Planning and Implementing Multimodal, Integrated Corridor Management: Guidebook (2020)

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

NCHRP Web-Only Document 287: Planning and Implementing Multimodal, Integrated Corridor Management: Guidebook Kevin T. Miller Kapsch TrafficCom McLean, VA In association with Vassili Alexiadis Alice Chu Cambridge Systematics Oakland, CA Joel Ticatch Aafiya Shah Kapsch TrafficCom Rockville, MD Alyssa Phaneuf Tiffany Huang Kimley-Horn and Associates, Inc. Los Angeles, CA Contractor’s Final Report for NCHRP Project 03-131 Submitted May 2020 NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Systematic, well-designed, and implementable research is the most effective way to solve many problems facing state departments of transportation (DOTs) administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local or regional interest and can best be studied by state DOTs individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation results in increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. Recognizing this need, the leadership of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in 1962 initiated an objective national highway research program using modern scientific techniques—the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). NCHRP is supported on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of AASHTO and receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), United States Department of Transportation, under Agreement No. 693JJ31950003. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply TRB, AASHTO, FAA, FHWA, FTA, GHSA, NHTSA, or TDC endorsement of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. DISCLAIMER The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this report are those of the researchers who performed the research. They are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; the FHWA; or the program sponsors. The information contained in this document was taken directly from the submission of the author(s). This material has not been edited by TRB.

The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, non- governmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. John L. Anderson is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org. The Transportation Research Board is one of seven major programs of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. The mission of the Transportation Research Board is to provide leadership in transportation improvements and innovation through trusted, timely, impartial, and evidence-based information exchange, research, and advice regarding all modes of transportation. The Board’s varied activities annually engage about 8,000 engineers, scientists, and other transportation researchers and practitioners from the public and private sectors and academia, all of whom contribute their expertise in the public interest. The program is supported by state transportation departments, federal agencies including the component administrations of the U.S. Department of Transportation, and other organizations and individuals interested in the development of transportation. Learn more about the Transportation Research Board at www.TRB.org.

C O O P E R A T I V E R E S E A R C H P R O G R A M S CRP STAFF FOR NCHRP WEB-ONLY DOCUMENT 287 Christopher J. Hedges, Director, Cooperative Research Programs Lori L. Sundstrom, Deputy Director, Cooperative Research Programs Ann M. Hartell, Senior Program Officer Jarrel McAfee, Senior Program Assistant Eileen P. Delaney, Director of Publications Natalie Barnes, Associate Director of Publications Jennifer J. Weeks, Publishing Projects Manager NCHRP PROJECT 03-131 PANEL Field of Traffic—Area of Operations and Control Nicholas Compin, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, CA (Chair) John L. Hibbard, Georgia Department of Transportation, Atlanta, GA Susan Boot, Ontario Ministry of Transportation, Downsview, ON Wei (David) Fan, University of North Carolina, Charlotte, Charlotte, NC Qing He, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY Jamie M. Kendrick, Sabra & Associates, Columbia, MD Khang M. Nguyen, Houston Public Works, Houston, TX Marco Pereira, Massachusetts Department of Transportation, East Boston, MA Jon T. Obenberger, FHWA Liaison William B. Anderson, TRB Liaison Richard A. Cunard, TRB Liaison .

Contents CHAPTER 1 - GETTING STARTED: USING THE GUIDANCE DOCUMENT .................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................................................. 1 WHAT IS ICM? ............................................................................................................................................................. 1 WHY CONSIDER ICM? .................................................................................................................................................... 1 WHO SHOULD USE THIS GUIDEBOOK? ................................................................................................................................ 2 HOW SHOULD THIS GUIDEBOOK BE USED? .......................................................................................................................... 2 HOW WAS THIS GUIDEBOOK DEVELOPED? .......................................................................................................................... 3 RESEARCH OBJECTIVES .................................................................................................................................................... 3 CHAPTER 2 - INTEGRATED CORRIDOR MANAGEMENT ........................................................................................... 5 OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................................................................... 5 ICM OPERATIONAL PHILOSOPHY ...................................................................................................................................... 5 BACKGROUND ON PLANNING FOR ICM .............................................................................................................................. 8 The “V-Diagram” Systems Engineering Process ................................................................................................... 8 ICM PLANNING AND DEPLOYMENT FRAMEWORK ................................................................................................................ 8 SYSTEMS ENGINEERING MANAGEMENT PLAN .................................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER 3 - PRE-ASSESSING INTEGRATED CORRIDOR MANAGEMENT ................................................................ 13 OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................................................................. 13 STEPS IN THE PRE-ASSESSMENT ...................................................................................................................................... 13 Step 1 – Broadly Identify the Project Corridor .................................................................................................... 13 Step 2 – ICM Reality Check: Determine Whether ICM is a Candidate Solution for the Corridor ........................ 13 Step 3 – Identify Regional Partners and Stakeholders ....................................................................................... 14 Step 4 – Begin Profiling the Project Corridor ...................................................................................................... 14 Step 5 – Conduct a Preliminary Maturity Capability Assessment for the Corridor ............................................. 15 Step 6 – Determine Whether to Move Forward with the ICM Project ............................................................... 15 BENCHMARKING COSTS ................................................................................................................................................. 15 “REALITY CHECK” – A PROCESS FOR CONFIRMING THAT A CORRIDOR IS READY FOR ICM .......................................................... 16 CHAPTER 4 - PLANNING FOR INTEGRATED CORRIDOR MANAGEMENT ................................................................ 18 OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................................................................. 18 TASK 1 – IDENTIFY AND DIAGNOSE PROBLEM .................................................................................................................... 21 Major Issues and Challenges .............................................................................................................................. 21 Potential Solutions ............................................................................................................................................. 22 Corridor and Segment Identification .................................................................................................................. 25 Corridor and Segment Data Collection ............................................................................................................... 27 Corridor and Segment Evaluation ...................................................................................................................... 28 Task 1 Checklist .................................................................................................................................................. 30 TASK 2 – ESTABLISH ICM OBJECTIVES AND SCALE .............................................................................................................. 30 Major Issues and Challenges .............................................................................................................................. 31 Potential Solutions ............................................................................................................................................. 31 Task 2 Checklist .................................................................................................................................................. 35 TASK 3 – DETERMINE POTENTIAL PARTNERS ..................................................................................................................... 35 Major Issues and Challenges .............................................................................................................................. 35 Potential Solutions ............................................................................................................................................. 35 End-User Decision Makers .................................................................................................................................. 36 Operations-Level Decision Makers ..................................................................................................................... 36 Program-Level Decision Makers ......................................................................................................................... 36 Stakeholders of Interest ..................................................................................................................................... 37

Task 3 Checklist .................................................................................................................................................. 39 TASK 4 – ENGAGE POTENTIAL PARTNERS .......................................................................................................................... 39 Major Issues and Challenges .............................................................................................................................. 39 Potential Solutions ............................................................................................................................................. 40 Major Freeway Incident: Response Plan without ICM ....................................................................................... 40 Major Freeway Incident: Response Plan with ICM ............................................................................................. 40 Benefits of Participation ..................................................................................................................................... 41 Benefits for Corridor Operators .......................................................................................................................... 41 Benefits for Stakeholder Groups ........................................................................................................................ 42 Mutual Benefits .................................................................................................................................................. 43 Task 4 Checklist .................................................................................................................................................. 50 TASK 5 – ASSESS POTENTIAL PARTNERS’ NEEDS................................................................................................................. 50 Major Issues and Challenges .............................................................................................................................. 50 Potential Solutions ............................................................................................................................................. 50 Task 5 Checklist .................................................................................................................................................. 54 TASK 6 – DEVELOP ICM CONCEPT OF OPERATIONS ............................................................................................................ 54 Major Issues and Challenges .............................................................................................................................. 54 Potential Solutions ............................................................................................................................................. 55 Task 6 Checklist .................................................................................................................................................. 65 TASK 7 – DESIGNATE PERFORMANCE METRICS .................................................................................................................. 65 Major Issues and Challenges .............................................................................................................................. 65 Potential Solutions ............................................................................................................................................. 66 Task 7 Checklist .................................................................................................................................................. 69 TASK 8 – ASSESS BENEFITS OF THE PLANNED ICM DEPLOYMENT .......................................................................................... 69 Major Issues and Challenges .............................................................................................................................. 69 Potential Solutions ............................................................................................................................................. 70 Data Collection ................................................................................................................................................... 72 Tools for ICM AMS .............................................................................................................................................. 72 Task 8 Checklist .................................................................................................................................................. 75 TASK 9 – INITIATE FORMAL AGREEMENTS ......................................................................................................................... 75 Major Issues and Challenges .............................................................................................................................. 76 Potential Solutions ............................................................................................................................................. 76 Task 9 Checklist .................................................................................................................................................. 87 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ......................................................................................................................................... 87 Lessons Learned and Best Practices ................................................................................................................... 87 “Reality Check” – A Process for Confirming that all Intended Elements in the Phase Have Been Accomplished ........................................................................................................................................................................... 88 CHAPTER 5 - PLANNING FOR THE TECHNICAL COMPONENTS OF INTEGRATED CORRIDOR MANAGEMENT .......... 91 OVERVIEW.................................................................................................................................................................. 91 TECHNICAL COMPONENTS AND ARCHITECTURES FOR ICM SYSTEM ........................................................................................ 91 Sample ICM Architectures .................................................................................................................................. 92 User Interface ..................................................................................................................................................... 94 Decision Support System (DSS) ........................................................................................................................... 94 Integrated Data Exchange ................................................................................................................................. 97 Business Intelligence .......................................................................................................................................... 97 DESIGN PROCESS FOR ICM ............................................................................................................................................ 98 Review System Architecture ............................................................................................................................... 98 Develop and Analyze Design Alternatives .......................................................................................................... 98 Identify Product Interfaces ................................................................................................................................. 98 Develop Build/ Buy/Reuse Options ..................................................................................................................... 98 Update Requirements Traceability Matrix (RTM) for System Requirements ..................................................... 99 Preliminary Design Review (PDR) ....................................................................................................................... 99

Update Preliminary Design Document ............................................................................................................... 99 Baseline Design and Bill of Materials ................................................................................................................. 99 SYSTEM GAPS ............................................................................................................................................................. 99 Major Issues and Challenges .............................................................................................................................. 99 System Gap Checklist ......................................................................................................................................... 99 Potential Solutions ........................................................................................................................................... 100 IMPLEMENTATION PLANNING ....................................................................................................................................... 100 Major Issues and Challenges ............................................................................................................................ 101 Design and Development Planning Checklist ................................................................................................... 103 Potential Solutions ........................................................................................................................................... 103 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................................... 105 CHAPTER 6 - PLANNING FOR OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE OF AN INTEGRATED CORRIDOR MANAGEMENT SYSTEM .............................................................................................................................................................. 106 OVERVIEW................................................................................................................................................................ 106 ICM OPERATIONS START-UP........................................................................................................................................ 106 Major Issues and Challenges ............................................................................................................................ 106 Potential Solutions ........................................................................................................................................... 106 STAFFING ................................................................................................................................................................. 106 Major Issues and Challenges ............................................................................................................................ 106 Potential Solutions ........................................................................................................................................... 106 OPERATIONS PLAN ..................................................................................................................................................... 107 Major Issues and Challenges ............................................................................................................................ 107 Potential Solutions ........................................................................................................................................... 107 MEDIA COMMUNICATION ........................................................................................................................................... 107 Major Issues and Challenges ............................................................................................................................ 108 Potential Solutions ........................................................................................................................................... 108 POST-DEPLOYMENT AGREEMENTS ................................................................................................................................ 108 Major Issues and Challenges ............................................................................................................................ 109 Potential Solutions ........................................................................................................................................... 109 MONITORING ............................................................................................................................................................ 109 Major Issues and Challenges ............................................................................................................................ 111 Potential Solutions ........................................................................................................................................... 111 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION ....................................................................................................................................... 111

List of Figures Figure 1. Levels of Integration ...................................................................................................................................... 7 Figure 2. “V-Diagram” Guidance Approach .................................................................................................................. 8 Figure 3. Integrated Corridor Management Implementation Process Phases ............................................................. 9 Figure 4. Planning and Concept Phase Main Tasks ..................................................................................................... 19 Figure 5. Various Operational Conditions ................................................................................................................... 23 Figure 6. Visualizing Operational Conditions in the Seattle I5 Corridor ..................................................................... 24 Figure 7. Using Volumes, Lane Counts, and Major Junctions to Split SR 22 into Logical Analysis Segments ............. 27 Figure 8. Example Traffic and Incident Heat Maps (or Contour Plots) to Inform Identification of Suitable Corridor Break Points ........................................................................................................................................................ 27 Figure 9. Partial Graphical Summary of One Segment from a Detailed, Data-Driven Prioritization Exercise Spanning 100 Corridors ...................................................................................................................................................... 29 Figure 10. Examples of Stakeholders at Each Decision Maker Level .......................................................................... 38 Figure 11. San Diego I-15 ICM High-Level Architecture Diagram ............................................................................... 62 Figure 12. Main Objectives of Various Stakeholder Groups ....................................................................................... 68 Figure 13. Integrated Corridor Management Analysis, Modeling, and Simulation Worksteps .................................. 71 Figure 14. Network Detail Examples for Different Model Types ................................................................................ 73 Figure 15. ICM Technical Solution Components ......................................................................................................... 91 Figure 16. ICM Modal Traffic Management System of Systems ................................................................................. 92 Figure 17. ICM System Integration ............................................................................................................................. 93 Figure 18. Modal Integration for ICM ......................................................................................................................... 93 Figure 19. Dallas ICM DSS Process .............................................................................................................................. 95 Figure 20. I-15 ICM Concept ....................................................................................................................................... 96 Figure 21. Integrated Corridor Management Implementation Process Phases ....................................................... 102 Figure 22. Response Plans Implemented during the Demonstration Phase by Direction and Location. ................. 110 Figure 23. Response Plan Recommendations during Demonstration ...................................................................... 111

List of Tables Table 1. Where to Find ICM Information in this Guidebook ......................................................................................... 2 Table 2. Topic Areas and Corresponding Guidebook Chapters .................................................................................... 3 Table 3. Levels of Integration........................................................................................................................................ 5 Table 4. ICM Implementation Process Activities for the Planning and Concept Phase ................................................ 9 Table 5. ICM Benchmark Cost Guidance ..................................................................................................................... 16 Table 6. Pre-Assessment Task Checklist ..................................................................................................................... 16 Table 7. Planning and Concept Phase Task Checklist.................................................................................................. 20 Table 8. Sample Criteria and Considerations for Corridor Segmentation .................................................................. 26 Table 9. Summary of High-Level Active Traffic Management Screening Results for Eight Major Freeway Corridors in LA ........................................................................................................................................................................ 30 Table 10. ICM Goals and Objectives ........................................................................................................................... 32 Table 11. Integrated Corridor Management Roles by Type of Decision Maker ......................................................... 35 Table 12. Examples of Stakeholder Concerns ............................................................................................................. 44 Table 13. Communication Strategies for Bicyclists and Pedestrians .......................................................................... 48 Table 14. Example Goals and Objectives of Different Stakeholder Groups ................................................................ 51 Table 15. Examples of Mitigating Stakeholder Concerns ........................................................................................... 52 Table 16. Potential ICM Strategies ............................................................................................................................. 55 Table 17. Transit incident response plan .................................................................................................................... 63 Table 18. Freeway Performance Measure Examples .................................................................................................. 67 Table 19. Example Data Requirements for Analysis, Modeling, and Simulation ........................................................ 72 Table 20. Planning and Concept Phase Task Checklist ............................................................................................... 88

x Abbreviations and Acronyms AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ADA Americans with Disabilities Act AMS Analysis, Modeling, and Simulation ATCMTD Advanced Transportation and Congestion Management Technologies Deployment ATIS Advanced Traveler Information System ATMS Advanced Transportation Management System AVL Automatic Vehicle Location AWIS Automated Work Zone Information System BoM Bill of Materials BRT Bus Rapid Transit BUILD Infrastructure for Rebuilding America C2C Center-to-Center CAD Computer Aided Dispatch CCTV Closed-Circuit Television CMAQ Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality (Program) CMM Capability Maturity Model CMS Changeable Message Sign CO Carbon Monoxide ConOps Concept of Operations DART Dallas Area Rapid Transit DMS Dynamic Message Sign DOT Department of Transportation DSS Decision Support System EV Emergency Vehicle FDOT Florida Department of Transportation FHWA Federal Highway Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration FTE Full-Time Equivalent GIS Geographic Information Systems GPS Global Positioning System GUI Graphical User Interface HAZMAT Hazardous Materials HOV High-Occupancy Vehicle ICM Integrated Corridor Management ICMS Integrated Corridor Management System ICT Information and Communications Technologies IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers IGA Intergovernmental Agreement IMTMS Intermodal Transportation Management System IoT Internet of Things ITS Intelligent Transportation System

xi KSA Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities MaaS Mobility-as-a-Service MOU Memorandum of Understanding MPO Metropolitan Planning Organization NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NCTCOG North Central Texas Council of Governments NITTEC Niagara International Transportation Technology Coalition NOx Nitrous Oxide NPS Network Prediction System NTCIP National Transportation Communications for Intelligent Transportation System Protocol O&M Operations and Maintenance PDR Preliminary Design Review PIO Public Information Officer PMP Project Management Plan PSR Present Serviceability Rating RMS Ramp Meter Stations RTM Requirements Traceability Matrix RTMS Regional Transit Management System RTPO Regional Transportation Planning Organizations RTSS Real-Time Simulation System SANDAG San Diego Association of Governments SEMP Systems Engineering Management Plan SOV Single Occupancy Vehicle STIP Statewide Transportation Improvement Program TIM Traffic Incident Management TIP Transportation Improvement program TMC Transportation Management Center TMDD Traffic Management Data Dictionary TMS Transportation Management System TRB Transportation Research Board TSMO Transportation Systems Management and Operations TSP Transit Signal Priority TxDOT Texas Department of Transportation USDOT United States Department of Transportation VOC Volatile Organic Compounds VSL Variable Speed Limit XML Extensible Markup Language