Rethinking Airport Parking Facilities to Protect and Enhance Non-Aeronautical Revenues (2021)

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C-1 Glossary Application or App—A self-contained program or piece of software designed to fulfill a particular purpose, especially one that can be downloaded to a smartphone or mobile device. Application programming interfaces (API)—A set of functions and procedures allowing the creation of applications that access the features or data of an operating system, application, or other service. Automated Vehicle (AV)—Vehicle in which at least some aspect of a safety-critical control function (e.g., steering, throttle, braking) occurs without direct driver input. Automated vehicles may be self-driving (i.e., use only vehicle sensors) or may be wirelessly connected to other cars and roadside infrastructure. Automatic vehicle identification (AVI)—A long-range radio-frequency identification (RFID) or microwave identification system that automatically identifies vehicles having vehicle-mounted transponders (or tags) as they enter and pass through the range of the AVI system reader (the read zone) without any action by the driver. Bluetooth—a standard for the short-range wireless interconnection of mobile phones, computers, and other electronic devices. Catchment Area—The geographical area from which an airport or other service attracts customers or a population using its services. Close-in parking—Parking facilities located adjacent to the terminal building and which do not require the use of a shuttle bus. Commercial Ground Transportation—Rubber-tired transportation service transporting customers to/from airports including taxicabs, limousines, shared-ride vans, courtesy vehicles, chartered buses and vans, but excluding rail service and parking shuttles, consolidated rental car shuttles, or other buses operated by or on behalf of the airport. Compensatory Methodology—One of two basic airline-airport rate-making methodologies, whereby the airlines pay agreed charges and rates based on recovery of costs allocated to the facilities and services that they occupy or use. The airport entity assumes the risk of operating the airport so that it breaks even. Cost per enplaned passenger (CPE)—All airline payments to an airport (including landing fees, terminal rents, airside usage charges, and other fees) divided by the number enplaned passengers. Dead load—The weight of a structure itself, excluding vehicles, people, or other temporary or movable objects. A P P E N D I X C

C-2 Rethinking Airport Parking Facilities to Protect and Enhance Non-Aeronautical Revenue Enplaned Passenger—Passengers who board an aircraft at an airport, including both connecting and originating airline passengers. FAA Grant Assurances—Obligations or assurances, associated with the acceptance of FAA funds, requiring the airport owner or other organization to maintain and operate their airport facilities safely and efficiently and in accordance with specified conditions. Headway—The time interval between one vehicle and the next vehicle arriving at a station or boarding point on a scheduled, fixed route. Large-, Medium-, and Small-Hub Airport—The FAA’s National Plan of Integrated Airport Systems classifies airports by size, defining four categories of airports by their activity (i.e., the percentage of U.S. annual passenger boardings), with a large hub serving 1.0% or more of the boardings, a medium hub serving at least 0.25% but less than 1.0%, a small hub serving at least 0.05% but less than 0.25%, and a non-hub serving more than 10,000 boardings but less than 0.05%. License plate inventory (LPI)—Regular (e.g., nightly) surveys that record the license plate number of every vehicle parked in a facility. Among other purposes, these inventories are used by cashiers to determine the parking duration (and thus fees due) of exiting customers who, for example, have lost their parking tickets. License plate recognition (LPR)—Technologies that automatically recognize and record a vehicle’s license plate number. Live load—The weight or force on a structure due to vehicles, people, or other temporary or moveable objects. Mobility as a Service (MaaS)—The offering of multiple forms of transportation services (automated vehicles, transportation network companies, taxicabs, car rentals, and public transit) through a single gateway (such as a mobile app) and payment system. Native payment option—A function within a website or mobile app that allows acceptance of payment without directing the customer to a third-party payment processing site. Non-aeronautical revenue—Revenues an airport receives from sources other than airlines or aircraft operators, including parking, rental cars, in-terminal concessions (e.g., food, beverage, and retail), land rents, and commercial ground transportation. Originating and terminating passenger (O&D, origin and destination)—Airline passengers who began (or will end) their trip at an airport as opposed to those passengers who are connect- ing from (or to) another flight. Payment Card Industry (PCI) compliance—A mandate by credit card companies to help ensure the security of credit card transactions in the payments industry. Peer-to-peer services—Services that are shared among users rather than owned by a company. As used in this report it refers to a business that seeks to connect the operator/owner of a vehicle with a customer seeking transportation or to hire the vehicle. Pre-book parking—A parking transaction that occurs when, prior to arriving at the airport, a customer reserves a parking space at a specified parking facility and price, and pre-pays for all, or part, of the parking fee. Pay-on-foot (POF)—A revenue control system that requires or encourages customers to pay their parking fees at an automated pay station or kiosk upon returning to the parking facility (or in the terminal building) rather than at an exit plaza.

Glossary C-3 Payment service provider (PSP)—A service allowing a merchant to accept electronic payments by a variety of methods including credit cards, debit cards, and mobile wallets. QR code—A machine-readable, matrix bar code, consisting of an array of black and white squares, containing information about an item to which it is attached. Frequently the informa- tion points to a website or application. Rental car ready/return area—The parking or storage area(s) to which rental car customers return rented vehicles or pick up rental vehicles. Residual Methodology—One of two basic airport rate-making methodologies, whereby airlines that sign an agreement (the signatory airlines) agree to pay any costs of operating the airport system, airport, or a specific cost center that are not allocated to other users or covered by non-airline revenues. The signatory airlines assume the risk of overall revenue shortfall and receive the benefit from any revenue surpluses. Robo-taxi—A self-driving taxi or driverless taxicab operated in fully automated mode for on-demand transportation service. Shared-ride service—A service providing door-to-door transportation for multiple customers or parties to or from an airport whereby each passenger pays a predetermined fare regardless of the number of passengers transported or distance travelled. The service may make multiple en route stops and may be available on a walk-up or pre-reserved basis. Tennessen warning—A warning or notice that private or confidential information is about to be collected from the user and enables users to make informed decisions about whether to share information about themselves. Tokenization—A process that replaces sensitive data with unique identification symbols that retain all the essential information about the data without compromising its security. Transportation Network Company (TNC)—A business offering prearranged or for-hire ground transportation service through mobile device application technology that connects drivers of personal vehicles to prospective customers. Sometimes used to refer to the vehicle transporting customers rather than to the company or business. Trip Fee—A fee that airport operators charge commercial ground transportation providers for passenger pickup, drop-off, or both, calculated based on the number of trips made by vehicles affiliated with the provider. Voice over internet protocol (VOIP)—A technology that allows individuals to make voice calls using a broadband Internet connection instead of a regular (or analog) phone line. Yield management—A variable pricing strategy, based on understanding, anticipating, and influencing consumer behavior to maximize revenue or profits from a fixed, time-limited resource such as airline seats, parking spaces, or hotel rooms.

Abbreviations and acronyms used without definitions in TRB publications: A4A Airlines for America AAAE American Association of Airport Executives AASHO American Association of State Highway Officials AASHTO American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials ACI–NA Airports Council International–North America ACRP Airport Cooperative Research Program ADA Americans with Disabilities Act APTA American Public Transportation Association ASCE American Society of Civil Engineers ASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ATA American Trucking Associations CTAA Community Transportation Association of America CTBSSP Commercial Truck and Bus Safety Synthesis Program DHS Department of Homeland Security DOE Department of Energy EPA Environmental Protection Agency FAA Federal Aviation Administration FAST Fixing America’s Surface Transportation Act (2015) FHWA Federal Highway Administration FMCSA Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration FRA Federal Railroad Administration FTA Federal Transit Administration HMCRP Hazardous Materials Cooperative Research Program IEEE Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers ISTEA Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act of 1991 ITE Institute of Transportation Engineers MAP-21 Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (2012) NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASAO National Association of State Aviation Officials NCFRP National Cooperative Freight Research Program NCHRP National Cooperative Highway Research Program NHTSA National Highway Traffic Safety Administration NTSB National Transportation Safety Board PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration RITA Research and Innovative Technology Administration SAE Society of Automotive Engineers SAFETEA-LU Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (2005) TCRP Transit Cooperative Research Program TDC Transit Development Corporation TEA-21 Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (1998) TRB Transportation Research Board TSA Transportation Security Administration U.S. DOT United States Department of Transportation

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