A Pandemic Playbook for Transportation Agencies (2020)

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© 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. NATIONAL COOPERATIVE HIGHWAY RESEARCH PROGRAM Systematic, well-designed, and implementable research is the most effective way to solve many problems facing state departments of transportation (DOTs) administrators and engineers. Often, highway problems are of local or regional interest and can best be studied by state DOTs individually or in cooperation with their state universities and others. However, the accelerating growth of highway transportation results in increasingly complex problems of wide interest to highway authorities. These problems are best studied through a coordinated program of cooperative research. Recognizing this need, the leadership of the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) in 1962 initiated an objective national highway research program using modern scientific techniques— the National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP). NCHRP is supported on a continuing basis by funds from participating member states of AASHTO and receives the full cooperation and support of the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), United States Department of Transportation, under Agreement No. 693JJ31950003. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply endorsement by TRB and any of its program sponsors of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. DISCLAIMER To facilitate more timely dissemination of research findings, this pre-publication document is taken directly from the submission of the research agency. The material has not been edited by TRB. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this document are those of the researchers who performed the research. They are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; the FHWA; or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board, the National Academies, and the sponsors of the National Cooperative Highway Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report. This pre-publication document IS NOT an official publication of the Cooperative Research Programs; the Transportation Research Board; or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Recommended citation: Matherly, D., P. Bye, and J. Benini. 2020. A Pandemic Playbook for Transportation Agencies. Pre-publication draft of NCHRP Research Report 963 and TCRP Research Report 225. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.

© 2020 National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research for this document was conducted through one or more programs administered by the Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) of the Transportation Research Board (TRB) of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine:  Airport Cooperative Research Program (ACRP) research is sponsored by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA).  National Cooperative Highway Research Program (NCHRP) research is sponsored by the American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO), in cooperation with the Federal Highway Administration (FHWA).  Transit Cooperative Research Program (TCRP) research is sponsored by the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) in cooperation with the Transit Development Corporation. COPYRIGHT INFORMATION Authors herein are responsible for the authenticity of their materials and for obtaining written permissions from publishers or persons who own the copyright to any previously published or copyrighted material used herein. Cooperative Research Programs (CRP) grants permission to reproduce material in this publication for classroom and not-for-profit purposes. Permission is given with the understanding that none of the material will be used to imply endorsement by TRB and any of its program sponsors of a particular product, method, or practice. It is expected that those reproducing the material in this document for educational and not-for-profit uses will give appropriate acknowledgment of the source of any reprinted or reproduced material. For other uses of the material, request permission from CRP. DISCLAIMER To facilitate more timely dissemination of research findings, this pre-publication document is taken directly from the submission of the research agency. The material has not been edited by TRB. The opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this document are those of the researchers who performed the research. They are not necessarily those of the Transportation Research Board; the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine; or the program sponsors. The Transportation Research Board, the National Academies, and the sponsors of the Transit Cooperative Research Program do not endorse products or manufacturers. Trade or manufacturers’ names appear herein solely because they are considered essential to the object of the report. This pre-publication document IS NOT an official publication of the Cooperative Research Programs; the Transportation Research Board; or the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Recommended citation: Matherly, D., P. Bye, and J. Benini. 2020. A Pandemic Playbook for Transportation Agencies. Pre-publication draft of NCHRP Research Report 963 and TCRP Research Report 225. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.

AUTHOR ACKNOWLEDGMENTS The research reported herein was performed under NCHRP Project 20-116 by WSP USA Solutions, Washington, DC. Deborah Matherly, AICP, Principal Planner at WSP, Lexington, SC, was the Principal Investigator. Contributing authors noted on the title page are Patricia Bye, Co-Principal Investigator, Holicong, PA and Janet Benini, Co-Principal Investigator, Washington, DC. Additional contributors of research, interview support, internal reviews and comments, layout and editorial support were Karl Kim and Eric Yamashita, University of Hawaii, National Disaster Preparedness Training Center; William D. Ankner, Transportation Solutions, Baton Rouge, LA; Mark Krentz, Topeka, Kansas; and Michael Meyer, John Gasparine, Zachary Falk, Bryan Kiel, Paul Bonaventura, and Denise Short, WSP, various locations. Quick Response grant researchers are identified in Appendix D. The work was performed under the collaborative direction of the Principal Investigator and Co-Principal Investigators. The research team is deeply indebted to the interviewees from Departments of Transportation, transit agencies, and other organizations who generously donated time and pertinent resources and materials in the midst of their own response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Names and organizations are listed in Appendix C- thank you, again. The team is also grateful to the many individuals and organizations who have been gathering and sharing information throughout this time via articles, webinars, websites, and other media. These include but are not limited to the National Hazards Center, AASHTO, in particular the Committee on Transportation System Security and Resilience (CTSSR) and the Emergency Management Working Group; APTA, Chris Zeilinger of CTAA, FHWA, and FTA. A Pandemic Playbook for Transportation Agencies iii