Assessing NASA's University Leadership Initiative (2020)

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Prepublication Copy – Subject to Further Editorial Correction Assessing NASA’s University Leadership Initiative Committee to Assess NASA’s University Leadership Initiative Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences A Consensus Study Report of PREPUBLICATION COPY – SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION 

THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 This study is based on work supported by Contract NNH16CD01B with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication do not necessarily reflect the views of any agency or organization that provided support for the project. International Standard Book Number-13: XXX-X-XXX-XXXXX-X International Standard Book Number-10: X-XXX-XXXXX-X Digital Object Identifier: https://doi.org/10.17226/25996 Cover: Copies of this publication are available free of charge from Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Keck Center of the National Academies 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001 Additional copies of this publication are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu. Copyright 2020 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America Suggested citation: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2020. Assessing NASA’s University Leadership Initiative. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/10.17226/25996. PREPUBLICATION COPY – SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION 

The National Academy of Sciences was established in 1863 by an Act of Congress, signed by President Lincoln, as a private, nongovernmental institution to advise the nation on issues related to science and technology. Members are elected by their peers for outstanding contributions to research. Dr. Marcia McNutt is president. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to bring the practices of engineering to advising the nation. Members are elected by their peers for extraordinary contributions to engineering. Dr. John L. Anderson is president. The National Academy of Medicine (formerly the Institute of Medicine) was established in 1970 under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences to advise the nation on medical and health issues. Members are elected by their peers for distinguished contributions to medicine and health. Dr. Victor J. Dzau is president. The three Academies work together as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine to provide independent, objective analysis and advice to the nation and conduct other activities to solve complex problems and inform public policy decisions. The National Academies also encourage education and research, recognize outstanding contributions to knowledge, and increase public understanding in matters of science, engineering, and medicine. Learn more about the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine at www.nationalacademies.org. PREPUBLICATION COPY – SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION 

Consensus Study Reports published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine document the evidence-based consensus on the study’s statement of task by an authoring committee of experts. Reports typically include findings, conclusions, and recommendations based on information gathered by the committee and the committee’s deliberations. Each report has been subjected to a rigorous and independent peer-review process and it represents the position of the National Academies on the statement of task. Proceedings published by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine chronicle the presentations and discussions at a workshop, symposium, or other event convened by the National Academies. The statements and opinions contained in proceedings are those of the participants and are not endorsed by other participants, the planning committee, or the National Academies. For information about other products and activities of the National Academies, please visit www.nationalacademies.org/about/whatwedo. PREPUBLICATION COPY – SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION 

COMMITTEE TO ASSESS NASA’S UNIVERSITY LEADERSHIP INITIATIVE PETER SHANNON, Radius Capital, Chair DIANNE CHONG, NAE,1 Boeing (retired) LENORE L. DAI, Arizona State University LISA M. FREHILL, Energetics Technology Center DANIEL E. HASTINGS, NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology RODWARD L. HEWLIN, JR., University of North Carolina, Charlotte MICHAEL J. HIRSCHBERG, Vertical Flight Society YUANWEI JIN, University of Maryland, Eastern Shore MARY ANN LEUNG, Sustainable Horizons Institute SEAN P.R. NOLAN, Pratt & Whitney GBADEBO MOSES OWOLABI, Howard University Staff DWAYNE A. DAY, Senior Program Officer, Study Director COLLEEN HARTMAN, Director, Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board and Space Studies Board MEGAN CHAMBERLAIN, Program Assistant 1 Member, National Academy of Engineering. PREPUBLICATION COPY – SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION v 

AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ENGINEERING BOARD ALAN H. EPSTEIN, NAE,1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chair BRIAN M. ARGROW, University of Colorado, Boulder STEVEN J. BATTEL, NAE, Battel Engineering MEYER J. BENZAKEIN, NAE, Ohio State University EILEEN M. COLLINS, Space Presentations, LLC EDWARD F. CRAWLEY, NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology MICHAEL P. DELANEY, Boeing Commercial Airplanes KAREN FEIGH, Georgia Institute of Technology ILAN KROO, NAE, Stanford University ANDREW LACHER, The Boeing Company NICHOLAS D. LAPPOS, Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin Company MARK J. LEWIS, IDA Science and Technology Policy Institute VALERIE MANNING, Airbus RICHARD MCKINNEY, Consultant PAMELA A. MELROY, Melroy and Hollett Technology Partners, LLC PARVIZ MOIN, NAS2/NAE, Stanford University JOHN M. OLSON, Polaris Industries ELLEN M. PAWLIKOWSKI, NAE, United States Air Force (ret.) ROBIE I. SAMANTA ROY, Lockheed Martin Corporation WANDA A. SIGUR, NAE, Consultant ALAN M. TITLE, NAS/NAE, Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center DAVID M. VAN WIE, NAE, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory SHERRIE L. ZACHARIUS, Aerospace Corporation Staff COLLEEN HARTMAN, Director ANDREA REBHOLZ, Administrative Coordinator TANJA PILZAK, Manager, Program Operations CELESTE A. NAYLOR, Information Management Associate MEG A. KNEMEYER, Financial Officer 1 Member, National Academy of Engineering. 2 Member, National Academy of Sciences. PREPUBLICATION COPY – SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION vi 

Acknowledgment of Reviewers This Consensus Study Report was reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine in making each published report as sound as possible and to ensure that it meets the institutional standards for quality, objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We thank the following individuals for their review of this report: Phillip J. Ansell, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Wes Harris, NAE,1 Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Carole Rickard Hedden, Aviation Week, Shaik Jeelani, Tuskegee University, Nick Lappos, Sikorsky, a Lockheed Martin Company, George T. Ligler, NAE, GTL Associates, Gregory Reich, Air Force Research Laboratory, Anthony Rollett, Carnegie Mellon University, and Nadir Yilmaz, Howard University. Although the reviewers listed above provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations of this report nor did they see the final draft before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Steven J. Battel, NAE, Battel Engineering, Inc. He was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with the standards of the National Academies and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content rests entirely with the authoring committee and the National Academies. 1 Member, National Academy of Engineering. PREPUBLICATION COPY – SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION vii 



Contents SUMMARY 1 1 ASSESSING ULI’S PROGRESS TOWARD MEETING ITS GOALS 6 2 EFFORTS TO INCREASE THE PARTICIPATION OF WOMEN, 12 HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGES AND UNIVERSITIES AND UNDERREPRESENTED AND MINORITY PARTICIPANTS IN ULI 3 OPTIONS TO INCREASE AWARENESS OF ULI AMONG 16 UNIVERSITIES, DEPARTMENTS, AND FACULTY 4 THE AVIATION INDUSTRY’S PERCEPTION OF ULI AND 18 THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF THEIR ROLE AS A ULI TEAM MEMBER 5 IDENTIFY WAYS TO ENCOURAGE ULI PROPOSALS WITH 21 NOT JUST NEW TECHNOLOGIES, BUT ALSO TECHNOLOGIES THAT SUPPORT NEW BUSINESS MODELS IN AVIATION APPENDIXES A Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on ULI Projects 27 B ULI-Funded Projects to Date (Rounds 1-3) 28 C Committee and Staff Biographical Information 32 PREPUBLICATION COPY – SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION ix