⢠ôð´⹠áNòËè¬÷ HK˶¬õËîâ¢, ªð¼â¹Ã°Â£Â½â¹ ªõŸPⰠîŠð¬ìò£è à Å֦. å¼ ªõŸPèóñ£ù MôÆ° à JKÃ²â¢ Ã°Â£Â¶Ã¨Â£Å Â¹Ë Fâ ì⹠ðô ÃÃè¬÷ à Å֓âAò¶. «î¬õŠð´⹠õ¬óòÃâèŠðâ ì ²è£î£óñ£ù MôÆ°èŠñâ ´«ñ ÞâÃìËF⢠à Å÷ù â¡ð¬î à ÃF ªêÅ»⹠ï¬ì º¬ø芫î¬õ. áNòËèŠðò¡ð´Ë¶⹠ªð£¼â 芰PŠð£è ¹Ëîèâ¹, «ðù£, ¶â¡Â´ «ð£¡ø¬õ îMËâèŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. ªî£ŸÃâ A¼IèŠèõùI¡PŠðóMJ¼â°Ã®Â£â¢ ÃõŸP¡ ñ¬òâ °¬øâ°⹠ï¬ìº¬øèÅ, ìù˶ MôÆ°èÃâ°⹠õ£Nì õèâ¢, èN¾è¬÷ Ã¥NËî⢠à â ðì MôÆ° ²è£î£ó G¬ô¬ò ñFÅ H´⹠å¼ MKõ£ù, ªî£ìËâCò£ù ìñŠ¹ º¬øèŠÃ¼Ëî⢠«õâ¡Â´â¹. ªî£ì˹¬ìò ÃÃèO⢠ªð£¼Ëîñ£ù MôÆ° MG«ò£AŠð£÷Ëè¬÷ ñFÅ H´õ⹠«îËâ°ÂªÃ®Â´Å
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MôÆ° ïô⹠«ðµî⢠227 º¬øò£ù¶, Ãó² MFº¬øè¬÷ HóFðLâè «õâ¡Â´â¹ (Butler et al. 1995). ñQîâ°óÆ°èOìI¼â°Â¶ MôÆ° õN «ï£Å˪ÃèŠñQî¼â°Šðó¾õ¬îâ èâ ´Šð´Ëî °PŠð£è, îQ¬ñŠð´ËîŠð´⹠ï¬ìº¬øèŠà îMò£è üâ°â¹. Ãâ°Ã® MôÆ°èO⢠¬ñ«è£ ð£â®Kò⢠ªî£Ÿà è¬÷â ¬èò£Ãõ °PÅ Hâ ì õNè£â ´îâ¢Ã¨Å «î¬õŠð´⹠(Lerche et al. 2008, Roberts and Andrews 2008). MŸð¬ùò£÷ËèOìI¼â°Â¶ MôÆ°èO¡ îó⹠ðŸP ªðøŠð´⹠îèõâ¢Ã¨O¡ îŠð¬ìJâ¢, è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼ËÂ¶ÃµË ÂªÃ°Ã¸Å Ã°â ì MôÆ°èÃâè£ù îQ¬ñŠð´Ë¶⹠è£ôâ¹, MôÆ°â °¿M½Å÷ ÃùÆèŠñŸÃ⹠ðEÃ²Â£Ã·Ë Ã¨Ãâ° ãŸðìâîò Ãð£òÆÃ¨Â¬Ã·Ë Ã®Â´â°⹠º¬øè¬÷ õ¬óòÃâè «õâ¡Â´â¹. îQ¬ñŠð´ËîL¼â°Â¶ MôÆ°è¬÷ M´MŠð º¡¹ CA␠«î¬õò£ Ã¢Â¡Ã°Â¬Ã®Ë bËñ£Qâè «õâ¡Â´â¹. ªè£P˶â¡Eè¬÷Šªð£ÃËî ñâ ®⢠°PÅ Hâ ì «ï£ÅâA¼IèO¼â°Â¶ MôÆ°è¬÷ M´Mâè C«êKò¡ ñŸÃ⹠è¼ñ£Ÿø⹠«ð£¡ø ¹ùó¬ñŠ¹ ÃõCòñ£ Ã¢Â¡Ã°Â¬Ã®Ë bËñ£Qâè «õâ¡Â´â¹. MôÆ°èO¡ ²è£î£ó G¬ô¬ò õ¬óòÃâè MŸðùò£÷KìI¼â°Â¶ ªðøŠðâ ì îèõâ¢Ã¨Å «ð£¶ñ£ùî£è¾⹠ïâ¹Ã°Ã¨Ã±Â£Ã¹ î£è¾⹠üâ°Ã®Â£â¢ ñŸÃ⹠«ï£ÅâA¼IèŠðó¾⹠ê£ËFò⹠Ãâ¢Ã´Â£Mâ ì£⢠ªè£P˶â¡EÃ¨Â¬Ã·Ë Ã®Q¬ñŠð´ËÃ®Ë Â«Ã®Â¬ÃµJâ¢Â¬Ã´. îQ¬ñŠð´Ëî⢠õL»ÃËîŠð´⹠ðâ êËFâ¢, â´Ë¶õóŠð´⹠å¼ MôÆ°â °¿M⢠üâ°Â¶ MôÆ°èŠîQËîQò£èâ ¬èò£÷Šðì «õâ¡Â´â¹ Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ °¿âèO“ǘ ªõOJL¼â°Â¶ ªðøŠðâ ì ñŸø MôÆ°èOìI¼â°Â¶ ªî£ŸÃâA¼IèŠÃìñ£ÃÃµÂ¬Ã®Ë Ã®Â´âè à ì⢠gFò£è ìõ HKâèŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. MôÆ°â °¿M¡ ²è£î£ó G¬ô ñŸÃâ¹ MôÆ° èO¡ à JKÃ²â¢ Ã°Â£Â¶Ã¨Â£Å Â¹Ë Fâ ìËF¡ ñ¬òŠªð£ÃË«î ªè£P˶â¡EèŠÃâ¢Ã´Â¶ Hø MôÆ°èO⢠å¼ ÃÅõèËFL¼â°Â¶ Cô ªêź¬øèâè£è (â´Ë¶â è£â ´: à ÅÃʹ⠫ê£î¬ù, ïìË” «ê£î¬ù) ªõO«ò â´Ë¶â ªêâ¢Ã´Å ðâ ì£â¢, ÃõŸP¡ ²è£î£ó G¬ô ñFÅ d´ ªêÅòŠð´⹠õ¬ó ÃÃµÅ¸Â¬Ã¸Ë Ã®QËîQ ò£è ¬õâè «õâ¡Â´â¹. MôÆ°èŠîQ¬ñŠð´ËîŠðâ ìî£ â¡ð¬î»â¹
228 ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® î£â¡Â® ¹Fòî£èŠªðøŠðâ ì MôÆ°è¬÷Šðò¡ð´Ë¶ õ º¡ à ìLòâ¢, ïìË”, à þ ê£Ëâ°Ã® ðöâè õöâèÆèÃâ°Šðöè °PÅ Hâ ì è£ô Ãõè£ê⹠õöÆèŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹ (Obernier and Baldwin 2006); ðöâèõöâèËFŸ è£ù «ïóËF¡ c÷⹠å¼ MôÆ° ªè£â¡Â´ÃµÃ³Å ðâ ì Mîâ¹, è£ô Ã÷¾, ÃùÆèÅ, õ¬è ñŸÃâ¹ MôÆ°èO¡ ðò¡ð£´ ÃAòõŸ¬øŠªð£ÃË«î ìñ»â¹. ªð£¶õ£è, Ãó£ÅâC ìñŠ¹èO⢠¬õâèŠðì£î, ðöâèŠðì£î MôÆ°èÃâ°, ÃõŸP¡ ðöâèõöâèÆèÃì¡ Ã¥Ë¶ «ð£õîŸè£ù õNº¬øè¬÷ õöÆ°õF⢠èõù⹠ªê½Ëî «õâ¡Â´â¹ (â´Ë¶âè£â ´: à Å«÷ ªè£â¡Â´ õ¼õ º¡¹ ªêâ¹Ã±P ôèO¡ º®¬ò ªõâ ´îâ¢) ðöâèŠð´õîŸè£ù è£ô ÃÃ·Â¾Ë Â«Ã®Â¬ÃµÃ¨Å Ã¢L, ²â¡ÂªÃ¬L, AQŠð¡PèÅ, ñQîâ°óÆ°èÅ, ôèŠÃAòõŸP⢠ÞÃô⹠GÃHâèŠðâ ´Å÷ù. ñŸø à JKùÆèÃâ°⹠ðöâèõöâèËFŸè£ù «ïó⹠ºâAòñ£ù⹠(Capitanio et al. 2006; Conour et al. 2006; Kagira et al. 2007; Landi et al. 1982; Prasad et al. 1978; Sanhouri et al. 1989; Tuli et al. 1995). à ì⢠ïô⹠ñŸÃâ¹ Ãù îŠð¬ìJ⢠HK˶ ¬õËî⢠²è£î£ó Gôõó⹠ê£Ëâ°Â¶â¹ ªð÷bègFò£è¾⹠MôÆ°è¬÷ ÃùÆèO¡ îŠð¬ìJ⢠HKŠð¶ ðKâ°Â¶Â¬Ã³âèŠð´Aø¶. ö ÃùÆèÃâA“Jâ¢ Â«Ã¯Â£Å Ã°Ã³Â¾ÃµÂ¬Ã®Ë Ã®Â´âè¾â¹, ÃùÆèÃâA“ǘ à â¡Ã¬Â£Â°â¹ «ñ£î⢠è£óÃñ£è èõ¬ô, ïìË” ñ£ŸøÆèÃâè£ù ê£ËFòÆè¬÷ ÃèŸø¾⹠ö ðKâ°Â¶Â¬Ã³âèŠð´A¡ø¶ (Arndt et al. 2010). ÃËî¬èò õ¬èŠHKŠð£ù¶ õöâèñ£è ªõš«õà ÃùÆÃ¨Â¬Ã·Ë Ã®QËîQ ìøJ⢠¬õËF¼ŠðF¡ Ãô⹠G¬ø«õŸøŠð´Aø¶. Ãù£⢠Cô êâ°Ã®ËŠðÆèO⢠îQËîQâ Ãâ¡Â´Ã¨Å A¼IËî£âè⹠î´â°⹠°®â¢Ã¨Å 裟¬ø õ®è£â ® Ãʹ⹠Ãâ¡Â´Ã¨Å Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ îQâ CøŠ¹â 裟«ø£â ì⹠ªè£â¡Ã¬ Ãâ¡Â´Ã¨Å Ãô⹠ê£ËFò ñ£°â¹. å«ó ìøJ⢠ªõš«õà ÃùÆèŠÃ¼Šð⹠ÃËî¬èò HKŠ¹º¬ø ãŸÃâªè£Å÷Šðìô£⹠(â´Ë¶â è£â ´: Ã¥Ëî «ï£ÅâA¼I G¬ô¬òâ ªè£â¡Ã¬, ïìË”
MôÆ° ïô⹠«ðµî⢠229 gFò£è ÃÃâèñ£è üâ°⹠Ãóâ¡Â´ ÃùÆèÅ; (Pritchett - Corning et al. 2009) Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ cËõ£⺠à JKùÆèO⢠õ¬ôèŠñŸÃâ¹ Hø MôÆ°è¬÷â ¬èò£Ã⹠ê£îùÆèŠò£¾⹠Ãâ°Ã® Ãóâ¡Â´ ÃùÆèÃⰠÓJ⢠îQËîQò£è üâè «õâ¡Â´â¹. Cô ÃùÆèO⢠ñ¬øâ°F¼â°⹠ñ¼Ë¶õ gFò£ù ¶¬ÃË ÂªÃ®Â£Å¸ÃèŠñŸªø£¼ ÃùËFŸ°Šðó¾õî£⢠«ï£ÅèŠãŸð´â¹. ÃùÆèO¡ õ¬èè¬÷â ªè£â¡Â´ ÃõŸÃâ° îQËîQ õ£Nì õêFâè£ù Â«Ã®Â¬ÃµÂ¬Ã²Ë bËñ£Qâè å¼Cô â´Ë¶âè£â ´èŠõNè£â ®ò£è ìñòô£â¹. · ªýLªè£çðâÃ¬Ë HLv (Helicobacter bilis) âÃ⹠¸â¡ÂµJË Ã¢L, ²â¡ÂªÃ¬L Ãóâ¡Â¬Ã¬Â»â¹ ð£Fâ°â¹. ìõ Ãóâ¡Â´ ÃùÆèO½⹠«ï£Åè¬÷ à â¡Ã¬Â£Â°â¹ (Haines et al. 1998; Jacoby and Lindsey 1998; Maggio-Price et al. 2002). · å¼ MFò£è, ¹Fò à ôèñ£ù ªîŸ°, ñËFò êñKâè£, ð¬öò à ôèñ£ù ÃÅ HKâè£ ñŸÃ⹠ð¬öò à ôè ÃCò Ãùñ£ù ñQîâ°óÆÂ°Ã¨Â¬Ã·Ë Ã®Q ìøèO⢠¬õâè «õâ¡Â´â¹. CIò¡ óËîâèC¾ è£Åâê⢠(Renquist 1990), CIò¡ «ï£ªòFËŠ¹ °¬ø𣴠¬õóv (Hirsch et al. 1991; Murphey-Corb et al. 1986), â´Ë¶âè£â ì£è, ÃÅ HKâè£ ÃùÆèO⢠¶¬à ñ¼Ë¶õ «ï£Å˪ÃèÅ, ÃCò ÃùÆèO⢠ñ¼Ë¶õ Â«Ã¯Â£Â¬Ã²Ë Ãâ¡Â´â¹ õ¬èèÅ. · Cô ÃùÆèŠå«ó ¹MJò⢠ð°F¬òâ «êËâ°Ã®Â¬Ãµ â¡ø£½⹠îQÃ²Â£Ã¨Ë Ã®Æè ¬õâèŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. â´Ë¶â è£â ì£è, ÃE⢠°óÆ°èŠ(Saimiri sciureus) ì£ñK¡ (Saguinus oedipus) ÃAò¬õ º¬ø«ò Herpesvirus ñŸÃâ¹ H. tamarinus ªè£â¡Ã¬ ªî£ŸÃ«ï£¬òâ ªè£â¡Â®Â¼âèô£â¹. ìõ Ãâ°Â¬Ã®â °óÆ°èO⢠ñóÃË” î¼Mâ°â¹; MôÆ°è÷£⢠ðó¾⹠«ï£¬ò à â¡Ã¬Â£â°⹠(Aotus trivirgatus), (Barahona et al. 1975; Hunt and Melendez 1966; Murphy et al. 1971). õEè gFò£è Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ GÃõù gFò£è «õÃðâ ì ÃìÆèŠÃâ¢Ã´Â¶ ÃôÆèOL¼â°Â¶ ªðøŠðâ ì MôÆ° 芫ï£ÅâA¼I芪Pò G¬ôJ⢠«õÃð´â¹Â«Ã°Â£Â¶ å«ó ÃùËFŸ°Å«÷«ò HK˶ ¬õŠð¶ ÃõCòâ¹. à î£óÃñ£è, âLèO⢠âL ªî«ô£¬õóv, ²â¡ÂªÃ¬L èO⢠ñ¾v ªýð¬ì®v ¬õóv, ªóJ¡«ð£ ®ªó÷®⢠ð£â®Kò£ A⢠«ï£Å, ºòâ¢Ã¨O⢠ð£v´ªóâ¢Ã´Â£
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MôÆ° ïô⹠«ðµî⢠233 å⠴â¡E«ï£Å, °PÅ Hâ ì ÃùÆèŠðŸPò °PŠ¹èÅ). ñ¼Ë¶õ ðó£ñKŠ¹ ñŸÃ⹠«ñô£â¡Â¬Ã± ïâ¢Ã´ ëó£âAòñ£ù MôÆ°è¬÷Šðó£ñKŠð«î YKò îóñ£ù MôÆ° Mâ¦Ã«Â£Ã¹ËFŸè£ù îŠð¬ì º¡ Gðâ°Ã®Â¬Ã¹Ã²Â£Â°â¹. è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬Å ðó£ñKÅ Â¹Ë Fâ ìËF¡ èâ Ã¬Â¬Ã±Å Â¹Ë Ã®Â°Fò£ù è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼Ë¶õËèO¡ ââ¡E⏠à â ðì, ÃËFâ ìË” G¬ø«õŸÃõŠ«ð£¶ñ£ùî£è üâè «õâ¡Â´â¹. ÃËFâ ì⹠嚪õ£¼ GÃõùËFŸ°⹠ðò¡ð´ËîŠð´⹠MôÆ° õ¬èèÅ, MôÆÂ°Å Ã°Ã²Â¡Ã°Â£Â´Ë Ã®Â¡Â¬Ã±Â¬Ã²Â»â¹ ÂªÃ°Â£Â¼Ë¶ ìñ»â¹. ñ¼Ë¶õŠðó£ñKŠ¹ õöÆ°õF⢠Fø¡ õ£Åâ°Ã®ÃµÃ³Â£Ã¨ å¼ è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼ËÂ¶ÃµË Ã¼âè «õâ¡Â´Ã±Â£J¡, ÃÃµË MôÆ°èO¡ ÃùÆèÅ, GÃõù Ãó£ÅâC, èŸHËîâ¢, «ê£î¬ù Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ à ŸðËFË Fâ ìÆèO⢠ðò¡ð´ËîŠð´⹠MôÆ°èO¡ ðò¡è¬÷ ï¡° ÃPâ°F¼Ëî⢠«õâ¡Â´â¹. MôÆAù⹠ê£Ëâ°Ã® ìù˶ ñ¼Ë¶õâ¹, Ãó£ÅâC, CAâ¬êŠðF«õ´è¬÷ ñFÅ Hìâîò à K–˜â ªè£â¡Â®Â¼âè «õâ¡Â´â¹. ñ¼Ë¶õ «ñô£â¡Â¬Ã± MôÆ°èO¡ ëó£âAòâ¹, ïìË”, ïâ¢ÃµÂ£âºÂ¾ ÃAòõŸP⢠ã«îÃâ¹ Ãê£î£óÃÆèŠÃâ¢Ã´Â¶ °¬øèŠÃ¼â°ñ£J¡, ÃõŸ¬øâ è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼ËÂ¶ÃµË ÃŠªð£ÃÅ H⢠à Å÷õKì⹠¶â¢Lòñ£è¾⹠êKò£ù «ïóËF½⹠ªîKMâ°⹠õNº¬ø èâ¡Â®Å ð£è üâè «õâ¡Â´â¹. ÃõŸ¬øâ êKò£ù º¬øJ⢠ÃPMâ°⹠ªð£ÃŠð£ù¶, MôÆ°è¬÷Šðó£ñKâ°â¹, ðò¡ð´Ë¶⹠ìùõ¬ó»⹠ê£Ëâ°Ã®Â«Ã®Ã²Â£Â°â¹. CøŠð£ù Ãâè¬ø «î¬õŠð´⹠MôÆ°èÃâ° º¡ÃK– õöÆèŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. MôÆ° ñ¼ËÂ¶ÃµË Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ î°F ªðŸø «ñŸð£ËÂ¬ÃµÃ²Â£Ã·Ë MôÆA¡ à ìâ¢G¬ô¬ò ñFÅ d´ ªêŶ, «î¬õŠð´⹠CCâÂ¬ÃªË Fâ ìÆè¬÷ õ°âè «õâ¡Â´â¹. ï¡° Fâ ìIìŠðâ ì ÃPMò⢠â¡ð¶ ñQî£H ñ£ù bËñ£ùÆèÃì¡, Fâ ìIìŠðâ ì ðK«ê£î¬ù ªïPº¬øèÅ, Ãó£ÅâCJ¡ «ð£¶ ãŸð´⹠HóâC¬ù
234 ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® Ã¨Â¬Ã·Ë bËâèâîò å¼ ÃâèÃËõñ£ù Fâ ìË” à ÃFŠð´Ëî à î¾â¹. (ð£Ëâè ÃËFò£ò⹠2, âðK«ê£î¬ù ñŸÃ⹠ñQî£Hñ£ù ÃÃF º®¾â) Ãó£ÅâC ªïPº¬øèO⢠ðò¡ð´Ëð£°⹠MôÆ°èÃâè£ù è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼ËÂ¶ÃµË Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ ʪð£ÃÅ H⢠à Å÷õ Kì⹠âöâîò ââ°Ã®ÂªÃµÂ£Â¼ HóâC¬ùJ¡ ºâAò˶õ⹠ðŸP Mõ£Fâè ìù˶ ºòŸCè¬÷»⹠«ñŸªè£Å÷ «õâ¡Â´â¹. Ãó£ÅâCÃ²Â£Ã·Ë Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ Fâ ì Ãòâ°ï¼ì¡ Ãâ ´ º¬øJ⢠«êËâ°Â¶ CAâ¬ê»⹠ðK«ê£î¬ù ªêò⢠º¬ø ðŸPò º®¾èÃ⹠â´âèŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. GÃõŠðâ ì ÃÅMòâè õNÂºÂ¬Ã¸Ã¨Â¬Ã·Ë (USDA 1997). ªî£ìËâ°Â¶ c®â°⹠²è£î£óŠHóâC¬ùè¬÷â êñ£Oâ°â¹Ã°Â®Ã²Â£Ã¨, îóñ£ù CAâ¬êèÃâè£è à ¼õ£âèô£â¹. ðK«ê£î¬ùâ° à â ð´ËîŠð´⹠MôÆ°èO¡ ëó£âAò⹠êâ¹Ã°â°Ã®Å ðâ ì ªî£ìËâ°Â¶ c®â°⹠²è£î£ó⹠ðŸPò °PÅ Hâ ìËîâè HóâC¬ùè¬÷ äãC»C-â° ªîKMâè «õâ¡Â´â¹. «ñ½⹠ìù˶ CAâ¬êè¬÷»⹠M¬÷¾è¬÷»⹠ðF¾ ªêÅò «õâ¡Â´â¹ (USDA 1997). Ãõêó CA␠ðó£ñKŠ¹ Fâ ìIìŠðâ ì «ïóÆèO½â¹. Hø «ïóÆèO½⹠ªî£ìËâ°Â¶ Ãõêóè£ô è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬Å ðó£ñKŠ¹ õöÆ°õîŸ è£ù õNº¬øèŠèâ¡Â®Å ð£è üâè «õâ¡Â´â¹. MôÆ°èO⢠ãŸð´⹠è£òâ¹, «ï£Å, ñóÃ⹠ðŸPò îèõ¬ô MôÆ°Šðó£ñKŠ¹, Ãó£ÅâC áNòËèÃâ° ÃõCò⹠ªîKMâè «õâ¡Â´â¹. MôÆ°èO¡ à ìâ¢G¬ô¬ò ñFÅ H´õâ¹, MôÆ°èÃâ° CA␠ÃOŠðâ¹, âFËð£ó£ñ⢠ãŸðâ ì ñóÃË” Mê£KŠðâ¹, 輬Ãâªè£¬ô ðŸP ëô£ê¬ù õöÆ°õ⹠èâ¡Â®Å ð£è è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼â°Â¶ÃµË Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ Ãõó¶ ªð£ÃÅ Ã°Â£Ã·Ë Ã¢Å ÂªÃ°Â£Â¿Â¶â¹ Ã¼âè «õâ¡Â´â¹. ²è£î£óŠHóâC¬ù¬òâ êKªêÅõŠªð£ÃŠð£ù Ã¯Ã°Ë Ãâ¢Â¬Ã´ÂªÃ²Â¡Ã¸Â£â¢, Ãó£ÅâC ÃFè£K ñŸÃ⹠è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ áNòË芫î¬õò£ù CAâ¬êè¬÷â °P˶ å¼ º®¾â° õó ÃòôMâ¢Â¬Ã´ â¡ø£â¢, è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼Ë¶õ¼â° º¿ ÃFè£óË” ÃËî GËõ£èËFù¼â¹, (è£â¡Ã¨: ÃËFò£ò⹠2). äãC»C-»⹠ÃOâè «õâ¡Â´â¹.
MôÆ° ïô⹠«ðµî⢠235 MôÆ°èÃâ° CA␠ÃOŠðâ¹, Ãó£ÅâCJL¼â°Â¶ câè¾â¹, «î¬õŠðâ ì£⢠è´¬ñò£ù õL, ¶¡ðË” câ°õ êKò£ù ïìõ®â¬èèŠâ´âè¾â¹, «î¬õŠðâ ì£⢠輬Ãâªè£¬ô ªêÅõŠðKâ°Â¶Â¬Ã³âè¾⹠ÃFè£ó⹠îó«õâ¡Â´â¹. ðF«õâ ¬ìŠðó£ñKËî⢠ñ¼Ë¶õŠðF«õ´èŠè£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬Å ðó£ñKÅ Â¹Ë Fâ ìËF¡ å¼ ºâAò ÃÆèñ£°â¹. MôÆ°èŠïôñ£è¾â¹, ï¡° ðó£ñKâèŠð´õ¶â¹, ÃõŸP¡ ðò¡ð£â “â èâ¡Ã¨Â£Eâè¾â¹, ðò¡ð´Ë¶⹠õNº¬øè¬÷ ÃõÊð´Ëî¾⹠ºâAòñ£ùî£èâ è¼îŠð´Aø¶. ñ¼Ë¶õâ¹, MôÆ°Šðò¡ð£´ ê£Ëâ°Ã® ðF«õ´è¬÷, è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼ËÂ¶ÃµË Ã¨â¡Â®Å ð£è «ñŸð£Ë¬õ ªêÅ»⹠õNº¬ø è¬÷ Ö˶, ñFÅ d´ ªêŶ, ªî£ìËâ°Â¶ «ñŸð£Ë¬õ J´î⢠«õâ¡Â´â¹ (Field et al. 2007; Suckow and Doerning 2007). MôÆ°Šðó£ñKŠ¹, ðò¡ð£â ®⢠ôð´⹠ìùõ¼«ñ Ãó² êâ ì MFº¬ø, ñQî, è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼â°Â¶Ã¨Å, CAâ¬ê¬òŠðŸPò MFº¬øèÃì¡ èâ¡Â®Å ð£è Ã¥ËF¼âè «õâ¡Â´â¹. ñ¼â°Â¶Å ðF«õ´èŠñ¼â°Â¶â AìÆ° èŠGÃÃµÃ¹Ë Ã®Eâ¬èèO¡ «ð£¶ ðKYô¬ù ªêÅòŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. Ãìõ CA␠ªõŸPèóñ£ù Ãìõ CA␠º®¾èŠâ¡ð¶ Wâºâèâ¡Ã¬ÃµÅ¸P⢠º¬øò£ù èõù⹠ªê½Ë¶õâ¹. Ãìõ CAâJ¡ º¡ Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ÂºÂ¬Ã¸Ã¨Â¬Ã·Ë Fâ ìI´îâ¢, ¬èò£ÃðõËâÂ°Ë Â«Ã®Â¬ÃµÃ²Â£Ã¹ ðJŸCèÅ, ñòâèñ¼â°Â¶, ªî£ŸøŸø Ãìõ CA␠¸â ðÆè¬÷ ñFÅ H´îâ¢, MôÆ°Šðó£ñKŠ¬ðâ êKò£è ñFÅ H´îâ¢, ñòâè ñ¼â°Â¶Ã¨Â¬Ã· º¬øò£èŠðò¡ð´Ë¶îâ¢, Ãìõ CA␠ï¬ìº¬øè¬÷ º¬øò£èâ ªêÅîâ¢, CAâJ¡«ð£¶ MôÆ°è¬÷Šðó£ñKËî⢠«ð£¡ø ìùËF½⹠MôÆ° èO¡ à ìâ¢G¬ô¬ò»⹠èâ¡Ã¨Â£Eâè «õâ¡Â´â¹ (è£â¡Ã¨: H¡Q¬ÃŠ¹ Ã. ñòâèÃâ ìâ¢, õL, Ãìõ CAâ). ìù˶ CA␠ï¬ìº¬øèŠMôÆ°èO¡ Ãù⹠ñŸÃ⹠ðâ¢Â«ÃµÃ Câèô£ù ñè÷£⢠MôÆ°èOâ¢
236 ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® å¡Ãâ° å¡à ñ£Ãð´â¹. Ãìõ CAâÂ¬ÃªË Fâ ìËF⢠å¼ °¿ ê£Ëâ°Ã® õ°º¬ø¬òâ ¬èò£Åõ¶, «õÃðâ ì G¹ÃËèO¡ å˶¬öŠ¹ ÃAò¬õ Ãìõ CA␠M¬÷¾èO¡ ê£ËFòË” ÃFèKâA¡ø¶ (Brown and Schofield 1994; Brown et al. 1993). Ãìõ CA␠º®¾èŠªî£ìËâCò£è¾⹠º¿¬ñò£è¾⹠ï¬ìº¬øè¬÷ŠH¡ðŸÃõ¬î»â¹, êKò£ù «ïóËF⢠êKò£ù ñ£ŸøÆè¬÷ ãŸð´Ë¶õ¬î»⹠à ÃFŠð´Ëî «õâ¡Â´â¹. GÃõŠðâ ì Þ ¸â ðÆèO⢠«î¬õŠðâ ì£⢠ñ£ŸøÆ芪êÅòô£â¹. Ãîù£⢠ö MôÆ° ïâ¢ÃµÂ£âºÂ¬Ãµ ð£FâèâÃ죶 (â´Ë¶âè£â ´: cËõ£⺠à JKèŠÃâ¢Ã´Â¶ è÷⹠ê£Ëâ°Ã® Ãìõ CA␠Jâ¢). Úõ£à ñ£ŸPò¬ñËî£â¢, ÃÃµÅ¸Â¬Ã¸Ë bMóñ£è ñFÅ d´ ªêŶ, ñ¼Ë¶õ⹠ê£Ëâ°Ã® «ê£Ë¾ Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ ñóÃË” M¬÷Mâ°ñ£ â¡à ÃPò «õâ¡Â´â¹. ÃËî¬èò ñFÅ d´ ªî£Nâ¢Â¸â ð áNòËèÅ, Ãó£ÅâC ò£÷ËèÅ, ñ¼Ë¶õË, äãC»C ÃA«ò£K¡ ªî£ìËâC ò£ù îèõ⢠ªî£ìˬð«ò ê£Ëâ°F¼âAø¶. ðJŸC Ãìõ CA␠ï¬ìº¬øè¬÷ «ñŸªè£ÅÃâ¹ ÃÅõ£÷ËèŠïâ¢Ã´ Ãìõ CA␠¸â ðÆè¬÷ ï¬ìº¬øŠð´ËîŠð´õ¬î à ÃF ªêÅò êKò£ù ðJŸC¬òâ ªè£â¡Â®Â¼âè «õâ¡Â´â¹. Ãî£õ¶ YâºË îMËŠ¹, ªñ¡¬ñò£ù F²âè¬÷â ¬èò£Ãîâ¢, F² câè⹠°¬øËîâ¢, êKò£ù è¼Mè¬÷Šðò¡ð´Ë¶îâ¢, Fø¡I° à ìLòâèŠð£ó£ñKŠ¹, êKò£ù õ®¾, ¬îòL´⹠ªð£¼â è¬÷Šðò¡ð´Ë¶î⢠ÃAò¬õò£°⹠(Brown et al. 1993; Heon et al. 2006). ðJŸCJ¡«ð£¶ ªð¼â¹Ã°Â£Â½â¹ îâè® âF˪è£ÅÃâ¹ MôÆAùŠðó£ñKÅ H¡ H¡ùEJ⢠ÃìñOâ°⹠õ¬èJ⢠ðJŸC ÃOâèŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. â´Ë¶âè£â ì£è ñQî Ãìõ CAâJ⢠ðJŸÃMâèŠðâ ì Ã¯Ã°Ë Ã Ã¬Å¸ÃPòâ¢, à ìLòâ¢, ñòâè ñ¼ â°Â¶, õL Gõ £óà ñ ¼â°Â¶Ã¨ O ½ ⹠à à ¬ õ CAââ°ŠHâ°Â¬Ã®Ã² «î¬õèO⢠ðâ¢Â«ÃµÃ ÃùÆèÃâ° CA␠ªêÅò¾⹠ðJŸC ªðŸP¼âè «õâ¡Â´â¹. Ãìõ CA␠ªêÅ»⹠ªî£Nâ¢Â¸â ð áNòËèŠèâ¡Â®Å ð£è
MôÆ° ïô⹠«ðµî⢠237 Ãìõ CA␠º¬øèÅ, YâºËîMËŠ¹ ñŸÃ⹠ªð£¶ õ£ù Ãìõ CA␠º¬øèO⢠ðJŸC ªðŸP¼âè «õâ¡Â´â¹ (Stevens and Dey 2007). ªð£¼Ëîñ£ù ðJŸCË Fâ ìÆè¬÷ õ®õ¬ñŠðFâ¢, Ãó£ÅâC GÃõùÆèÃâ° à îõ îQŠðâ ì H¡ùE ªè£â¡Ã¬ Ãó£ÅâC Ãìõ CAââè£ù ðJŸC õNè£â ´îâ¢Ã¨Å üâA¡øù (ASR 2009). Ãìõ CA␠ªêÅ»⹠ïðËèŠÃÃ®Å¸Â°Ë Â«Ã®Â¬ÃµÃ²Â£Ã¹ î°F, ªêò⢠õNŠðJŸC芪ðŸP¼âA¡øùó£ Ã¢Â¡Ã°Â¬Ã®Ë bËñ£Qâ°⹠ªð£ÃŠ¹ äãC»C ñŸÃâ¹ CAâ¬êòOâ°⹠MôÆ° ñ¼ËÂ¶ÃµË ÃA«ò£¼¬ìò«î (Anderson 2007). Ãìõ CAââ° º¡ Fâ ìIì⢠Ãìõ CAââ °¿M¡ ìù˶ à ÃÅ HÃ¹Ë Ã¨O¡ è¼Ë¶è¬÷»⹠ðKYô¬ù ªêÅò «õâ¡Â´â¹ (â´Ë¶âè£â ´: Ãìõ CA␠G¹ÃË, ñòâè ñ¼â°Â¶ G¹ÃË, è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼Ë¶õË, Ãìõ CA␠ªî£N⢠¸â ð õâ¢Â½Ã¯ËèÅ, MôÆ°Šðó£ñKŠ¹ áNòËèÅ, ÃÅõ£÷ËèÅ, Ãìõ CAââ° º¡ùî£ù Fâ ì IìL⢠Ãìõ CAâÂ¬ÃªË Fâ ìŠðEò£÷ËèO¡ ðÆ°èÅ, ðJŸCË Â«Ã®Â¬ÃµÃ¨Å, bËñ£QâèŠðâ ì ï¬ìº¬ø èÃâÂ°Ë Â«Ã®Â¬ÃµÃ²Â£Ã¹ à ðèóÃÆèÅ, Hø ªð£¼â èŠ(Cunliffe-Beamer 1993). ªêź¬øèŠGèâºËîŠð´⹠ÃìËF¡ õêF, Ãî¡ ñ, Ãìõ CAâJ¡«ð£î£ù MôÆ° ²è£î£ó ñFÅ d´, ðó£ñKŠ¹ (Brown and Schofield 1994) ÃAòõŸ¬ø à ÃFŠð´Ëî «õâ¡Â´â¹. ñòâè ñ¼â°Â¶ èÅ, Ãî¡ ÃÃ·Â¾Ã¨Â¬Ã·Ë Â«Ã®Ëâ°ÂªÃ®Â´Å ð¶ ðŸPò MÃµÂ£Ã®Æ Ã¨O½⹠Ãìõ CAâJ¡«ð£î£ù õL Gõ£óEèO¡ ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù Fâ ìËF½⹠è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼Ë¶õËèŠÃ´ðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. ìóŠ¬ðâ °ö£Š«ð£¡ø A¼IË ÂªÃ®Â£Å¸Ã Ã£Å¸Ã°Â´Ëîâîò MôÆ°èO¡ à ìŸð°Fè¬÷ Ãìõ CA␠ªêŏJ⢠Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ å¼ ªêź¬ø «ï£ÅËbËÅ Â¹Ë FÃ¸Â¬Ã¹Ë Ã®Â´âèâ è£óÃñ£è üâ°Ã®Â£â¢, Ãìõ CAââ° ºâ°Â¬Ã®Ã² ¸â¡ÂµJK âFËŠ¹ ñ¼â°Â¶ èO¡ ðò¡ð£´ ªð£¼Ëîñ£ùî£è üâ°⹠(Klement et al. 1987). âšõ£ø£JÃ⹠¸â¡ÂµJË Ã¢FËŠ¹ ñ¼â°Â¶Ã¨O¡ õöâèñ£ù ðò¡ð£â “, «ï£ÅâA¼I ßø º¬øò£ù
238 ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® Ãìõ CAâÂ¬ÃªË ÂªÃ®Â£Nâ¢Â¸â ðÆèÃâ° ñ£Ÿø£è 弫ð£¶⹠è¼îâÃ죶. Ãâ°Ã®â èì¬ñè¬÷â ªêÅ»⹠ðEò£÷ËèŠà â ðì, Ãìõ CAââ°ŠHâ°Â¬Ã®Ã² èâ¡Ã¨Â£EŠ¹, èõQŠ¹, ðFM´î⢠ÃAòõŸÃâè£ù «î¬õè¬÷ º¡ùî£è«õ Fâ ìIìL⢠°PÅ Hì «õâ¡Â´â¹. Ãìõ CAââ°ŠHâ°Â¬Ã®Ã² ðó£ñKŠ¹ ªð£¼Ëîñ£ù¶ â¡ð¬î à ÃF ªêÅõîŸè£ù ªð£ÃŠ¬ð è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼Ë¶õ¼⹠ÃÅõ£÷ËèÃ⹠ðAËâ°Â¶ ªè£ÅAø£ËèÅ. Ãìõ CA␠õêFèŠå¼ MFMôâªèù, °PŠð£è Ãó£ÅâC ªïPº¬ø J¡ å¼ ºâAò ÃÆèñ£è Gò£òŠð´ËîŠðâ ´, ö äãC»C-ò£⢠効î⢠ªðøŠðâ ®¼â°Ã®Â£â¢ áP, A¼IË ÂªÃ®Â£Å¸Ã¸Å¸Ã¸ Ãìõ CA␠ÃKò HóË«òè õêFèŠà Å÷ ÃìËFâ¢Ã®Â£Â¡ ïìËîŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. Ãìõ CA␠º¬øâ°Šªð£¼Ëîñ£ù ÃìËÂ¬Ã®Ë bËñ£Qâ°⹠å¼ HóË«òè Ãìõ CA␠ìø õêF Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ Hø ªêòâ¢Ã°Â£Â´Ã¨OL¼â°Â¶ îQ«ò HK˶ ¬õâèŠðâ ì ð°F J¡ «îËõ£ù¶, ÃùÆè¬÷â ê£Ëâ°Â«Ã®Â£, ªêź¬øJ¡ ñ (ªðKò, CPò Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ Ãõêó CAâ) ñŸÃ⹠à ì⢠°¬øð£´èŠÃâ¢Ã´Â¶ ªî£ŸÃ«ï£Š«ð£¡ø Ãìõ CAââ°ŠHâ°Â¬Ã®Ã² Câèâ¢Ã¨Å (â´Ë¶âè£â ´: ¸â¡ÂµJËË ÂªÃ®Â£Å¸Ã) ÃAòõŸ¬øŠªð£ÃË«î£ Ã¬ñ»â¹. ªð¼â¹Ã°Â£Ã´Â£Ã¹ ð£â®Kò£âèŠè£ŸÃõNË Ã²èŠÃâ¢Ã´Â¶ ç«ð£¬ñâ ´èO¡ Ãô⹠î£â°A¡øù. âù«õ Ãìõ CA␠ªêÅ»⹠ð°F ÃŬñò£èŠðó£ñKâèŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. ÃõŸP¡ Ãò ñ à ÃF ªêÅòŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. «î¬õòŸø «ð£â°õó˔⠰¬øâè «õâ¡Â´â¹ (AORN 2006; Bartley 1993). ñŸø «ï£âÃ¨Æ Ã¨Ãâè£è å¼ Ãìõ CA␠ìø¬òŠðò¡ð´Ëî «õâ¡Â®Ã²Â¶ ÃõCòñ£ù£⢠à JËè£â°⹠Ãìõ CAââ°Šðò¡ð´Ë¶õ º¡¹ Úõ¬ø¬ò ÃèŸø Ã÷MÅ¸Â°Ë ÃŬñŠð´ËF ¶Š¹ó¾ì¡ F¼â¹Ã°Å ðò¡ð´Ëî «õâ¡Â´â¹. ªð£¶õ£è à JËõN ñ¼Ë¶õ Ãó£ÅâCâè£èŠðó£ñKâèŠð´⹠Mõê£ò MôÆ°è¬÷ Ãâ°Ã®Å HKMâ¢
MôÆ° ïô⹠«ðµî⢠239 °PÅ HìŠðâ ´Å÷ õNè£â ´îâ¢Ã¨Ãì¡, ÃÃâèñ£ù õêFèÃì¡ Ãìõ CA␠¸â ðÆèÃâ° à â ð´Ëî «õâ¡Â´â¹. üŠHÃâ¹ Cô è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼Ë¶õ ï¬ìº¬ø èÃâ¹, õËËîè gFò£ù ñŸÃâ¹ Mõê£òŠH¡¹ôÆèO½â¹, ªð£¶õ£èâ ªêÅòŠð´⹠Cô CPò Ãõêóè£ô CA␠ï¬ìº¬øèŠè÷G¬ô¬ñèO¡ W⺠ï¬ìªðøô£â¹. Mõê£òŠH¡¹ôËF⢠ïìËîŠðâ 죽⹠Ãì Ãâ°Ã® ï¬ìº¬øèÃâ°Šªð£¼Ëîñ£ù «ï£Å˪øŸø ¸â ðÆèÅ, ñòâè ñ¼Ë¶èÅ, õL Gõ£óE ñ¼â°Â¶Ã¨Å ÃAòõŸP¡ ðò¡ð£â ®⢠MôÆ°èO¡ ëó£âAÃ²Ë FŸ°⹠ïâ¢ÃµÂ£âºÂ¾â°⹠ãŸðìâîò ÃðË”â èÃâA⢠ªè£Å÷ «õâ¡Â´â¹. Ãìõ CA␠º¬øèŠÃìõ CA␠º¬ø芪ðKò (Major), CPò (Mi- nor) Ã÷Mô£ù¬õ âù¾⹠ÃÅõè ìñŠH⢠à JËâ 裊¹ ê£Ëâ°Ã®Â¬Ãµ, à JËâ裊¹ ê£ó£î¬õ âù¾⹠õ¬èŠð´Ëîð´A¡øù. å¼ ªð£¶õ£ù õNè£â ´îªôù - ªðKò Ã÷Mô£ù à JËè£â°⹠Ãìõ CAâ¬êò£ù¶ (â´Ë¶âè£â ´: à ì⢠WâºÃ°Â£Ã¨â¹, ñ£Ë¹ ð£è Ãìõ, Ãâ ´ ñ£Ÿøâ¹. ¬èè£⢠câèâ¹), à ì⢠°Nâ°Šá´¼M à â ð£èË” ªõOŠð´Ë¶Aø¶; à ì⢠Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ à ìLò⢠ªêòâ¢Ã°Â£Â´Ã¨O¡ èEêñ£ù °¬øð£â “ à ¼õ£â° Aø¶; MKõ£ù F²Ë¶â¡Â®Å ¹ Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ ñ£ŸÃË Â¶â¡Â®Å ¬ð à Å֓âAò¶ (Brown et al. 1993) ðâ¹. CPò Ã÷Mô£ù à JË Ã¨Â£â°⹠Ãìõ CA␠à 쟰N¬ò ªõOŠð´Ë, CPò à ì⢠°¬øð£´è¬÷ ãŸð´Ë¶⹠Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ å¼ °¬ø»⹠ßø¶. Ãâ°Ã®Å HKM⢠è£òËÂ¬Ã®Ë Â¬Ã®Ëîâ¢, à 쟫ñŸ¹ø ÃóËî ï£÷ ñ£ŸÃŠð£¬î ÖËîâ¢, î˫î£L¡ F² «êèKŠ¹, è£ò®Ëî⢠«ð£¡ø Mõê£ò MôÆ°èO⢠ªêÅòŠð´⹠õöâèñ£ù ï¬ìº¬øèÅ, è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼Ë¶õ ï¬ìº¬øèO⢠ªõO MôÆ° âÃ⹠îŠð¬ìJ⢠õöâèñ£èâ ªêÅòŠð´⹠ªð¼â¹Ã°Â£Ã´Â£Ã¹ ï¬ìº¬øèŠÃAò¬õ ÃìÆ°â¹. Ãâ°Ã®â CPò Ã÷Mô£ù ï¬ìº¬øèOL¼â°Â¶ eâ èŠð´⹠Môư芪ð£¶õ£è Ãìõ CAââ°ŠHâ°Â¬Ã®Ã² õLJ¡ °PÅ HìËîâè ÃP°Pè¬÷â è£â ì£îð®â° °¬øâ°Ã®Ã°â ê Câèâ¢Ã¨Â¬Ã·â ªè£â¡Â®Â¼âA¡øù. åŠdâ ì÷
240 ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® M⢠°ÃAò è£ôËF⢠Ãòâ¢Ã°Â£Ã¹ ªêòâ¢Ã°Â£â ®Ÿ° MôÆ°èŠF¼â¹Â¹A¡øù. °PÅ Hâ ì Ãìõ CA␠º¬øè¬÷ õ¬èŠð´Ëî ºò½â¹Â«Ã°Â£Â¶, H¡ õ¼õù õŸ¬øâ è¼ËF⢠ªè£Å÷ «õâ¡Â´â¹. õL, Ãìõ CAââ°ŠH¡ ãŸð´⹠HóâC¬ùèÅ, ªêź¬øèO¡ ñ, Ãìõâ è£òËF¡ Ã÷¾, è£òâ¹Ã°â ì Ãìâ¹, ªêź¬øJ¡ è£ôâ¹, ÃùÆèÅ, ²è£î£ó G¬ô, MôÆ° èO¡ õò¶ ÃAò¬õ ÃF⢠ÃìÆ°â¹. «ôðó£v«è£H ¶¬÷ âÃâ¹ Ã â è£â C Ãìõ CAâ¬êèÅ, ïóâ¹Â¹Ã±â¡Ã¬Ã´ ÃPMò⢠Ãó£ÅâC»ì¡ ªî£ì˹¬ìò Cô ï¬ìº¬øèŠ(â´Ë¶âè£â ´: èð£ôâ¹, ïóâ¹Â¹ êâ¹Ã°â°Ã®Ã±Â£Ã¹ Ãìõ) MôÆ°èŠeî£ù î£âèˬð£ÃË«î, CPò Ã÷Mô£ù Ãìõ CA␠âù õ¬èŠð´Ëîô£⹠(Devitt et al. 2005; Hancock et al. 2005; NRC 2003; Perret-Gentil et al.1999, 2000). â´Ë¶âè£â ì£è, °¬øâ°Ã®Ã°â ê ÃFËâC¬ò»â¹, ö ê£Ëâ°Ã® ÂªÃ®Â£Ã¬Ë M¬÷¾ è¬÷»⹠(â´Ë¶âè£â ´: ðø¬õèO⢠ð£Lù õ¬èŠð´Ëîâ¢, 輺â “ «êèKŠ¹) î¼Mâ°⹠«ôðó£v«è£H ¸â ðÆèŠCPò Ã÷Mùî£èâ è¼îŠðìô£â¹. ñŸø¬õ (èâ¢hó⢠ð£è⹠ñŸÃ⹠ñâ¡aó⢠Ãìõ) ªðKò Ã÷Mô£ù Ãìõ CA␠º¬øè÷£èâ è¼îŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. CPò «ôðó£v«è£Hâ ï¬ìº¬ø芪ð¼⹠ð£½⹠ªõOÂ«Ã¯Â£Ã²Â£Ã·Ë Ã®Šð¬ìJ⢠ªêÅòŠð´A¡øù. â¡ø£½â¹, ªð£¼Ëîñ£ù ªî£ŸøŸø ¸â ðÆèÅ, è¼MèÅ, ñòâè ñ¼â°Â¶, õL Gõ£óE ÃAò¬õ ÃõCòñ£°â¹. «ôðó£v«è£Hâ ï¬ìº¬ø芪ðKò, CPò Ã÷Mù î£èâ è¼îŠð´A¡øù â¡ð¬îâ è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼Ë¶õË, äãC»C Ãô⹠Ãâ°Ã®â°Ã® Þâ è£KòËF¡ îŠð¬ì J⢠ñFÅ d´ ªêÅò «õâ¡Â´â¹. õêFò£ù ìñŠ¹èŠA“âè£î Ãõêóè£ô à âºG¬ôJ⢠Cô «ïóÆèOâ¢, Cøâ°Ã® à ìù®ò£ù Ãìõ CA␠«î¬õŠð´â¹Ã°â êËF½⹠â´Ë¶âè£â ì£è, ªõOJ⢠ð£ñKâèŠð´⹠å¼ MôÆ°â° Ãìõ CAââªèù õêFò£ù ÃìËFŸ° ñ£ŸÃõ¶ ê£ËFò ñŸø¶. ö MôÆ°èÃâÂ°Ë Ã®MËâè º®ò£î ÃðË” ãŸð´Ëîâôâ¹. ÃËî¬èò à âºG¬ôèO⢠ªð¼â¹Ã°Â£Â½â¹, ÃF bMóŠðó£ñKŠ¹ «î¬õŠð´Aø¶. Ãìõ
MôÆ° ïô⹠«ðµî⢠241 CAââ°ŠH¡ ãŸð´⹠HóâC¬ùèŠÃFè ÃðË” ãŸð´Ëîâôâ¹. ªð£¼Ëîñ£ù ïìõ®â¬èèÃâ° è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼Ë¶õ à îM»⹠«î¬õŠð´Aø¶. à JËâ裊¹ ê£ó£î Ãìõ CAâJâ¢, ñòâè ñ¼â°FL¼â°Â¶ eÅõ º¡«ð å¼ MôÆ° 輬Ã⠪裬ô ªêÅòŠð´Aø¶. à JËâ裊¹ ê£ó£î Ãìõ CA␠ªêÅòŠðâ ì£⢠Ãâ°Ã®Å HKM⢠«è£®â ´â è£â ìŠðâ ´Å÷ ìù˶ ¸â ðÆè¬÷»⹠H¡ðŸø «õâ¡Â®Ã² ÃõCò⹠üâ裶. âQÃ⹠°¬øâ°Ã®Ã°â êñ£è Ãìõ CA␠ªêÅòŠð´⹠ð°F å⠮ ¬õâèŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. Ãìõ CA␠G¹ÃË Â¬Ã¨Â»Â¬Ã¸Ã¨Â¬Ã· ÃEò «õâ¡Â´â¹. è¼MèÅ, ²ŸP»Å÷ ð°F芲Ëîñ£è üâè «õâ¡Â´â¹ (Slattum et al. 1991). à JËâ裊¹ ê£ó£î Ãìõ ï¬ìº¬øèŠcâ¡Ã¬Ã¨Â£Ã´â¹ câ ®âèŠð´ñ£ù£â¢, MôÆA¡ vFóËñ»⹠ªõŸPèóñ£ù CA␠º®¬õ»⹠à ÃF ªêÅ»⹠ªð£¼â ´ ªî£ŸøŸø ¸â Ã°Æ Ã¨O⢠èõù⹠ªê½Ë¶õ¶ Iè¾⹠ºâAòñ£ù¶. ªî£ŸøŸø ¸â ðÆ芸â¡ÂµJË Ã±Â£Â²Ã°Â£â “ Ièâ °¬øâ°Ã® ï¬ìº¬ø G¬ôâ°â °¬øâè«õ ªî£ŸøŸø ãªêŠ®â ¸â ðÆèŠH¡ðŸøŠð´A¡øù (Mangram et al. 1999). ªõÃ⹠ï¬ìº¬ø èÅ, à ðèóÃÆèŠÃâ¢Ã´Â¶ A¼Iï£CQè÷£⢠ñâ ´«ñ Ãâ°Ã® «ï£âèË” ììòº®ò£¶ (Schonholtz 1976) . Ãìõ CAâ¬êŠð°Fâ°Š¸¬ö»⹠ìùõKì I¼â°Â¶â¹ ãªêŠ®â ¸â ðÆèÃâè£ù ÃP¾ÃËî½⹠å˶¬öŠ¹⹠«î¬õŠð´Aø¶ (Belkin 1992; McWilliams 1976). 嚪õ£¼ ï¬ìº¬øJ¡ ðÆèOŠ¹â¹, ºâAò˶õº⹠ï¬ìº¬øèÃâ«èŸð ñ£Ãð´â¹. MôÆAù «õÃ𣮡P ¸â 𠺬øèŠââ¢Ã´Â£ «ï£ò£O MôÆA½â¹, º®, Ãø° câ°îâ¢, «î¬õò£ù ð£èËF⢠A¼Iï£CQ ªè£â¡Â´ ²Ëî⹠ªêÅî⢠(Hofmann 1979), Ãìõ CA␠G¹Ã¬ó îò£Ëð´Ëîâ¢, ªð£¼Ëîñ£ù Ãìõ CAâ à ¬ìèÅ, ºèî, ¬è»¬øè¬÷ Ãìõ CA␠G¹ÃË Ã°Ã²Â¡Ã°Â´Ë¶î⢠(Chamberlain and 1984; Pereira et al. 1990; Schonholtz 1976), è¼MèŠ(Bernal et al. 2009; Kagan1992b) ªî£ŸÃ«ï£¬òâ °¬øâ°⹠ªêòâ¢ÂºÂ¬Ã¸ ê£Ëâ°Ã® ¸â ðÆè¬÷ŠH¡ðŸÃîâ¢
242 ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® (Ayliffe 1991; Kagan 1992a; Lovaglio and Lawson 1995; Ritter and Marmion 1987; Schofield 1994; Whyte 1988) ÃAò¬õ ÃF⢠ÃìÆ°â¹. ªî£ŸøŸø ¸â ð MFº¬øè¬÷ ï¬ìº¬øŠð´Ë¶ õF⢠å¼ MôÆAù⹠î£âèË” ãŸð´Ëîâô⹠(Brown 1994; Cunliffe-Beamer 1983, Gentry and French 1994). «ð£î£î Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ º¬øòŸø ¸â ðÆ芶¬à ñ¼ËÂ¶ÃµË ÂªÃ®Â£Å¸Ã Â«Ã¯Â£ÅèÃâ° õNõ°â°â¹. ìõ ð£îèñ£ù à ìLòâ¢, ïìË” ê£Ëâ°Ã® à ð£¬îè¬÷ ãŸð´Ëîâô⹠(Beamer 1972; Bradfield et al. 1992; Cunliffe-Beaer 1990; Waynfprth 1980, 1987). Ãìõ CAâJ¡ ªõŸP¬ò»â¹, MôÆ°èO¡ ïâ¢ÃµÂ£âºÂ¬ÃµÂ»â¹ Ãó£ÅâC º®¾è¬÷»⹠ð£Fâ°⹠(Coo- per et al. 2000). ìù˶ à JËè£â°⹠Ãìõ CA␠º¬øèÃâ°⹠ãªêŠ®â ¸â ðÆèO¡ ªð£¶õ£ù ªè£Å¬èè¬÷ŠH¡ðŸø «õâ¡Â´â¹ (ACLAM 2001). A¼Iï£ê⹠ªêÅòŠðì «õâ¡Â®Ã² ªð£¼â èO¡ ÃòŸHò⢠ðâ¡Â¹Ã¨Â¬Ã·Å ªð£Ã˶ °PÅ Hâ ì A¼Iï£ê º¬ø芫îËâ°ÂªÃ®Â´âèŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹ (Callanhan et al. 1995; Schofield 1994). ªð£¼â 芺¬øò£è «ï£ÅâA¼I ï£ê⹠ªêÅòŠðâ ´Å÷ùõ£ â¡ð¬î à ÃFŠð´Ëî «ï£Åâ A¼I ÃNâ°⹠°Pè£â ®è¬÷Šðò¡ð´Ëî «õâ¡Â´â¹ (Berg 1993). à ò˪õŠðâ¹, H÷£vñ£, õ£»º¬ø A¼Iï£ê⹠ªêÅ»⹠è¼MèŠÃAò¬õ ªð£¼â è¬÷â ²Ëî⹠ªêÅòŠªð£¶õ£èŠH¡ðŸøŠð´⹠ðòÃÅ÷ º¬øèŠÃ°â¹. ñ£Ÿà º¬øò£è, ªè£P˶â¡EèO⢠Ãìõ CAââ° Fóõ «õFJò⢠A¼Iï£CQèÅ, Ã Ã´Ë ÂªÃµÅ Ã° «ï£ÅâA¼I ï£êº¬ø ÃAò¬õ ºî¡¬ñò£èŠH¡ðŸøŠð´A¡øù. Fóõ «õFJò⢠A¼Iï£CQJ⢠ªð£¼Ëîñ£ù ªî£ì˹Ã⹠è£ô Ã÷¬õŠH¡ðŸø «õâ¡Â´â¹. Ãâè¼Mè¬÷Šðò¡ð´Ë¶õ º¡¹ à Š¹cË Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ «ï£ÅâA¼I ÃèŸøŠðâ ì cK⢠è¿õ «õâ¡Â´â¹. èâ¡Ã£® ñEèŠÃâ¢Ã´Â¶ Ã Ã´Ë ÂªÃµÅ Ã°â A¼Iï£CQèÅ, Ãìõ CAââ è¼MèO¡ «ñŸðóŠ¹ èŠM¬óõ£è «ï£ÅâA¼I ï£ê⹠ªêÅõîŸè£ù ðòÃÅ÷, õêFò£ù å¼ õNº¬øò£°â¹. Ãù£⢠bâè£òÆèO¡ Ãð£ò˔⠰¬øâè MôÆÂ°Ë F²âèÃì¡ ªî£ì˹ ð´Ë¶õ º¡¹ è¼MèO¡ «ñŸðóŠ¹èŠ«ð£¶ñ£ù Ã÷¾ °OËâ°Â¶Å÷ùõ£ â¡ð¬î à ÃFŠð´ËFâªè£Å÷ «õâ¡Â´â¹. Ãâ¢Ã¨Ã½Â£â¢ âÃ⹠âKê£ó£ò⹠A¼Iï£CQ»â¹
MôÆ° ïô⹠«ðµî⢠243 Ãâ¢Â¬Ã´, A¼I ÃèŸÃõ¶⹠Ãâ¢Â¬Ã´. Ãù£⢠câ¡Ã¬Ã¨Â£Ã´Ë ªî£ìË¹à «ïóËF⢠«î¬õŠðâ ì£⢠Cô ï¬ìº¬ø èÃⰠìîŠðò¡ð´Ëîô£⹠(Huerkamp 2002). Ãìõ CAJ¡«ð£¶ èâ¡Ã¨Â£EŠ¹ HóâC¬ùâ°Kò è£KòÆè¬÷â èâ¡Ã¨Â£EŠð¶â¹, à Kò «ïóËF⢠CA␠î¼õ¶⹠å¼ ªõŸPèóñ£ù Ãìõ CA␠M¬÷¾âè£ù õ£ÅŠ¬ð ÃFèKâ°⹠(Kuhlman 2008). èâ¡Ã¨Â£EŠ¹ ñòâèñ£â°îL¡ bMóâ¹, à ì⢠ªõŠðG¬ô, Ãîò ²õ£ê MAîÆè¬÷»â¹, Ãòâ¢Â¬Ã°Â»â¹ ðó£ñKŠð¶ «ð£¡ø à ìLò⢠ªêòâ¢Ã°Â£Â´Ã¨O¡ G¬ô¬ñè¬÷ ñFÅ H´õ¶ ÃõŸP⢠ÃìÆ°⹠(Flegal et al. 2009); ÃóËî ÿËî⹠(Kuhlman 2008) «ð£¡ø G¬ôè¬÷ êKò£ù º¬øJ⢠ÃõÊð´Ëî «õâ¡Â´â¹. Ãìõ CAâJ¡«ð£¶ õLñóŠ¹ ñ¼â°Â¶Ã¨Â¬Ã·â «êË˶ êñâYó£ù ñòâè ñ¼â°Â¬Ã®Å ðò¡ð´Ë¶õ¶ à ìLò⢠ãŸø ÃøâèË” °¬øâè à î¾â¹. Ãòâ¢Ã°Â£Ã¹ à ìL¡ ªõŠðG¬ô¬òŠðó£ñKŠð¶, ñòâè ñ¼â°Â¶Ã¨Où£⢠ãŸð´⹠üîò, ²õ£êâ êôùÆè¬÷â °¬øâAø¶ (Dardai and Heavner 1987; Flegal et al. 2009; Fox et al. 2008). ö CPò MôÆAùÆèÃâ° Iè¾⹠ºâAòñ£ù¶. ãªùQâ¢, ÃõŸP¡ à ì⢠«ñŸ ðóŠ¹ à ì⢠â¬ì¬ò Mì ÃFè⹠üŠðî£⢠âOF⢠î£âºÂªÃµÅ ðG¬ôâ° (cË, Gô õ£âºÃµÃ¹ à â ðì) ñ£ø õNõ°â°â¹. Ãìõ CAâJ¡ è£ô Ã÷¾ ï¬ìº¬ø èO¡ Ãòâ¢Â¹â° ãŸð Fóõ ñ£Ÿl´ ªêÅõ¶ Ãìõ CAâJ¡ «ð£¶ «î¬õŠðìô£â¹. cËõ£⺠à JKÃ¹Æ Ã¨Ãâ°⹠Ãìõ CAâJ¡ «ð£¶ ê¼ñ «ñŸðóŠ¹èŠâŠ«ð£¶⹠Ãóñ£è¾⹠à ôËâ°Â¶ Mì£îõ£Ã⹠èõQ˶⠪è£Å÷ «õâ¡Â´â¹. Ãìõ CAââ°ŠHøè£ù ðó£ñKŠ¹ Ãìõ CAââ°ŠH¡ ºâAòñ£ù Ãâ¹ÃªÃ±Â£Ã¹Â¶, ñòâè ñ¼â°Â¶ ñŸÃâ¹ Ãìõ CAâJL¼â°Â¶ eâ¡Ã¬ H¡ MôÆ°è¬÷ ï¡° èâ¡Ã¨Â£EŠð¶â¹, «î¬õò£ù «ð£¶ à Kò CA␠î¼õ¶ñ£°⹠(Haskins and Eisele 1997).
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MôÆ° ïô⹠«ðµî⢠245 Môâè¾â¹, îMËâè¾⹠«õâ¡Â®Ã² ïìõ®âÂ¬Ã¨Â¬Ã²Ë Ãâ¡Â´â¹. õL¬ò ÃÃðMŠð¶⹠Ã M¬ùò£ŸÃâ¹ FøÃ⹠º¶ªè½â¹Â¹Å÷ MôÆ°è¬÷»⹠î£â¡Â® ââ¢Ã´Â£ MôÆAùÆèO½⹠ðóõô£èâ è£ÃŠð´⹠å¼ °Ã£â¹Ãªâ¹ (Sherwin 2001). õL â¡ð¶ å¼Mîñ£ù ñùÿËî«ñ. ö câèŠðì£ Mâ ì£⢠ñù ÿËîº⹠«õî¬ù»⹠ââ¢Â¬Ã´Ã²Å¸ÃŠ«ð£°â¹. «ñ½⹠cÆ裶 c®â°⹠õL å¼ MôÆÂ¬Ã¨Ë Ã®Ã¹â°Å«÷«ò °ÃèâªêÅ»â¹. Ãîù£⢠ñËFò ïóâ¹Â¹ ñâ¡Ã¬Ã´â¹ ÃFÃ¨Ã±Â£Ã¨Ë Ãâ¡Ã¬Å ðâ ´ å¼ èâ ìËF⢠õLòŸø ÃÃðõ⹠õLI°â°Ã®Ã®Â£Ã¨ ñ£PŠ«ð£°⹠(allodynia) G¬ô ãŸð´⹠(Joshi and Ogunnaike 2005). Ãâè£óÃÆèO¡ ªð£¼â «ì Ãó£ÅâC MôÆ°èÃâè£ù ñòâè ñ¼â°Â¶, õL Gõ£óEèO¡ º¬øò£ù ðò¡ð£´ ÃøªïP ñŸÃâ¹ Mâ¦Ã«Â£Ã¹ îŠð¬ìJ⢠Öâ°Â¶Å֦. õL¬ò ììò£÷⹠èâ¡Â´ Ô ÃèŸÃõ¶ (NRC 2009a) ¶¡ðâ¹, õL¬ò îŠð¬ìò£èâ ªè£â¡Ã¬ îèõ½âè£ù Cøâ°Ã® Ãî£ó Ãô£°⹠(H¡Q¬ÃŠ¹ Ã. ñòâèÃâ ìâ¢, õL ñŸÃâ¹ Ãìõ CAâ). MôÆ°èO¡ õL Gõ£óÃËFŸ° îŠð¬ì °PÅ Hâ ì ÃùÆèO¡ ñ¼Ë¶õ ÃP°Pè¬÷â èâ¡Ã¬P»⹠Føù£°⹠(Bateson 1991; Carstens and Moberg 2000; Hawkins 2002, Holton. Hughes and Lang 1983; Karas et al. 2008; Martini et al. 2000; Roughan and Flecknell 2000, 2004; Sneddon 2006). õLâ° âFËM¬ù ßÃõ¶⹠ÃùËFŸ° Ãù⹠ñ£Ãð´â¹. (Baumans et al. 1994; et al. 2007; Morton et al. 2005; Vinuela-Fernandez et al. 2007). õL¬ò ñFÅ H´⹠º¬øèÃâ¹ ÃùËFŸ° Ãù⹠ñ£Ãð´â¹. êñKâè Ãóê£ÆèËF¡ «ê£î¬ù, Ãó£ÅâC, ðJŸC ÃAòõŸP⢠ðò¡ð´ËîŠð´⹠º¶ªè½â¹Â¹ MôÆ°èO¡ ðò¡ð£´, ðó£ñKŠ¹âè£ù ªïPº¬øèO⢠ªð£¶õ£èâ °PÅ H´õ¶ â¡ùªõ¡ø£â¢, ñ£ø£è ÃPòŠðâ ®¼Ëî⢠Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ GÃõŠðâ ®¼â°Ã®Â£â¢ îMó, ñQîËèÃâ° õL ãŸð´Ë¶⹠ªêòâ¢ÂºÂ¬Ã¸Ã¨Å ëî«ð£ô ñŸø MôÆ°èÃâ° ââ¢Ã´Â£â¹ õL ãŸð´Ë¶⹠â¡à è¼îŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹ (IRAC 1985). Cô ÃùÆèO¡ °PÅ Hâ ì ïìË” ê£Ëâ°Ã® ªõOŠð£´èŠõL, ¶¡ðËF¡ ììò£÷Æè÷£èâ
246 ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® è¼îŠð´A¡øù. (â´Ë¶âè£â ´: ï£ÅèO⢠°¬óŠ¹) ââ¢Ã´Â£ MôÆ°èOÂ½â¹ Ã±Ã¹Ë Ã®Ã·ËâC»â¹, ðCòŸø ñ »â¹, M¬óõ£ù, è®ùñ£ù ²õ£Câ°⹠º¬ø, ð£Ãâ ®èŠðø¬õèŠîŸ²Ëî⹠Ãâ¢Ã´Â£Â¬Ã±, âLèO⢠èâ¡, ï£CJ⢠ÿⰠªõO«òŸøâ¹, ªè£P˶â¡EèO⢠Ãê£î£óà «î£Ÿøâ¹, à ì⢠ñ£Ÿøâ¹, Ãòô£¬ñ (NRC 2008, 2009a) ÃAò¬õ. âQÃâ¹, Cô MôÆ° ÃùÆèŠõLJ¡ ÃP°P è¬÷, bMóñ£è Ãâ¢Ã´Â£Ã® õ¬ó ììò£÷⹠è£â ì£ñ⢠ñ¬ø˶M´⹠(NRC 2009a) . âù«õ, MôÆ°è¬÷Šðó£ñKâ°⹠ðò¡ð´Ë¶⹠ìù˶ ïðËèÃ⹠°PÅ Hâ ì ÃùÆèŠñŸÃâ¹ ÃùÆèO¡ HóË«òèñ£ù ñ¼Ë¶õ, ïìË”, à ìŸÃà ñŸÃâ¹ Ã JË«õFJò⢠°Pè¬÷ ï¡° ììò£÷Æè£ÃŠðJŸC ªðŸP¼âè «õâ¡Â´â¹ (Dubner 1987; Karas 2002; Murrell and Johnson 2006; Rose 2002; Stoskopf 1994; Valverde and Gunkel 2005). ñùËÂ¶Ã²Ë Ã¢Â¡Ã°Â¶ å¼ âFËñ¬øò£ù G¬ô âù õ¬óòÃâèŠðìô£â¹. ÃF⢠å¼ MôÆ° ðâ¢Â«ÃµÃ ÿËîÆè¬÷â êñ£Oâè«õ£ Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ êKªêÅò«õ£ îõPM´Aø¶. Ãù£⢠ñù à ¬÷âê⢠â¡ð¶ à ìù® ò£èâ èõQâèâîò «ï£Jò⢠Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ ïìË” ñ£ŸøËÂ¬Ã®Ë Ãâ¡Ã¬Â£Â¶. Ãîù£⢠MôÆ° ñù à ¬÷âêL⢠üâ°â¹Â«Ã°Â£Â¶ Ôâ èâ¡Ã¨Â£EŠð¶⹠ñFÅ d´ ªêÅõ¶⹠è®ùâ¹. MôÆ°èO¡ ¶òóËFŸ° èõù⹠ªê½Ë¶õ⹠CAâ¬êòOŠð⹠º¡ÃK– ÃOâè ºò½â¹Â«Ã°Â£Â¶ ¶¡ðËF¡ è£ôc÷â¹, bMó⹠Ãóâ¡Â´â¹ ºâAòñ£ù¬õ. â´Ë¶âè£â ì£è, ²¼âèñ£ù ìêò£¬ñ «î¬õŠð´⹠å¼ áC Cô Mù£®èŠñâ ´«ñ c®â°⹠è´¬ñò£ù ñù ÿËîË” ãŸð´Ëîâ ôâ¹. Ã«î «ïóËF⢠õ÷ËC” ñ£ŸøâÃâ¡Â®â¢ å¼ êÃè ÃùËF¡ câ¡Ã¬Ã¨Â£Ã´Ë îQ¬ñŠðâ ì üŠ¹ ï£Åðâ ì ¶òóË” ãŸð´Ëîâôâ¹. MôÆ°èÃâè£ù ªîOõ£ù, ªð£¼Ëîñ£ù ñŸÃ⹠ñQî£Hñ£ù «ê£î¬ù ê£Ëâ°Ã® ÃÃF º®¾è¬÷ ï¬ìº¬øŠð´Ë¶õ¶, «ê£î¬ùJ¡ ÃâAóIŠ¹â è£ôÆèO⢠ªï¼âèñ£ù Ãõî£QŠ¹ì¡ ìÃâ°Â¶, Ãó£ÅâC, èŸHËîâ¢, «ê£î¬ù, à ŸðËF ÃAòõŸP⢠ðò¡ð´ËîŠð´⹠MôÆ°èŠÃÃðMâ°⹠¶òóÆè¬÷â °¬øâè à î¾â¹. ÃÅõè MôÆ°èO⢠è£ÃŠð´⹠¶¡ðË” ÃÆWèKËîâ¢, Ã¥NËî⢠(NRC 2008)
MôÆ° ïô⹠«ðµî⢠247 â¡ð¶ «ê£î¬ù MôÆ°èO⢠ãŸð´⹠¶¡ð⹠°PËî ºâAòñ£ù îèõâ¢Ã¨Â¬Ã·â ªè£â¡Ã¬ Ã¦Ë Ãî£óñ£°â¹. ñòâè ñ¼â°Â¶, õLGõ£óE å¼ ïâ¢Ã´ «î¬õò£ù ñòâèÃâ ´⹠ñŸÃ⹠õL Gõ£óE ñ¼â°Â¬Ã®Ë «î˾ ªêÅ»⹠º¬ø â¡ð¶ Cøâ°Ã® ñ¼Ë¶õ, ñQî£HÃ±Â£Ã¹Ë Â«Ã®Â¬ÃµÃ¨Â¬Ã·Å ÃËËF ªêÅõ ¶ì¡, Ãó£ÅâC ªïPº¬øJ¡ «î¬õè¬÷ G¬ø«õŸø, ªî£Nâ¢ÂºÂ¬Ã¸ ê£Ëâ°Ã® è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬Ë bËñ£ùÆè¬÷ŠHóFðLâè «õâ¡Â´â¹. ÃË«î˾ ðô è£óEè¬÷â ê£ËⰠ¶Å֦. ìõ MôÆ°èO¡ Ãùâ¹, õò¶, MôÆ°èO¡ ââ¡Eâ, õLJ¡ õ¬è, bMóâ¹, °PŠðâ ì à ì⢠à ʹèO⢠ãŸð´⹠M¬÷¾èÅ, Ãìõ CAâ, õL Ãâ¡Â´â¹ ï¬ìº¬øèO¡ è£ô c÷º⹠Ãòâ¢Â¹â¹ ñ¼â°Â¶Ã¨O¡ ð£¶è£Š¹Ëñ, °PŠð£è Ãìõ CA␠Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ Hø ðK«ê£î¬ù º¬øò£⢠à ìŸÃPò⢠ê£Ëâ°Ã® ðŸø£â°¬ø Ãâ¡Ã¬Å ð´õ¶ «ð£¡ø è£óE è÷£°⹠(Kona-Boun et al. 2005). Ãìõ CAâJ¡ «ð£¶â¹, Ã º¡¹⹠ªê½ËîŠð´⹠õLGõ£óEèŠðŸP º¡ªùâêKâ¬èò£ù bËñ£ùâ¹, Ãìõ CA␠ªêÅòŠð´⹠«ïóËF⢠MôÆA¡ Ãòâ¢Â¹Ëñ¬ò»â¹, Ãìõâ°ŠHøè£ù CAâÂ¬ÃªË Ã®Ã³Ë¬î»⹠à òË˶Aø¶. õL¬ò»⹠°¬øâAø¶ (Coderre et al. 1993; Hedenqvist et al. 2000). õL Gõ£óEè¬÷ à Kò «ïóËF⢠MôÆA¡ à ìâ¢ÃµN ªê½Ë¶õî¡ Ãôº⹠à ì⢠õâèŠê£Ëâ°Ã® õLË Ãâ¡Ã¬Â¬Ã´Ë î´âè, °PÅ Hâ ì à ìŸð£èË” ñó˶Š«ð£èâ ªêÅõî¡ Ãôº⹠õL Gõ£óÃË” ãŸð´Ëîô£⹠(â´Ë¶âè£â ´: ¹Hõ£¬è¡ (Bupivacaine) âÃ⹠à ìŸð£è õL ñóŠ¹ ñ¼â°Â¶). Ãìõ CAââ°ŠHâ°Â¬Ã®Ã² õL¬òâ è£â ®½⹠ï£Åðâ ì õL¬òâ °¬øŠð¶ Iè¾⹠êõ£ô£ùî£è üâèô£â¹. õEègFò£è A“âèâîò æH«òâ âÃ⹠õL ñøâ°⹠ªð£¼Šªè£â¡Ã¬ ê¼ñËF⢠á«ìÃâ¹ Ãâ ¬ìèŠÃâ¢Ã´Â¶ à ìL«ô«ò ªð£¼ËîŠð´⹠ñ¼â°Ãâ ´ ãŸPèŠ(Opiate slow-release transdermal patches or im- plantable analgesic-containing osmotic minipumps) ÃAò¬õ õL Gõ£óÃËFŸ°Šðò¡ðìô£â¹. õL Gõ£óÃËFŸ°
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MôÆ° ïô⹠«ðµî⢠249 îQŠðâ ì MôÆ°èO¡ à Ã˾èŠðóõô£è «õÃð´ A¡øù. Ãìõ CAââè£ù ñòâèºà G¬ô¬ò ñFÅ H´õ 埬ø à ìLò⢠Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ õL»ÃË Ã°â¡H¡ âFËM¬ù «ð£¶ñ£ùî£è üâ裶 (Mason and Brown 1997). ñòâè G¬ô¬ò à â¡Ã¬Â£âè ¶â¢Lòñ£ù ÃMò£âA ñŸÃ⹠èâ¡Ã¨Â£EŠ¹â è¼MèŠ(â´Ë¶âè£â ´: îñQJ⢠è£ÃŠð´⹠Hó£à õ£» Ã÷¬õ GËÃJâè à î¾⹠ Hó£Ãõ£» Ã÷M (Pulse oximeter for determining arterial blood oxygen saturation level), ªè£P˶â¡EèŠñŸÃâ¹ Hø CPò à JKù ÆèO⢠ðò¡ð´ Ëî ñòâ è ñ ¼ Ⱐ¶èO ¡ ð£¶è£Š¬ð»⹠«î˾ ªêÅ»⹠Fø¬ù»⹠ÃFèKâ°â¹. áC õN ñòâè ñ¼â°Â¶ ªïPº¬øèÃâ°â °PÅ Hâ ì G¬ù¾ eâ è à î¾⹠ñ¼â°Â¶Ã¨O¡ ðò¡ð£´, eÅG¬ô ªî£ìËð£ù Cô ðâè M¬÷¾è¬÷â °¬øâè à î¾â¹. õL Gõ£óE¬ò»⹠ñòâè ñ¼â°Â¶Ã¨Â¬Ã·Â»â¹ ÂºÂ¬Ã¸Ã²Â£Ã¨Ë Â«Ã®Ëªî´Šð⹠«î˾ ªêÅ»⹠õNè£â ´îâ¢Ã¨Å à ¼õ£âèŠðâ ´, ÚõŠ«ð£¶ ñFŠð£Å¾ ªêÅòŠðâ ´, îóG¬ôèÅ, ¸â ðÆ芫ñâ¹Ã°Â´Ëîðâ ´ ¹¶ŠHâèŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. ñòâè ñ¼â°Â¶Ã¨Å, õL Gõ£óEèŠÃõŸP¡ è£ô£õFò£°⹠«îFèÃâ° º¡ùî£èŠðò¡ð´ËîŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. «ñ½⹠ìõ ¬èòèŠð´ËîŠðâ ´ «êIâèŠðâ ´, ÃõŸP¡ ðò¡ð£´ ðF¾ ªêÅòŠðâ ´ H¡ êâ ìgFò£è¾⹠ð£¶è£Šð£è¾⹠ÃèŸøŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. ñòâè ñ¼â°Â¶Ã¨Å, ðîŸø⹠îEâ°⹠ñ¼â°Â¶Ã¨Å, ïóâ¹Â¹Ëî¬ê à ÃËÂ¬ÃµË Ã®Â¬Ã¬ÂªÃªÅð¬õ «ð£¡ø Cô õ¬è ñ¼â°Â¶Ã¨Å õL Gõ£óÃ⹠õöÆè£ñ⢠«ð£èô£â¹. Ãù£⢠êñâYó£ù ñòâè ñ¼â°Â¶Ã¨Â¬Ã· õöÆ°õ⹠Ãìõ CAââ è£ô ï¬ìº¬øèÃì¡ ªî£ì˹¬ìò ñù ÿËî˔⠰¬øŠð⹠ªð£¼Ëîñ£ù õL Gõ£óE ñŸÃ⹠ñòâè ñ¼â°Â¶Ã¨Ãì¡ «êË˶ à ð«ò£Aâ°⹠«ð£¶ ðòÃÅ÷î£è üâ°â¹. ïóâ¹Â¹Ëî¬ê à ÃËÂ¾Ë Ã®Â´Å Â¹ ñ¼â°Â¶Ã¨Å (â´Ë¶âè£â ´: 𣡰«óQòâ¹, Pancuronium) Cô «ïóÆèO⢠ªð£¶ ñòâèG¬ô Ãìõ CAâJ¡ «ð£¶ â½â¹Â¹ - î¬ê¬òâ ªêòLöâèâ ªêÅòŠðò¡ð´ËîŠð´A¡øù (Klein 1987). Ãâ°Ã® ºìâè⹠ñòâè G¬ôJ¡ ÃöË” ñFÅ H´⹠ê£ËFòË”
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252 ÃÅõè MôÆ°è¬÷Š«ðµî⢠ñŸÃ⹠ðò¡ð£â ®Ÿè£ù õNè£â ® ºPËîâ¢, î¬ô ¶â¡Â®Ëîâ¢, à ì½â°Šá´¼¾⹠è¼M «ð£¡ø õŸP¡ ðò¡ð£´) M¼â¹Ã°Ëîâè¬õ. üŠHÃâ¹ ÃPMò⢠ê£Ëâ°Ã® Cô ªïPº¬øèÃâ° Ãóê£òùŠªð£¼â è¬÷Šðò¡ð´Ë¶õ¶ î¬ìªêÅòŠðìô£â¹. èKòIô õ£» (CO2) ªè£P˶â¡EèŠè¼¬Ã⠪裬ôâ°Šðò¡ð´ËîŠð´⹠ªð£¶õ£ù º¬øò£è üâ°Ã®Â£Â½â¹ ²õ£ê⹠ê£Ëâ°Ã® 輬Ãâªè£¬ôâ è£óEò£è Ãî¡ âFËñ¬øò£ù ðâ¡Â¹Ã¨Å °P˶ ªî£ìËâ°Â¶ êË␠Gèâºâ°Â¶ õ¼Aø¶. ÃF⢠ªêòÃâèñ£ù Ãó£ÅâC «î¬õŠð´Aø¶ (Conlee et al. 2005; Dannemanet al. 1997; Hackbarth et al. 200; Kirkden et al. 2008; Leach et al. 2002; Niel et al. 2008). «ñ½⹠ªè£P˶â¡EèO⢠èKòIô õ£» ªè£â¡Â´ 輬Ã⠪裬ô º¬ø¬ò «ñâ¹Ã°Â´Ëî ôî⢠Þ «î¬õŠð´Aø¶ (Hawkins et al. 2006). CPò ªè£P˶â¡EèÃâè£ù 輬Ãâªè£¬ôâ è£óEò£è èKòIô õ£» ðò¡ ð´ËîŠð´õ¶ ¹Fò îó¾èŠA“âJ⢠ñÃñFÅ d´ ªêÅòŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹. «ñ½⹠ªè£P˶â¡Eâ °â¦Â²Ã¨O⢠èKòIô õ£» ¬ýð£âRò£ (Hypoxia) âÃâ¹ Hó£Ãõ£»â Â°Â¬Ã¸Â¬ÃµË Ãâ¡Â´â¹ M¬÷¾èÃâ° à â ð´õFâ¢Â¬Ã´. âù«õ ìõ ÃøŠð câ¡Ã¬ «ïó⹠«î¬õŠð´Aø¶ Ãîù£⢠ñ£Ÿà º¬øèŠè¼îŠðì «õâ¡Â´â¹ (Artwoh et al. 2006); â´Ë¶â è£â ´: «õFŠªð£¼â 芪è£â¡Â´ áC «ð£´îâ¢, è¿Ë¶ ºPŠ¹ Ãâ¢Ã´Â¶ î¬ô˶EŠ¹ (Klaunberg et al. 2004; Pritchett- Corning 2009) ÃAò¬õ ÃF⢠ÃìÆ°â¹. ªî£N⢠º¬ø G¹Ã˶õº⹠ðKMóâèº⹠ªè£â¡Â´ à JKùÆèÃâè£ù 輬Ãâªè£¬ô ªêÅòŠðì «õâ¡Â®Ã²Â¶ ÃõCòâ¹. 輬Ãâªè£¬ôâ° à ìâ¢gFò£ù õNº¬øèŠðò¡ð´ËîŠð´â¹Â«Ã°Â£Â¶ Ô⠪êÅðõK¡ Fø¬ñ¬ò à ÃFŠð´Ë¶õF⢠CøŠ¹â èõù⹠«î¬õ. 輬Ãâªè£¬ô ªêÅòŠð´â¹Â«Ã°Â£Â¶ MôÆ°èŠà J«ó£´ üŠðîŸè£ù Hóî£ù ªêòâ¢Ã°Â£Â´Ã¨Å G¡øùõ£ â¡ð¬î à ÃFŠð´Ë¶⹠ÃP°Pè¬÷ ÃÆWèKâè ðJŸC ªðŸø ï ð Ë Ã¨Ã· £ ⢠ñ óÃâ¹ Ã Ã FŠð´ Ëî Šð ì « õâ¡Â´ â¹ . ñóÃË” à ÃF ªêÅõ Ãóâ¡Ã¬Â£â¹ G¬ô 輬Ã⠪裬ô º¬ø¬ò»⹠H¡ðŸøô£â¹. 輬Ãâªè£¬ôâ è£ù ìù˶⠪êź¬øèÃ⹠è£â¢Ã¯Â¬Ã¬ ñ¼Ë¶õË
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