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30 Allen, Kate. 2018 [Online]. Strict US Market Rules Limit Corporate Sellers of Green Bonds. Available: https:// www.ft.com/content/baa217c4-157c-11e8-9376-4a6390addb44 [Accessed Oct. 25, 2019]. Amey, Mike. 2018 [Online]. SDG Bonds: Creating a World of Opportunity for Issuers and Investors. Avail- able: https://europe.pimco.com/en-eu/insights/viewpoints/sdg-bonds-creating-a-world-of-opportunity- for-issuers-and-investors [Accessed Oct. 28, 2019]. Australian Securities & Investments Commission. 2011 [Online]. Regulatory Guide 111: Content of Expert Reports. Available: http://download.asic.gov.au/media/1240152/rg111-30032011.pdf [Accessed Oct. 28, 2019]. Bay Area Rapid Transit. 2015 [Online]. BART Strategic Plan Framework. Available: https://www.bart.gov/sites/ default/files/docs/Adopted%20Strategic%20Plan%2020151022.pdf. [Accessed Apr. 12, 2020]. Bay Area Rapid Transit. 2017 [Online]. BART Sustainability Policy. Available: https://www.bart.gov/sites/default/ files/docs/BART%20Sustainability%20Policy%204.27.17.pdf [Accessed Apr. 12, 2020]. BNP Paribas. 2019 [Online]. Transition Bonds—New Funding for a Greener World. Available: https:// cib.bnpparibas.com/documents/markets-360-brief-on-transition-bonds.pdf [Accessed May 3, 2020]. The Bond Buyer. 2019 [Online]. “Deal of the Year 2019—ESG/Green: Los Angeles County Metropolitan Trans- portation Authority.” Available: https://www.bondbuyer.com/video/deal-of-the-year-2019-esg-green-los- angeles-county-metropolitan-transportation-authority. Breen, Scott and Campbell, Catherine. 2017 [Online]. Legal Considerations for a Skyrocketing Green Bond Market. Available: https://www.americanbar.org/groups/environment_energy_resources/publications/ natural_resources_environment/2016-17/winter/legal_considerations_a_skyrocketing_green_bond_market/ [Accessed Oct. 25, 2019]. Buhr, Bob. 2016 [Online]. No Evidence of Green Bonds Outperforming, Says SocGen. Available: https://www. environmental-finance.com/content/news/no-evidence-of-green-bonds-outperforming-says-socgen.html [Accessed Oct. 18, 2019]. Burton, Paul. 2015 [Online]. NY MTA Pursues Green Bonds. Available: https://www.bondbuyer.com/news/ ny-mta-pursues-green-bonds [Accessed Oct. 28, 2019]. California Debt and Investment Advisory Commission. 2019 [Online]. Green Bonds in the Golden State: A Prac- tical Path for Issuers. Available: https://www.treasurer.ca.gov/cdiac/webinars/2019/greenbonds/description. asp [Accessed Jan. 20, 2020]. Chiang, John. 2017 [Online]. Growing the US Green Bond Market Volume 1: The Barriers and Challenges. Avail- able: https://www.treasurer.ca.gov/greenbonds/publications/reports/green_bond_market_01.pdf [Accessed Oct. 17, 2019]. Chiang, John. 2018 [Online]. Growing the US Green Bond Market Volume 2: Actionable Strategies and Solutions. https://www.treasurer.ca.gov/growing-the-US-green-bond-mkt-vol2-final.pdf [Accessed Mar. 20, 2020]. Citi Bank. 2019 [Online]. Citi Green Bond Framework. Available: https://www.citigroup.com/citi/fixedincome/ data/Citi-green-bond-framework.pdf. [Accessed Mar. 24, 2020]. Climate Bonds Initiative. 2016 [Online]. Low Carbon Land Transport and the Climate Bonds Standard. Available: https://www.climatebonds.net/files/files/Low%20Carbon%20Transport%20Background%20Paper%20 Feb%202017.pdf [Accessed Oct. 18, 2019]. Climate Bonds Initiative. 2018a [Online]. Bonds and Climate Change: State of the Market 2018. Available: https://www.climatebonds.net/resources/reports/bonds-and-climate-change-state-market-2018 [Accessed Oct. 17, 2019]. Climate Bonds Initiative. 2018b [Online]. Green Bond Pricing in the Primary Market: October–December 2017. Available: https://www.climatebonds.net/files/reports/greenium_q4-07b.pdf [Accessed Oct. 23, 2019]. Bibliography

Bibliography 31 Climate Bonds Initiative. 2019a [Online]. Green Bonds Market Summary-H1 2019. Available: https:// www.climatebonds.net/resources/reports/green-bonds-market-summary-h1-2019 [Accessed Oct. 17, 2019]. Climate Bonds Initiative. 2019b [Online]. Green Bond Pricing in the Primary Market: July–December 2018. Available: https://www.climatebonds.net/files/reports/cbi_gb_pricing_2h2018_08052019.pdf [Accessed Oct. 18, 2019]. Climate Bonds Initiative. 2019c [Online]. Green Bonds: The State of the Market 2018. Available: https://www. climatebonds.net/resources/reports/green-bonds-state-market-2018 [Accessed Oct. 17, 2019]. Climate Bonds Initiative. 2019d [Online]. Growing Green Bond Markets: The Development of Taxonomies to Identify Green Assets. Available: https://www.climatebonds.net/files/reports/policy_taxonomy_briefing_ conference.pdf [Accessed Oct. 17, 2019]. Climate Bonds Initiative. 2019e [Online]. Labeled Green Bonds Data. Available: https://www.climatebonds.net/ cbi/pub/data/bonds [Accessed Oct. 18, 2019]. Climate Bonds Initiative. 2019f [Online]. Certified Bonds Database. Available: https://www.climatebonds.net/ certification/certified-bonds [Accessed Oct. 21, 2019]. Climate Bonds Initiative. 2020a. [Online]. Green Bonds Market Summary. Available: https://www. climatebonds.net/files/reports/2019_annual_highlights-final.pdf [Accessed Apr. 20, 2020]. Climate Bonds Initiative. 2020b [Online]. Approved Verifiers under the Climate Bonds Standard. Available: https://www.climatebonds.net/certification/approved-verifiers. [Accessed Mar. 24, 2020]. Climate Bonds Initiative. 2020c [Online]. Labelled Green Bonds Data: Last 3 Months. Available: https://www. climatebonds.net/cbi/pub/data/bonds. [Accessed April 2, 2020]. Climate Bonds Initiative. 2020d [Online]. Programmatic Certification—Frequently Asked Questions. Available: https://www.climatebonds.net/programmatic-certification-frequently-asked-questions [Accessed Mar. 24, 2020]. Climate Bonds Initiative. n.d.a [Online]. Download the Climate Bonds Standard. Available: https:// www.climatebonds.net/standard/download [Accessed Oct. 18, 2019]. Climate Bonds Initiative n.d.b [Online]. Low Carbon Transport. Available: https://www.climatebonds.net/stan- dard/transport [Accessed Oct. 18, 2019]. Cooper et al. 2017 [Online]. Green Bonds Round-Up, 6 December 2017. Available: https://www.environmental- finance.com/content/news/green-bonds-round-up-6-december-2017.html [Accessed Oct. 23, 2019]. Cooper, Graham. 2018 [Online]. Studies Confirm Pricing Benefits to Green Bond Issuers. Available: https:// www.environmental-finance.com/content/news/studies-confirm-pricing-benefits-to-green-bond-issuers. html [Accessed Oct. 23, 2019]. Costello, Martine. 2019 [Online]. Sustainable Bonds from the MBTA: A Sign of the Times? Available: https:// www.impactinvestingexchange.com/sustainable-bonds-from-the-mbta-a-sign-of-the-times/ [Accessed Oct. 28, 2019]. Davies, Tyler. 2019 [Online]. ABN Reveals ‘Undeniable’ Pricing Difference for Green. Available: https:// www.globalcapital.com/article/xyt5074gstfg/abn-reveals-undeniable-pricing-difference-for-green [Accessed Oct. 18, 2019]. Debtwire. 2017 [Online]. Green bonds a marketing technique for issuers, but offer limited pricing benefit. Available: https://www.debtwire.com/info/green-bonds-marketing-technique-issuers-offer-limited- pricing-benefit. Detterman et al. 2019 [Online]. The Latest Carbon Market Developments: Part 1. Available: https:// www.law360.com/articles/1201488/the-latest-carbon-market-developments-part-1 [Accessed Oct. 18, 2019]. Doran, Michael and James Tanner. 2019 [Online]. Critical Challenges Facing the Green Bond Market. 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32 Analysis of Green Bond Financing in the Public Transportation Industry Flood, Chris. 2017 [Online]. Green Bonds Need Global Standards. Available: https://www.ft.com/content/ ef9a02d6-28fe-11e7-bc4b-5528796fe35c [Accessed Oct. 25, 2019]. French Railway. 2016 [Online]. The French Railway Green Bond Programme. Available: https://www.sncf- reseau.com/sites/default/files/2019-04/SNCF_Reseau_draft_Framework_10oct2016_-_V2.pdf [Accessed Mar. 24, 2020]. Gilbert, Mark. 2019 [Online]. The Explosion in Green Bonds Comes Without a Premium. Available: https:// www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2019-10-28/exploding-demand-for-green-bonds-doesn-t-come- with-a-premium [Accessed Oct. 28, 2019]. Global Green Bond Partnership. 2019 [Online]. “Framework, Labeling, Certification, Verification, Standards.” Available: www.globalgreenbondpartnership.org/verifcation. Gore, Gareth. 2019 [Online]. Enel Ditches Green Bonds for Controversial New Format. 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Bibliography 33 Ludvigsen, Phillip. 2015b [Online]. Advanced Topics in Green Bonds: Risks. Available: https:// www.environmental-finance.com/content/analysis/advanced-topics-in-green-bonds-risks.html [Accessed Oct. 17, 2019]. Ludvigsen, Philip. 2016 [Online]. Green Bonds: De-risking Deals to Maximize Returns. Available: https://www.transportationandclimate.org/sites/default/files/webform/tci_2019_input_form/Green%20 Bonds%20De-Risking%20Deals%20NYLJ%20Oct%202016.pdf [Accessed Oct. 18, 2019]. Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. 2017a [Online]. Official Statement: Massachusetts Bay Transporta- tion Authority Subordinated Sales Tax Bond Anticipation Notes, Series 2017 (Sustainability Bonds). Avail- able: https://emma.msrb.org/ES1050855-ES821024-ES1222260.pdf [Accessed Oct. 23, 2019]. Massachusetts Bay Transportation Authority. 2017b [Online]. Sustainability Bond Framework. 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In times of financial uncertainties, green bonds can provide an extra source of revenue. With a green bond issuance, a transit agency can generate positive environmental impacts, attract investors for transit projects, and generate financial benefits.

The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Research Report 222: Analysis of Green Bond Financing in the Public Transportation Industry provides public transit agencies with an introduction to green bonds and how they can be used to advance the sustainability goals of those agencies. The report uses case studies to provide public transit agencies with the context and knowledge needed to understand the complexity of green bond issuance.

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