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A Review of Methods for Detecting Soreness in Horses (2021)

Chapter: Appendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. A Review of Methods for Detecting Soreness in Horses. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25949.
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Appendix A

Biographical Sketches of Committee Members

Jerry Black, D.V.M. (Chair), is a visiting professor in the School of Veterinary Medicine at Texas Tech University and an emeritus professor in the Department of Animal Sciences, College of Agriculture Sciences, Colorado State University (CSU). As emeritus professor, he is the holder of the Wagonhound Land and Livestock Chair and the director of equine sciences at CSU. Dr. Black obtained his D.V.M. from CSU in 1971. After graduation and prior to joining the CSU faculty in 2010, Dr. Black served as a senior clinician at Pioneer Equine Hospital, Inc., in Oakdale, California (1973–2010); as a resident veterinarian at Valley Oak Ranch in Oakdale, California (1995–2010); and as a college instructor (1974–1988) and a visiting instructor at the University of California, Davis (1993–2010). Dr. Black has also served as a principal investigator or co-principal investigator in a number of research studies since 1979; he has 38 years of experience in applied clinical investigation in equine veterinary medicine. He is a member of several professional societies and associations and has held numerous professional positions, including president of the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP; 2002); president of the Pacific Coast Cutting Horse Association (1997–1999, 2006); chair of the board of trustees of the American Horse Council (2003–2018); member of the American Quarter Horse Association Animal Welfare Commission (2012–present); and chair of the medication review committee of the National Cutting Horse Association (2011–present). Dr. Black is a member of the U.S. Equestrian Federation (USEF) and was a USEF-approved official show veterinarian from 1985 to 2016. He served as an approved official veterinarian in jumping, dressage, eventing, combined driving, and reigning for the International Federation for Equestrian Sports from 1985 to 2014 and was an Olympic veterinarian (on-call veterinarian during equestrian events) for the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, California. He has been invited to speak at various professional conferences and conventions in the United States and in Mexico, New Zealand, and Argentina and to conduct in-depth seminars on various topics, including hind limb lameness of the Western performance horse, diagnosis and treatment of distal forelimb lameness, and practical considerations for the use of intra-articular medications, at numerous veterinary conventions in the United States. In 2001 Dr. Black received the Pacific Coast Cutting Horse Association’s Ed Smith Memorial Award for his dedication and service to the cutting horse industry on the Pacific Coast; in 2006 he received the California Veterinary Medical Association’s Dan Evans Memorial Award for significant contributions to the practice of equine veterinary medicine, to the profession, and to his community; and he was inducted into the Pacific Coast Cutting Horse Association Hall of Fame in the same year. He received the AAEP Distinguished Life Member Award in 2010 and the Colorado State University Distinguished Alumni Award, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biological Sciences, in 2011.

Robin Foster, Ph.D., is a certified horse behavior consultant with the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants, a Certified Applied Animal Behaviorist (CAAB) with the Animal Behavior Society, and a Fear-Free Certified Professional. She holds a Ph.D. in animal behavior from the University of Washington and a dual B.S. in biology and psychology from the University of Michigan. Her practical experience with animals includes working as a full-time animal care officer for the Humane Society and as a stable groom and trainer's assistant at Emerald Downs, showing dogs in conformation, and owning and breeding thoroughbred racehorses. As a full professor at the University of Puget Sound, she conducted research in

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. A Review of Methods for Detecting Soreness in Horses. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25949.
×

animal learning and social behavior and taught courses in learning and behavior, animal communication, behavior genetics, and research methods and applied statistics. Dr. Foster has also served as chair of the psychology department, co-director of the neuroscience program, and chair of the institutional animal care and use committee. Although she retired from full-time teaching in 2011, she continues to be active in scholarly work and currently holds positions as a research professor in psychology at the University of Puget Sound and an affiliate professor at the University of Washington, where she currently teaches a course in zoo animal behavior. Dr. Foster is also the current chair of the Applied Animal Behavior Committee, the CAAB-certifying body of the Animal Behavior Society, and a board member of the International Association of Animal Behavior Consultants. Her research for the past decade has focused on horses, with a mission to promote equine welfare and improve horse–human interactions. Dr. Foster's articles and commentaries on equine behavior are regularly published in The Horse.

Pamela Eve Ginn, D.V.M., Dipl. ACVP, is an associate professor and senior pathologist at the Department of Comparative Diagnostic and Population Medicine at the University of Florida (UF) College of Veterinary Medicine in Gainesville. She received her D.V.M. from Colorado State University in 1983 and was a small-animal practitioner for 7 years (1983–1990) before accepting a residency in anatomic pathology at the UF College of Veterinary Medicine (1990–1993). In 1993 Dr. Ginn joined the UF faculty and became the chief of the surgical pathology service (1993–2003). It was during this time that she developed her interest and expertise in dermatopathology. She has spent most of her career focused on the study of naturally occurring cutaneous disease in animals and teaching students and residents in dermatopathology. In 2012 she was named associate dean for students and instruction at the UF College of Veterinary Medicine, a position she held until 2015. From 2012 to 2017 she served as admissions director for the same college. Dr. Ginn is a member of several professional societies, including the American Veterinary Medical Association and the International Society for Veterinary Dermatopathology, of which she is a founding member. Her awards include the Special Service Award from the University of Florida Alumni Council (2015), the Excellence in Teaching Award from the American College of Veterinary Dermatologists (2011), and the Norden Distinguished Teacher of the Year Award from the UF College of Veterinary Medicine (1998).

Sarah le Jeune, D.V.M., DACVS, DACVSMR, CVA, Cert. Vet. Chiro, is a member of the American College of Veterinary Sports Medicine and Rehabilitation and focuses on the diagnosis and treatment of lameness and various performance-related musculoskeletal injuries with an integrative approach including acupuncture and chiropractic. She is the chief of the Equine Integrative Sports Medicine Service at University of California (UC), Davis. Dr. le Jeune is also a board-certified equine surgeon and has been a member of the UC Davis equine surgery faculty since 2003. She is a certified veterinary acupuncturist with extensive acupuncture training from the Colorado State University and the Chi Institute in Florida. She also obtained certification in veterinary chiropractic from the International Veterinary Chiropractic Association and is certified in veterinary thermographic imaging.

Bart Sutherland, D.V.M., is currently a private-practice large-animal veterinarian in Oxford, Mississippi. In previous years he has also worked for the U.S. Equestrian Federation/American Quarter Horse Association (USEF/AQHA) drug and medication program (2002–2015); as a veterinary medical officer (VMO) with the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) (2010–2018); as a VMO with the USDA Horse Protection Program and Animal Care (2010–2017); and as interim director for the USDA Horse Protection Program (2016). While at USDA, Dr. Sutherland served as lead VMO in USDA team inspections and was responsible for initiating over 400 federal cases for violation of the Horse Protection Act (HPA) in nine states. He led numerous training sessions on HPA for USDA veterinarians and inspectors and horse show managers as well as demonstrations for and discussions with various federal and state delegations. He also served as an Animal Care program inspector for various veterinary and medical colleges and research institutions

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. A Review of Methods for Detecting Soreness in Horses. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25949.
×

to ensure compliance with the Animal Care Act. Throughout his career, Dr. Sutherland has served as an expert witness on cases involving horses, including as an expert witness for the HPA in state and federal criminal and civil courts and as a USDA-designated expert witness for the HPA at USEF administrative hearings. He was a USDA subject-matter expert for the HPA proposed rule change in 2016. Dr. Sutherland is a member of the American Association of Equine Practitioners, American Veterinary Medicine Association, American Academy of Veterinary Consultants, and the advisory board for Christian Veterinary Mission’s V.E.T. Net Mongolia, a nongovernmental organization. He obtained his D.V.M. from Mississippi State University in 1994.

Tracy Turner, D.V.M., DACVS, DACVSMR, is the president and owner of Turner Equine Sports Medicine and Surgery in Stillwater, Minnesota (2016–present). Dr. Turner has over 40 years’ experience as an equine veterinarian and as a farrier. After obtaining his D.V.M. degree from Colorado State University (1978) and his M.S. from Purdue University (1981), Dr. Turner served on the faculty of the University of Illinois in Urbana (assistant professor, 1981–1983); the University of Florida in Gainesville (assistant professor, 1983–1988; associate professor, 1988–1990); and the University of Minnesota, St. Paul (associate professor, 1992–2000; full professor, 2000–2004). He also served as the chief of large-animal surgery at the Veterinary Teaching Hospital at the University of Florida (1984–1985) and at the University of Minnesota (1992–1995; 2001–2003). From 2004 to 2016, Dr. Turner was an associate veterinarian at the Anoka Equine Veterinary Services in Elk River, Minnesota. He also served as a consultant for the U.S. Department of Agriculture Horse Protection Program and a consultant on limb sensitivity for the U.S. Equestrian Federation and the International Federation for Equestrian Sports. He worked at three Pan American Games, one Olympics, and one World Equestrian Games. He has authored 31 book chapters and written more than 100 peer-reviewed publications and hundreds of nonrefereed manuscripts, 90 percent of which are about pain assessment in horses and imaging. Dr. Turner is a member of several professional organizations, including the American Veterinary Medicine Association, the American Association of Equine Practitioners (AAEP), the American Academy of Thermology (AAT), the American Farrier’s Association, and the Minnesota Association of Equine Practitioners (he was also the past president). Currently, he is a member of the board of directors of the AAEP (since 2017) and the AAT (since 2013) and is the current AAT president and is an AAT fellow. In 2004 Dr. Turner was inducted into the International Equine Veterinarians Hall of Fame, which was established in 1997 to honor veterinarians who have contributed to the knowledge and recognition of proper hoof care for horses.

Susan L. White, D.V.M., M.S., Dipl. ACVIM, is the Josiah Meigs Distinguished Professor Emeritus of Large Animal Medicine at the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine. She graduated from the University of California, Davis, School of Veterinary Medicine in 1973. After a period of general large-animal practice, Dr. White completed an internship at Kansas State University School of Veterinary Medicine and a residency in large-animal internal medicine at the University of Georgia College of Veterinary Medicine. She also completed an M.S. in veterinary pathology and is board certified by the American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine. Dr. White spent most of her career as a professor of large-animal medicine at the University of Georgia. She has had a long-standing interest in equine dermatology and has spoken internationally and nationally on equine dermatology over many years and maintains a dermatology consulting service. Dr. White was a member of the American Association of Equine Practitioners task force that wrote the 2008 paper on Tennessee walking horse abuse, detection of soring, and the next steps recommended at that time.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. A Review of Methods for Detecting Soreness in Horses. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25949.
×
Page 87
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. A Review of Methods for Detecting Soreness in Horses. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25949.
×
Page 88
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. A Review of Methods for Detecting Soreness in Horses. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25949.
×
Page 89
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During the last century and today, the Tennessee walking horse has been used primarily for pleasure and show competition. Unique and natural to the breed is a smooth four-beat "running walk" gait. In the 1950s the accentuated or exaggerated running walk, known as the "big lick" became popular at high-level competitions. The combination of exaggerated high-action step in front and long stride behind is still considered desirable in today's horse show competitions, and it is often achieved through soring. Soring is the practice of applying a substance or mechanical device to the lower limb of a horse that will create enough pain that the horse will exaggerate its gait to relieve the discomfort. In 1970 Congress put into law the Horse Protection Act (HPA) to specifically address the practice of soring by prohibiting the showing, exhibition, or sale of Tennessee walking horses that are found to be sore. Sadly, soring is still being done even after 50 years of HPA enforcement.

This report reviews the methods for detecting soreness in horses, in hopes of advancing the goal of ultimately eliminating the act of soring in horses and improving the welfare of Tennessee walking horses. A Review of Methods for Detecting Soreness in Horses examines what is known about the quality and consistency of available methods to identify soreness in horses; identifies potential new and emerging methods, approaches, and technologies for detecting hoof and pastern pain and its causes; and identifies research and technology needs to improve the reliability of methods to detect soreness. This independent study will help ensure that HPA inspection protocols are based on sound scientific principles that can be applied with consistency and objectivity.

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