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Suggested Citation:"Appendixes." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Information Technology Innovation: Resurgence, Confluence, and Continuing Impact. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25961.
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economic disruptions just waiting to happen cannot be predicted today. Without ongoing federal investment in fundamental research there would still be innovation, but the quantity, pace, and the range of new ideas for U.S. industry to draw from would be greatly diminished—as would the flow of people educated at the technological forefront, the most important product of the nation’s research universities.

The lessons of history are clear. A multifaceted partnership among government, industry, and universities made the United States the world leader in IT, and IT has become essential to our economic and social well-being—and national security. The federal government’s sponsorship of fundamental research in IT—largely university based—has been and will continue to be essential. Without committing the resources needed to fuel U.S. IT innovation, the United States risks ceding IT leadership to other nations.

The best way to predict the future is to invent it.

Alan Kay (1971)

Suggested Citation:"Appendixes." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Information Technology Innovation: Resurgence, Confluence, and Continuing Impact. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25961.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendixes." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Information Technology Innovation: Resurgence, Confluence, and Continuing Impact. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25961.
×
Page 98
Suggested Citation:"Appendixes." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Information Technology Innovation: Resurgence, Confluence, and Continuing Impact. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/25961.
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Page 99
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Information technology (IT) is widely understood to be the enabling technology of the 21st century. IT has transformed, and continues to transform, all aspects of our lives: commerce and finance, education, energy, health care, manufacturing, government, national security, transportation, communications, entertainment, science, and engineering. IT and its impact on the U.S. economy—both directly (the IT sector itself) and indirectly (other sectors that are powered by advances in IT)—continue to grow in size and importance.

IT’s impacts on the U.S. economy—both directly (the IT sector itself) and indirectly (other sectors that are powered by advances in IT)—continue to grow. IT enabled innovation and advances in IT products and services draw on a deep tradition of research and rely on sustained investment and a uniquely strong partnership in the United States among government, industry, and universities. Past returns on federal investments in IT research have been extraordinary for both U.S. society and the U.S. economy. This IT innovation ecosystem fuels a virtuous cycle of innovation with growing economic impact.

Building on previous National Academies work, this report describes key features of the IT research ecosystem that fuel IT innovation and foster widespread and longstanding impact across the U.S. economy. In addition to presenting established computing research areas and industry sectors, it also considers emerging candidates in both categories.

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