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1 Different models of airport law enforcement have varying operating characteristics, with unique needs and outcomes affecting both airport operators and users. A lack of familiarity with these characteristics, needs, and potential outcomes not only can result in a lack of efficiency or effectiveness by the airport but also can have economic, legal, or social conse- quences. This synthesis is intended to provide a concise body of knowledge to assist airport management, operators, researchers, and users by detailing the varying types of law enforce- ment models available to them. This studyâs objective is to aggregate and document the literature, practices, and experience of U.S. airportsâ law enforcement practices and models. Law enforcement refers to the upholding of laws and protection of persons and property on and around airport property. The types of airport law enforcement models include airport police, city police, county sheriffs, departments of public safety (DPSs), and state police. Many airports operate by using layers of law enforcement responses composed of more than one law enforcement model. This report is designed to serve as a source of information for both airport policymakers and operators who need information on airportsâ law enforcement models and practices. Selected case examples are included to illustrate and expand on airport operatorsâ experi- ences in safely accommodating property users. This report helps airport operators and law enforcement better understand the various types of law enforcement models and their implications for use in various contexts, and it provides chapters about each of the law enforcement models, with initial chapters serving as a foundation for understanding the general overview of law enforcement models in the United States. This report is composed of both an in-depth and iterative literature review of academic, professional, and news sources and the administration of a reviewed and pilot-tested survey of airport management and security personnel. Resources are provided in the References section of the report for readers seeking additional information. Airport management and law enforcement personnel self-selected to communicate with the survey team and to participate in the survey, resulting in 100% participation. S U M M A R Y Models for Law Enforcement at Airports
