Appendix C

Biographical Sketches of Symposium Speakers and Moderators

Cheryl A. M. Anderson, Ph.D., M.P.H., is a Professor and the Interim Chair of the Department of Family Medicine and Public Health in the School of Medicine at the University of California (UC), San Diego. Dr. Anderson’s research focuses on nutrition and chronic disease prevention using observational epidemiologic study designs, randomized clinical trials, and implementation science. Her research projects include the California Teachers (cohort) Study; the MEASURE and I-CAN clinical trials; and the RESOLVE to save 100 million lives initiative. Her body of work addresses the effects of dietary patterns, sodium, and potassium intake on blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases; behavioral interventions for adherence to dietary recommendations; and identification of nutritional risk factors for progression of kidney disease and development of cardiovascular events in individuals with chronic kidney disease. Dr. Anderson is the Director of the UC San Diego Center of Excellence in Health Promotion and Equity. She was a member of the 2015 U.S. Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, and served on the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Food and Nutrition Board. She is the current Chair of the American Heart Association’s Nutrition Committee, and was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2016. Dr. Anderson received her B.S. from Brown University, M.P.H. from the University of North Carolina Gillings School of Public Health, and M.S. in epidemiology and Ph.D. in nutritional sciences from the University of Washington School of Public Health.

Jamy D. Ard, M.D., is a Professor in the Department of Epidemiology and Prevention and the Department of Medicine at Wake Forest Baptist Health. He is also the Co-Director of the Wake Forest Baptist Health Weight Management Center, directing medical weight management programs. Following completion of his residency training, he was selected to serve as a chief resident in internal medicine at Duke University. He also received formal training in clinical research as a fellow at the Center for Health Services Research in Primary Care at the Durham Veterans Affairs Health Care System. During this time, he participated in a focused research experience on lifestyle interventions for hypertension and obesity at the Duke Nephrology Hypertension Center. Dr. Ard’s research interests include clinical management of obesity and strategies to improve cardiometabolic risk using lifestyle modification. In particular his work has focused on developing and testing medical strategies for the treatment of obesity in special populations, including African Americans, those with type 2 diabetes, and older adults. Dr. Ard has participated in several major National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded multi-center trials including Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH), DASH-sodium, PREMIER, and Weight Loss Maintenance Trial. He has been conducting research on lifestyle modification since 1995 and has received research funding from a variety of federal and foundation sources, including NIH and the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. His work has been published in numerous scientific journals and he has been a featured presenter at several national and international conferences and workshops dealing with obesity. Dr. Ard has more than 20 years of experience in clinical nutrition and obesity. Prior to joining the faculty at Wake Forest in 2012, Dr. Ard spent 9 years at The University of Alabama at Birmingham in the Department of Nutrition Sciences. Dr. Ard has served on several expert panels and guideline development committees, including the Institute of Medicine Committee on Consequences of Sodium Reduction in Populations, the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association/The Obesity Society Guideline Panel on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults, and the American Psychological Association Obesity Guideline Development Panel. He is also serving on the editorial board for The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition and the International Journal of Obesity. Dr. Ard is a member of the Roundtable on Obesity Solutions at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Dr. Ard received an M.D. and completed internal medicine residency training at Duke University Medical Center.

E. Wayne Askew, Ph.D., is a Professor Emeritus of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology in the College of Health at The University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah. His research areas include metabolism, sports nutrition,

nutrition for environmental extremes, and nutrition and human performance. Prior to his current position at The University of Utah, he was the Director of Military Nutrition Research at the U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, Massachusetts. He has served as a member of the U.S. Olympic & Paralympic Committee Nutrition Advisory panel, as a member of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Advisory Committee on Food Safety, and as a member of the National Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Medicine Committee on Military Nutrition. He received his Ph.D. in nutritional biochemistry from the Institute of Nutrition, Michigan State University. His military service included assignments at the U.S. Army Medical Research and Nutrition Laboratory in Denver, Colorado; Letterman Army Institute of Research, Presidio in San Francisco, California; Clinical Investigation, Tripler Army Medical Center in Honolulu, Hawaii; and the U.S Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine in Natick, Massachusetts.

Dennis M. Bier, M.D., is a Professor of Pediatrics and the Director of the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s/Agricultural Research Service’s Children’s Nutrition Research Center at the Baylor College of Medicine. He is a Fellow of the American Society for Nutrition, a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, and a member of the National Academy of Medicine. Dr. Bier recently stepped down from a long term as the Editor-in-Chief of The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, and an even longer term as the Associate Editor of the Annual Review of Nutrition. Previously, Dr. Bier was the Chair of the Food and Nutrition Board and the President of the American Society for Nutrition (with Dr. Naomi Fukagawa), the American Society for Nutritional Sciences, the American Society of Clinical Nutrition, and the National Institutes of Health (NIH) General Clinical Research Centers Programs Directors Association. He has also been a Councilor of the American Pediatric Society, the Chairman of the NIH Nutrition Study Section, the Chairman of the NIH General Clinical Research Centers Committee, a member of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Pediatric Advisory Committee and the FDA Food Advisory Committee, and the Chairman of the Board of the International Life Sciences Institute Research Foundation. Dr. Bier has formerly served as a member of the Scientific Advisory Board of Conagra Foods, a member of the Global Advisory Council of the McDonald’s Corporation, and a member of the Scientific Advisory Committee of Mars, Inc. He has served as a consultant to a wide variety of food and pharmaceutical companies. Dr. Bier has authored nearly 300 scientific publications. For his scholarly contributions he has received the Nutrition Award from the American Academy of Pediatrics; the David Kritchevsky Career Achievement Award, the E.V. McCollum Award, and the Volunteer of the Year Award from the American

Society for Nutrition; the Grace A. Goldsmith Award from the American College of Nutrition; the General Clinical Research Centers Award for Excellence in Clinical Research from NIH; the Jonathan Rhoads Award from the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition; the Distinguished Service Award from Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis; the Professional Achievement Award from Le Moyne College; and the Avanelle Kirksey Lectureship at Purdue University. Dr. Bier is an alumnus of Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences following its formal acquisition of the New Jersey College of Medicine.

Benjamin Caballero, M.D., Ph.D., M.Sc., is a Professor Emeritus at the Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, with a joint appointment at the Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. He started his academic career as an Assistant Professor of pediatrics at Harvard Medical School and the Director of the Nutrition Unit of Boston Children’s Hospital, and subsequently became the Founding Director of the Center for Human Nutrition at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health in Baltimore, Maryland.

Dr. Caballero has focused his research on child nutrition and health in developing countries. In particular, he has explored the combination of undernutrition and overweight that has become increasingly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. He was a member of the Food and Nutrition Board and of a number of expert panels created by the Institute of Medicine, including the Dietary Reference Intakes Committee, the Expert Panel on Macronutrient Requirements, and the Childhood Obesity Task Force. He was also a member of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans Advisory Committee, the Scientific Advisory Board of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, and a number of advisory committees of the National Institutes of Health and the U.S. Department of Agriculture. He is a member of the Spanish Academy of Nutritional Sciences and a Fellow of the American Society for Nutrition. Recent awards include the Donald Medearis Lectureship from the Massachusetts General Hospital/Harvard Medical School, the George G. Graham Lectureship from Johns Hopkins University, the Latin American Prize in Nutrition from the Latin American Society of Nutrition, the Mataix Prize for lifetime achievements in nutrition science from the Spanish Academy of Nutritional Sciences, the Ancel Keys Prize for achievements in international public health, and the Thompson-Beaudette Lectureship from Rutgers University. He is the author of more than 200 publications. He is the Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Food Sciences and Nutrition, a 10-volume work on food production, consumption, and biological effects. He is also the Editor-in-Chief of the Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition, which received the Book of the Year Award from the British

Medical Association. His Guide to Dietary Supplements summarizes the current scientific basis for the use of mineral and vitamin supplements. His book The Nutrition Transition: Diet and Disease in the Developing World explored the impact of demographic and economic development on diet- and lifestyle-related diseases in developing countries. His book Obesity in China summarizes research conducted in rural and urban China to track the impact of socioeconomic development on health outcomes. He is also the Co-Editor of a widely used textbook on human nutrition, Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease. He obtained his M.D. from the University of Buenos Aires in Argentina and his Ph.D. in neuroendocrine regulation from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts.

Eric A. Decker, Ph.D., M.S., is currently a Professor and the Head of the Department of Food Science at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. Dr. Decker is actively conducting research to characterize mechanisms of lipid oxidation, antioxidant protection of foods, and the health implications of bioactive lipids. Dr. Decker has more than 350 publications and he is listed as one of the Most Highly Cited Scientists in Agriculture. Dr. Decker has served on numerous committees for institutions such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; the Institute of Food Technologists; the U.S. Department of Agriculture; and the American Heart Association. He currently serves on the Food and Nutrition Board’s Food Forum at the National Academies. He has received numerous recognitions for his research including awards from the American Oil Chemists’ Society, the Agriculture and Food Chemistry Division of the American Chemical Society, the International Life Sciences Institute, Royal Society of Chemistry, and the Institute of Food Technologists. Dr. Decker received his M.S. in food science and nutrition from Washington State University and his Ph.D. in food science and nutrition from the University of Massachusetts Amherst.

Johanna Dwyer, D.Sc., R.D., is a Professor of medicine (nutrition) and community health at the Tufts University School of Medicine and a Professor of nutrition at the Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy. She is also a Senior Scientist at the Jean Mayer USDA [U.S. Department of Agriculture] Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University. Her major research interest is in bioactive constituents in foods such as flavonoids, population-based nutrition surveys, and nutrition policy. Dr. Dwyer is the Director of the Frances Stern Nutrition Center at Tufts Medical Center, which is one of the oldest dietetic internship programs and outpatient nutrition clinics in the United States. She served as the Dietetic Internship Director there from 1974 to 2009. From 2003 to 2011, Dr. Dwyer served part time as a Senior Nutrition Scientist in the

Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health. She now serves as a Scientific Consultant in the same capacity where she works on several large projects, including studies of dietary supplement motivation and use, development of an analytically substantiated dietary supplement database and other dietary supplement databases, development of research on the assessment of dietary supplement intake, and other topics, including national population-based surveys. She is the author or co-author of more than 270 research articles and 310 review articles published in scientific journals on topics including dietary treatment of end-stage renal disease, the role of dietary flavonoids in preventing diet-related disease in children and adolescents, maximizing the quality of life and health in the elderly, vegetarians, and other lifestyles, and databases for bioactive substances other than nutrients. She also serves as the editor of Nutrition Today. Dr. Dwyer has served on many committees, including the 2000 Dietary Guidelines for Americans Committee. She served as a member of the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; was elected as a member of the National Academy of Medicine in 1998; and served as Councilor of the Institute of Medicine from 2001 to 2003. She received the Conrad A. Elvehjem Award for public service in 2005 from the American Society for Nutritional Sciences, the Alumni Award of Merit from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in 2004, the WO Atwater Award in 1996, the Medallion Award of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics in 2003, and was honored with the Dean’s Medal from the Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy. Dr. Dwyer received her D.Sc. and M.Sc. from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, an M.S. from the University of Wisconsin, and completed her undergraduate degree with distinction at Cornell University.

Victor J. Dzau, M.D., is the President of the National Academy of Medicine (NAM), formerly the Institute of Medicine. In addition, he serves as the Vice Chair of the National Research Council. Dr. Dzau is the Chancellor Emeritus and the James B. Duke Professor of Medicine at Duke University and the past President and the Chief Executive Officer of the Duke University Health System. Previously, Dr. Dzau was the Hershey Professor of Theory and Practice of Medicine and the Chairman of Medicine at Harvard Medical School’s Brigham and Women’s Hospital, as well as the Chairman of the Department of Medicine at Stanford University. He is an internationally acclaimed leader and scientist whose work has improved health care in the United States and globally. His seminal work in cardiovascular medicine and genetics laid the foundation for the development of the class of lifesaving drugs known as ACE inhibitors, used globally to treat hypertension and heart failure. Dr. Dzau pioneered gene therapy for vascular disease. His pioneering research in cardiac regeneration led to the Paracrine Hypothesis

of stem cell action and his recent strategy of direct cardiac reprogramming using microRNA. In his role as a leader in health care, Dr. Dzau has led efforts in innovation to improve health, including the development of the Duke Global Health Institute, the Duke-National University of Singapore Graduate Medical School, and the Duke Institute for Health Innovation. He has served as a member of the Advisory Committee to the Director of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), chaired the NIH Cardiovascular Disease Advisory Committee, and currently chairs the NIH Cardiovascular Stem Cell Biology and Translational Consortia. Currently, he is a member of the Health and Biomedical Sciences International Advisory Council of Singapore and Board of Directors of the Imperial College Health Partners, United Kingdom. He chairs the Scientific Boards of the Peter Munk Cardiac Centre, University of Toronto, and Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow. He served on the Board of Health Governors of the World Economic Forum and chaired its Global Future Council on Longevity. Since arriving at the National Academies, Dr. Dzau has designed and led important initiatives such as the Commission on a Global Health Risk Framework for the Future; the Human Genome Editing Initiative; and Vital Directions for Health and Health Care and the NAM Global Grand Challenge for Healthy Longevity. Among his many honors and recognitions are the Max Delbruck Medal from Charité, Max Planck-Humboldt, Germany, the Distinguished Scientist Award from the American Heart Association, Ellis Island Medal of Honor, and the Henry Friesen International Prize. In 2019, he was awarded honorary citizenship from the President of Singapore. He has been elected to the NAM, the American Academy of Arts & Sciences, the European Academy of Sciences and Arts, and Academia Sinica. He has received 16 honorary doctorates. Dr. Dzau received his M.D. from McGill University.

M. R. C. Greenwood, Ph.D., is the President Emerita, University of Hawaii; the Chancellor Emerita, University of California, Santa Cruz; and was the Director of the Foods for Health Initiative, the Chair of the Graduate Group in Nutritional Biology, and a Distinguished Professor of Nutrition and Internal Medicine at the University of California, Davis. She also held an appointment as an Adjunct Professor of Public Health and Nutrition at the University of California, Berkeley. Dr. Greenwood is a nationally and internationally known expert on obesity and diabetes and her research interests are in developmental cell biology, genetics, neurosciences, physiology, women’s health, nutrition and science, and higher education policy. In addition, she is a national leader on science and technology policy and an expert on higher education policy issues. She is a member of the National Academy of Medicine. She is a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences; a Fellow, Past President, and Board Chair of the American

Association for the Advancement of Science; and a Fellow of the American Society for Nutrition. Dr. Greenwood served as the Associate Director for Science in the White House Office of Science and Technology Policy from 1993 to 1995. She has been the President of the North American Association for the Study of Obesity—now The Obesity Society—and the President of the American Society of Clinical Nutrition, and has chaired the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and was the former Chair of the National Academies’ Office of Science and Engineering Policy Advisory Board. She is a former U.S. Senate-confirmed member of the National Science Board and was also a member of the Laboratory Operations Board of the U.S. Department of Energy. She was a member of the board of directors of the National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges. Dr. Greenwood graduated summa cum laude from Vassar College and received her Ph.D. from The Rockefeller University.

David A. Kessler, M.D., is the Director and the Board Chair at the Center for Science in the Public Interest. He is also a Professor of pediatrics and epidemiology and biostatistics at the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). He has served as the Dean of the medical schools at Yale University and UCSF. Dr. Kessler was the Commissioner of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) from 1990 to 1997, under Presidents George H. W. Bush and Bill Clinton. As the Commissioner of FDA, Dr. Kessler acted to speed approval of new drugs and placed high priority on getting promising therapies for serious and life-threatening diseases to patients as quickly as possible. He introduced changes in the device approval process to make it more efficient and ensure that it meets high standards. Under his direction, FDA announced a number of new programs, including the regulation of the marketing and sale of tobacco products to children; nutrition labeling for food; user fees for drugs and biologics; preventive controls to improve food safety; measures to strengthen the nation’s blood supply; and the MedWatch program for reporting adverse events and product problems. He emphasized strong law enforcement and created an Office of Criminal Investigation within the agency. Dr. Kessler is a graduate of Amherst College, the University of Chicago Law School, and the Harvard Medical School. He was awarded the Public Welfare Medal from the National Academy of Sciences in 2001. Dr. Kessler, a member of the National Academy of Medicine, is the author of the best-sellers A Question of Intent: A Great American Battle with a Deadly Industry, The End of Overeating: Taking Control of the Insatiable American Appetite, and Capture: Unraveling the Mystery of Mental Suffering, among other works. His latest book, Fast Carbs, Slow Carbs: The Simple Truth About Food, Weight, and Disease, was published by HarperCollins in March 2020.

Janet King, Ph.D., is the Senior Scientist at the Children’s Hospital Oakland Research Institute and a Professor of nutrition in the Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California, Berkeley. Throughout a long and distinguished career, Dr. King has made substantive contributions to the body of human nutrition research, application, and policy development. In recognition of her national and international reputation, she was elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 1994, and in 2007, she was inducted into the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) Research Hall of Fame. She directed the USDA Western Human Nutrition Research Center at the University of California, Davis (1995–2002), and chaired the Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of California, Berkeley (1988–1994). Dr. King’s research focuses on metabolic adjustments to changes in nutrient intakes in humans; she is especially interested in metabolism and nutrient utilization of pregnant and lactating women and how dietary zinc influences metabolism. Dr. King’s impact on the field of human nutrition extends well beyond her research accomplishments. For example, she chaired the USDA/U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee. The committee’s work resulted in the publication of the 2005 Dietary Guidelines for Americans, which had a significant impact on what Americans eat. When Dr. King was the Chair of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Food and Nutrition Board in 1994, the paradigm for the then new Dietary Reference Intakes was established. She recently chaired a United Nations University, Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, and World Health Organization Joint Committee on Dietary Harmonization and is a member of the steering committee of the International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group. Dr. King received her Ph.D. in nutrition from the University of California, Berkeley.

David M. Klurfeld, Ph.D., has been the National Program Leader for Human Nutrition in the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) since 2004. He is responsible for the scientific direction of the intramural human nutrition research conducted by USDA laboratories. Prior to government service, he was a Professor and the Chairman of the Department of Nutrition & Food Science at Wayne State University in Detroit, Michigan, for 12 years. Before that he was on the faculty of The Wistar Institute and the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine for 15 years. His research focused on the relationship of diet and prevention of chronic diseases, primarily heart disease and cancer. Among his scientific discoveries are the first demonstration that red wine consumption resulted in fewer cardiovascular lesions, that the cholesterol-filled cells in human arterial lesions are white blood cells, that reducing calories was more important than reducing fat in the diet for decreasing cancer growth,

and a mediator of this last effect was likely IGF-1. Dr. Klurfeld has published more than 200 peer-reviewed articles and book chapters. He was the Associate Editor of The American Journal for Clinical Nutrition from 2007 to 2019. He was elected a Fellow of the American Society for Nutrition in 2018 and received the Ralph Holman Lifetime Achievement Award from the American Oil Chemists’ Society in 2019. Dr. Klurfeld received his undergraduate degree in general agriculture from Cornell University and both master’s and doctorate degrees in pathology from the Medical College of Virginia in the Virginia Commonwealth University.

Barbara Kowalcyk, Ph.D., is faculty at The Ohio State University in the Department of Food Science and Technology and the Director of the Center for Foodborne Illness Research and Prevention. She is also affiliated with The Ohio State University’s Translational Data Analytics Institute, Global One Health initiative, and College of Public Health. An expert in food safety with experience and training in epidemiology, biostatistics, risk analysis, and public policy, Dr. Kowalcyk works to advance more systems-based approaches to food safety that promote evidence-based decision making from farm to fork to physician; and considers the connectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. She recently received a $3.4 million grant to develop risk-based food safety approaches in Ethiopia. Dr. Kowalcyk has served on many national committees, including two National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine committees and her current appointment to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Science Board. In addition to her extensive experience in food safety, Dr. Kowalcyk has more than 10 years of experience as a biostatistician conducting clinical research and providing support to data safety monitoring boards in the pharmaceutical industry. Dr. Kowalcyk’s research interests include linking public health information with data from across the food system to enhance the understanding of foodborne disease epidemiology, supporting the development of evidence-informed policies and practices that prevent foodborne illness, and changing behaviors around food safety across the food system.

Shiriki K. Kumanyika, Ph.D., M.S., M.P.H., is a Research Professor in the Department of Community Health & Prevention at the Dornsife School of Public Health at Drexel University and an Emeritus Professor of epidemiology at the University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine. She founded and chairs the Council on Black Health, formerly the African American Collaborative Obesity Research Network, which now has its national office at the Dornsife School. Elected to the National Academy of Medicine in 2003, Dr. Kumanyika is a member of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Roundtable on Obesity Solutions and the Steering Committee for the Vital Directions initiative and has

chaired or served on several other National Academies committees. She currently chairs the Food and Nutrition Board. Dr. Kumanyika served on two U.S. Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committees and on the World Cancer Research Fund International Expert Panel on Diet, Nutrition, and Cancer Prevention and is Past President of the American Public Health Association. Her current service includes membership on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Task Force on Community Preventive Services, the World Health Organization Nutrition Guidance Expert Advisory Group Subgroup on Diet and Health, and the Lancet Commission on Obesity. Dr. Kumanyika has a Ph.D. in human nutrition from Cornell University, an M.S. in social work from Columbia University, and an M.P.H. from Johns Hopkins University.

Alice H. Lichtenstein, D.Sc., is the Stanley N. Gershoff Professor of Nutrition Science and Policy in the Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy and the Director and a Senior Scientist of the Cardiovascular Nutrition Laboratory at the Jean Mayer USDA [U.S. Department of Agriculture] Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, both at Tufts University. Dr. Lichtenstein has broad expertise in nutrition and cardiovascular disease risk reduction. She previously served as a member of the 2000 and Vice-Chair of the 2015 Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee, and as a member of the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Dietary Reference Intake Panel on Macronutrients. Dr. Lichtenstein recently served as the Vice-Chair of the IOM Committee on Examination of Front-of-Package Nutrition Rating System and Symbols, a member of the IOM Committee on the Consequences of Sodium Reduction in Populations, the Vice-Chair of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Guideline on the Treatment of Blood Cholesterol to Reduce Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Risk in Adults expert panel, a member of the American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology Guideline on Lifestyle Management to Reduce Cardiovascular Risk expert work group, and most recently as a member of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s panel for the Review of Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium. Dr. Lichtenstein received her B.S. from Cornell University in human nutrition, M.S. from The Pennsylvania State University in nutrition, M.S. and D.Sc. from the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health in nutritional biochemistry, and postdoctoral training at the Cardiovascular Institute at Boston University School of Medicine.

Bernadette M. Marriott, Ph.D., is a Professor Emeritus in the Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine and Military Division, Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of South Carolina. Dr. Marriott has more than 40 years of experience in the fields of nutrition,

psychology, and comparative medicine with expertise in diet, nutrition, and chronic disease. Dr. Marriott has worked in scientific and administrative settings in the federal government, universities, research institutes, and foundations. She served as the Deputy Director of the Food and Nutrition Board; the founding Director of the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health; the Vice Provost and the Graduate Dean at Northern Arizona University; the Vice President at RTI International, the Burroughs Wellcome Fund, and the Samueli Institute; and a Principal Associate at Abt Associates. Her research has focused on both human and animal nutrition and related behavior. She has conducted large-scale clinical studies as well as nutritional epidemiology research. She has published extensively, has been on a number of national committees and university and nonprofit scientific advisory boards, and is a frequent speaker on diet, dietary supplements, and health. She is currently a member of the Food and Nutrition Board. Dr. Marriott has a B.Sc. in biology/immunology from Bucknell University, a Ph.D. in psychology from King’s College, University of Aberdeen, Scotland, and postgraduate training in trace mineral nutrition, comparative medicine, and advanced statistics.

Susan T. Mayne, Ph.D., is the Director of the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN) at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In this position, Dr. Mayne leads the center’s development and implementation of programs and policies related to the composition, quality, safety, and labeling of foods, food and color additives, and cosmetics. CFSAN also oversees diet and health initiatives, which include fostering the development of healthier foods and ensuring that consumers have access to accurate and useful information to make healthy food choices. An internationally recognized public health leader and scientist, she came to FDA from Yale University, where she was the C.-E.A. Winslow Professor of Epidemiology. Her distinguished career there included two leadership positions: the Chair of the Department of Chronic Disease Epidemiology and an Associate Director of the Yale Cancer Center. Dr. Mayne has conducted extensive research into the complex role of food, nutrition, and other health behaviors as determinants of health and chronic disease risk. She is author or co-author of more than 200 scientific publications. She completed two consecutive terms on the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine and a 5-year term on the Board of Scientific Counselors for the National Cancer Institute. She currently serves on Food and Nutrition Board’s Food Forum. Dr. Mayne received a B.A. in chemistry from the University of Colorado and she earned her Ph.D. in nutritional sciences, with minors in biochemistry and toxicology, from Cornell University.

Linda D. Meyers, Ph.D., is the former Director of the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) at the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Earlier in her career she directed the FNB’s international nutrition program. She has also served as a scientific consultant to the National Institutes of Health’s Office of Dietary Supplements; the Senior Science Advisor for the American Society for Nutrition (ASN); and the Senior Nutrition Advisor, the Deputy Director, and the Acting Director of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Dr. Meyers is the recipient of the Surgeon General’s Medallion; the Secretary’s Distinguished Service Award for Healthy People 2010; the ASN’s Conrad A. Elvehjem Award for Public Service in Nutrition; the Institute of Medicine’s Cecil Award; and the National Academies’ Group Distinguished Service awards for Dietary Reference Intakes: The Essential Guide to Nutrient Requirements and the Emmy-nominated The Weight of the Nation film series. Dr. Meyers has a B.A. in health and physical education from Goshen College in Indiana, an M.S. in food and nutrition from Colorado State University, and a Ph.D. in human nutrition from Cornell University. She is an ASN fellow.

Alana Moshfegh, M.S., R.D., is the Research Leader, Food Surveys Research Group at the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center for the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), a position she has held since 1994. She leads a staff including nutritionists, food technologists, and statisticians in planning and directing a national program of research in monitoring food consumption behavior and assessing nutritional adequacy of American diets. Her research interests and responsibilities focus on food consumption behavior and nutritional adequacy of American diets, food and nutrition policy, and dietary guidelines. Ms. Moshfegh is responsible for directing What We Eat in America, the dietary interview component of the U.S. government’s primary health survey—the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. For that program, she directed the development and validation of USDA’s Automated Multiple-Pass Method, a 5-step 24-hour dietary recall system that is used in What We Eat in America. What We Eat in America has been in continuous data collection since 2002, providing thousands of dietary recalls on the U.S. population. Prior to her position with the Food Surveys Research Group, Ms. Moshfegh served in numerous positions in USDA including Assistant to the Administrator and supervisory nutritionist in the Human Nutrition Information Service, agricultural marketing specialist in the Agricultural Marketing Service, and nutritionist in the Food and Nutrition Service. She has also served as a nutrition statistical consultant to the United States–Saudi Arabian Joint Commission on Economic Cooperation and the JWK International Corporation. She is a

member of the American Society for Nutrition and the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics (AND). She is the Past President of the Virginia Dietetic Association and has served in leadership roles in AND, including member of the AND House of Delegates and officer in the AND Research Dietetics Practice Group. She has published and presented numerous articles and reports on nutrition monitoring, food consumption, and dietary status of Americans. Ms. Moshfegh received her M.S. in nutrition and food service management from the University of Nebraska and her B.S. in nutrition and dietetics from North Dakota State University.

Suzanne Murphy, Ph.D., R.D., is a Researcher Emeritus at the University of Hawaii Cancer Center in Honolulu. Dr. Murphy’s research interests include dietary assessment methodology, food and supplement composition databases, development and use of nutrient standards, and the nutritional epidemiology of chronic diseases. Dr. Murphy is a member of the National Academy of Medicine and was a member of the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) from 2005 to 2011, and the Chair of the FNB from 2012 to 2015. She has served on several Institute of Medicine panels including the Subcommittee on Interpretation and Uses of Dietary Reference Intakes (as the Chair then member); the Subcommittee on Upper Safe Reference Levels of Nutrients (as member); and the Panel on Calcium and Related Nutrients (as member). She chaired the Committee to Review the WIC [Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children] Food Packages and the Committee to Review Child and Adult Care Food Programs, and was a member of the Committee to Review the School Meals Programs. She is a Fellow of the American Society for Nutrition and has received awards from the American Public Health Association, the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, and the American Society for Nutrition. Dr. Murphy earned an M.S. in molecular biology from San Francisco State University and a Ph.D. in nutrition from the University of California, Berkeley.

A. Catharine Ross, Ph.D., is a Professor and the Dorothy Foehr Huck Chair of Nutrition in the Department of Nutritional Sciences at The Pennsylvania State University. As a nutritional biochemist, Dr. Ross has studied cellular factors involved in the biosynthesis and transport of vitamin A molecules. Her focus has been on the interaction of cellular retinoid-binding proteins and enzymes that esterify retinol for transport, storage, and oxidation with the intent to link biochemical findings with nutritional studies to better understand how vitamin A homeostasis is regulated by dietary status and metabolic conditions. She also investigates the role of retinoids in immune function, principally antibody production. She currently serves as the Editor-in-Chief of The Journal of Nutrition. Dr. Ross has received

numerous awards, including the Mead-Johnson Award and the Osborne and Mendel Award from the American Society for Nutrition. She is active within a range of professional societies, including the American Association of Immunologists, Sigma Xi, and the American Physiological Society, and has served on a number of committees for the American Society for Nutrition and the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology. Dr. Ross is a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science and a member of the National Academy of Sciences. She recently chaired the Committee on Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin D and Calcium and has served on the Food and Nutrition Board (FNB), the Panel on Micronutrients for the Dietary Reference Intakes, and the Committee on Opportunities in the Nutrition of Food Sciences. She is a current member of the FNB. Dr. Ross received her Ph.D. from Cornell University in biochemistry and molecular and cell biology.

Sylvia Rowe, M.A.T., is currently the President of SR Strategy, which addresses the science to communications to policy continuum on a broad range of global food system issues including agriculture, food, nutrition and sustainability. She is also an Adjunct Professor at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and the Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy. Ms. Rowe is currently the Chair of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Health and Medicine Division’s Food Forum, a member of the Food and Nutrition Board, and the Roundtable on Obesity Solutions. She also served on the National Academies’ Science of Science Communications: A Research Agenda Consensus Committee. Ms. Rowe is a Contributing Editor and a columnist of Nutrition Today, serves on the Tufts Nutrition Advisory Council, and has been recognized as an Honorary Member of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics. Previously Ms. Rowe served as the President and the Chief Executive Officer of the International Food Information Council (IFIC) and IFIC Foundation in Washington, DC. She has served on several Boards and Advisory Committees of the following: the American Heart Association, The Obesity Society, the Food Allergy & Anaphylaxis Network, the American Society for Nutrition, Washington DC Mayor’s Commission on Food and Nutrition, Grains for Health Foundation, University of Rochester Medical Center, the Food and Drug Law Institute, the Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior Foundation, the Maryland Title IX Commission, and the American Society of Association Executives Foundation. She is also a member of the International Women’s Leadership Forum, The National Press Club, and several scientific societies. Ms. Rowe received a bachelor’s degree from Wellesley College and was awarded a master’s degree from Harvard University, both with honors.

Robert M. Russell, M.D., is a Professor Emeritus of medicine and nutrition at Tufts University. Dr. Russell has served on many national and international advisory boards, including the U.S. Department of Agriculture Human Investigation Committee (Chairman), the U.S. Food and Drug Administration, U.S. Pharmacopoeia, National Institutes of Health (NIH), the World Health Organization, the United Nations Children’s Fund, and the American Board of Internal Medicine. He has worked on international nutrition programs in several countries, including China, Guatemala, Haiti, Iran, Iraq, the Philippines, and Vietnam. Dr. Russell is a member of numerous professional societies, on the editorial boards of two professional journals, a Past President of the American Society for Nutrition (ASN) and is now the President of the ASN Foundation. Dr. Russell co-edited two editions of Present Knowledge in Nutrition and was the Editor-in-Chief of Nutrition Reviews. Dr. Russell served as a member of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s panels on Folate, Other B Vitamins, and Choline, and as the Chair of the panel on Micronutrients. He was the Chair of the recent Food and Nutrition Board (FNB) committee to review and revise the process for updating the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. He is a National Associate of the National Academies. He is the former Chair of the FNB of the National Academies and is a Fellow of ASN. Dr. Russell has recently worked with the Biomarkers of Nutrition for Development Program of NIH and has served as a board member of the Nestlé and Fetzer Foundations. He presently serves on the board of Haiti Projects. Dr. Russell has received numerous national and international awards for his research on retinoids and carotenoids (Kritchevsky, Atwater, DSM awards), and has authored more than 300 scientific papers and has been the editor/author of 5 books. He received his M.D. from Columbia University.

David Satcher, M.D., Ph.D., is the founding Director and a Senior Advisor for the Satcher Health Leadership Institute at the Morehouse School of Medicine in Atlanta, Georgia. Dr. Satcher is a physician-scientist and a public health administrator with an extensive track record of leadership, research, and community engagement. Dr. Satcher served as the 16th U.S. Surgeon General of the United States (1998–2002) and the 10th Assistant Secretary for Health in the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (1998–2001). He also served as the Director of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and an administrator of the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. Dr. Satcher has held top leadership positions at the Charles R. Drew University of Medicine and Science, Meharry Medical College, and the Morehouse School of Medicine. He has received more than 50 honorary degrees and has received numerous awards from diverse organizations and agencies. He is a Phi Beta Kappa graduate of

Morehouse College and holds an M.D. and a Ph.D. from Case Western Reserve University.

Barbara O. Schneeman, Ph.D., is currently an Emeritus Professor of nutrition at the University of California (UC), Davis. She served as the Higher Education Coordinator at the U.S. Agency for International Development from 2015 to 2016. From 2004 to 2013 she was the Director of the Office of Nutrition, Labeling, and Dietary Supplements at the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). In that position, she oversaw the development of policy and regulations for dietary supplements, labeling, food standards, infant formula, and medical foods and served as U.S. delegate to two Codex committees (Food Labeling and Nutrition and Foods for Special Dietary Uses). From 1976 to 2004, she was a member of the nutrition faculty at UC Davis, where she served in several administrative roles, including the Chair of the Department of Nutrition, the Dean of the College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, and the Associate Vice Provost for University Outreach. She has been a visiting scientist at UC San Francisco and an Assistant Administrator for Nutrition in the Agricultural Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). Professional activities include participation in Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committees; past member of the Food and Nutrition Board of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; member of committees for the National Academies, USDA, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, World Health Organization, the American Society for Nutrition, and the Institute of Food Technologists. She has been the Associate Editor for The Journal of Nutrition and on several editorial boards, including Nutrition Reviews, The Journal of Nutrition, and Journal of Food Science. Her professional honors include Fellow of the American Society for Nutrition, Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, Carl Fellers Award from the Institute of Food Technologists, FDA Commissioner’s Special Citation and the Harvey W. Wiley Medal, FDA Merit Award, the Samuel Cate Prescott Award for research, Future Leader Award, and several honorary lectureships. She is recognized for her work on dietary fiber, gastro-intestinal function, development and use of food-based dietary guidelines, and policy development in food and nutrition. She received her B.S. in food science from UC Davis, Ph.D. in nutrition from UC Berkeley, and postdoctoral training in gastrointestinal physiology at Children’s Hospital Oakland in Oakland, California.

Patrick Stover, Ph.D., is the Vice Chancellor and the Dean for agriculture and life sciences and also the Director of Texas A&M AgriLife Research. In these roles, he oversees the organization’s teaching, research, extension, and service missions. These vital pursuits are carried out by more than 5,000 employees of the Texas A&M System’s statewide agricultural

agencies—Texas A&M AgriLife Research, the Texas A&M AgriLife Extension Service, the Texas A&M Forest Service, and the Texas A&M Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory—as well as the Texas A&M University College of Agriculture & Life Sciences. As the Dean of the College, Dr. Stover leads more than 7,800 students and 400 faculty members in 14 academic departments. Dr. Stover sees the greatest opportunities for transformational advances at the borders among disciplines, such as human and animal health, environmental sustainability, economic development, and social welfare. These opportunities provide incentives to strengthen collaboration across the agency’s research faculty; among its research, extension, service, and education programs; and with external partners all over the world. Strong collaborations and the new ideas and technologies they generate maximize the impact of AgriLife’s work. Dr. Stover’s dedication to land-grant universities stems from his upbringing in rural Pennsylvania. A first-generation college student, Dr. Stover graduated from Saint Joseph’s University with a bachelor’s degree in chemistry, went on to earn a doctorate in biochemistry and molecular biophysics from the Medical College of Virginia in the Virginia Commonwealth University, and then completed his postdoctoral studies in nutritional sciences at the University of California, Berkeley.

Stephen L. Taylor, Ph.D., is the founding Director (retired) of the Food Allergy Research and Resource Program, and is a Professor Emeritus with the Department of Food Science and Technology at the University of Nebraska–Lincoln. His research interests involve food allergies and allergy-like illnesses including the development, evaluation, and improvement of immunochemical methods for the detection of allergens and allergenic foods; the determination of threshold doses for allergenic foods and implementation of risk assessment approaches for allergenic foods; and the effect of food processing on food allergens. Dr. Taylor has served on several Institute of Medicine committees and was a member of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine’s Food and Nutrition Board (1999–2004). He received his B.S. and M.S. in food science and technology from Oregon State University and his Ph.D. in biochemistry from the University of California, Davis.