National Academies Press: OpenBook

Planning the Future Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure: Proceedings of a Workshop (2021)

Chapter: Appendix B: Poster Session at the November 9-11, 2020, Workshop

« Previous: Appendix A: Statement of Task
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Poster Session at the November 9-11, 2020, Workshop." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Planning the Future Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26128.
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B

Poster Session at the November 9-11, 2020, Workshop

The workshop included a poster session to provide the community with an opportunity to discuss topics relevant to the workshop (a need, a capability, or a potential architecture). Posters were introduced in a prerecorded, virtual “Lightning Round” (3 minutes per poster provided by the presenter). Links to the posters and to the video presentations were available to attendees throughout the workshop and are also included online.1 Thirty-one posters were submitted. The title, author, links, and summary information about each of the posters is provided below, grouped into six categories.

  • Solar and Interplanetary Missions (9)
  • Geospace Missions (4)
  • Models (5)
  • Data Portals (2)
  • Instruments/Facilities (5)
  • Strategies/Architectures (6)

SOLAR AND INTERPLANETARY MISSIONS

Magnetic Explorer (MagEx): A Low-Cost Science Mission to L5

W. Dean Pesnell, NASA GSFC, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454811074

The Magnetic Explorer, or MagEx, is a low-cost science mission proposed to fly to the L5 Lagrange point. MagEx uses the latest CubeSat-derived technology for subsystems and four compact instruments. The instruments on MagEx will provide magnetograms, coronal images out to 3 solar radii, and in situ observations of the solar wind. The combination of MagEx observations with those near Earth will improve models of the solar and heliospheric magnetic field, eventually providing better predictions throughout the heliosphere.

Sub-L1 Monitors: Required Science Discoveries Before Operations

Noé Lugaz, University of New Hampshire, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454811604

To improve the lead time of accurate space weather forecast, it will be necessary in the near future to launch monitors closer to the Sun than L1. Various orbits and technological approaches are possible, but we do not

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1 Links to the presentations can be found at https://www.nationalacademies.org/spacewx-phaseI-presentations.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Poster Session at the November 9-11, 2020, Workshop." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Planning the Future Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26128.
×

currently know enough about the physical properties of interplanetary space weather drivers to determine which location is the optimal one. Therefore, we believe that a space weather research mission is necessary as a pathfinder for sub-L1 space weather monitors; it is possible to build, launch as a rideshare, and operate such a mission for a relatively low cost.

Evaluating Solar SAil Technology Readiness for NOAA Space Weather Missions

Patricia Mulligan, NOAA/MITRE, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454811514

Recent progress in solar sail development and flight testing suggests that solar sails will technology will soon be able to provide access to a point closer to the Sun than L1. The Solar Cruiser Mission, if selected for flight under the Heliophysics Announcement of Opportunity, would launch in 2024. Solar Cruiser’s flight will test solar sail maneuvers for a mission profile with many similarities to that of a possible future NOAA mission profile at a point sub-L1.

MUSE - Multislit Solar Explorer

Mark Cheung, Lockheed Martin Solar & Astrophysics Laboratory, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454811410

The Multislit Solar Explorer (MUSE) is selected for a MIDEX Phase A Study. With an innovative 37-slit design, MUSE will take spectral rasters of active regions at 12sec cadence, 100x faster than existing EUV spectrographs. State-of-the-art numerical modeling (including of space weather events like flares and CMEs) is a key component of the MUSE science investigation. The measurement of coronal line intensities, doppler flows & non-thermal broadening will enable data-driven models of Earth-directed CMEs. MUSE will also place unprecedented observational constraints to discriminate between various driving mechanisms of space weather events and to rule out coronal heating theories.

The Benefits of the Pearl Necklace Concept

Douglas Biesecker, NOAA/SWPC, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454811117

The Pearl Necklace (aka String of Pearls) concept is a cost efficient method of achieving a 360° view of the Sun from the ecliptic plane. We take advantage of NOAA sending new operational spacecraft to L1 every 5 years, either by sharing launch costs or by utilizing the old NOAA spacecraft to drift in a heliocentric orbit. The poster demonstrates the payload needed to achieve specific forecasting improvements and briefly describes the benefits that would result.

Solaris: Revealing the Mysteries of the Sun’s Poles & Improving Understanding for Space Weather Research

Don Hassler, Southwest Research Institute, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/455957926

Solaris is an exciting, innovative & paradigm-breaking mission of discovery to explore the poles of the Sun. Solaris was selected for Phase A development as part of NASA’s MIDEX program, and will be the first mission to image the Sun’s poles from 75 degrees latitude, providing new insight into the workings of the solar dynamo and the solar cycle which are at the foundation of our understanding of space weather and space climate. From its solar polar vantage point, Solaris will provide “enabling” observations for space weather research and complement other high priority missions (such as PSP, DKIST, Lagrange and other assets). Just as our understanding of Jupiter & Saturn were revolutionized by polar observations from Juno and Cassini, our understanding of the Sun will be revolutionized by Solaris.

High Inclination Solar Mission (HISM): Observing the Sun from Above Using Solar Sails

Ken Kobayashi, NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/456203847

The High Inclination Solar Mission (HISM) is a concept for an out-of-the-ecliptic mission for observing the Sun and the heliosphere. The mission profile is largely based on the Solar Polar Imager concept: initially spiraling in to a 0.48 AU ecliptic orbit, then increasing the orbital inclination at a rate of ∼10 degrees per year, ultimately reaching a heliographic inclination of >75 degrees. The orbital profile is achieved using solar sails derived from the technology currently being developed for the Solar Cruiser mission, currently under development.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Poster Session at the November 9-11, 2020, Workshop." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Planning the Future Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26128.
×

The Heliospheric Meteorology Mission: A Mission to DRIVE our Understanding of Heliospheric Variability

Scott Mcintosh, NCAR, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454811655

The Heliospheric Meteorology Mission (HMM) would sample the complete magnetic and thermodynamic state of the heliosphere inside 1AU using a distributed network of deep space hardened smallsats that encompass the Sun. The observations and in situ plasma measurements made by the fleet of HMM smallsats would be collected, and assimilated into current operational space weather models. The HMM mission concept naturally allows for research motivated technology development that can improve forecast skill.

Solar Cruiser: Enabling New Vistas for Heliophysics

Les Johnson, Marshall Space Flight Center, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454811366

NASA MSFC is developing the Solar Cruiser mission concept to mature solar sail technology for use in future space missions. Solar Cruiser is a pathfinder for missions that observe the solar environment from unique vantage points such as sub-L1 for advanced warning of solar storms, observations away from the Sun-Earth line (SEL), and high solar inclinations.

GEOSPACE MISSIONS

ARCS

Kristina A Lynch, Dartmouth College, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454811295

The Auroral Reconstruction CubeSwarm is a mission concept set up to explore ionospheric physics on scale sizes of auroral arcs. It uses a combination of a localized array of 32 ionospheric LEO CubeSats; a dedicated array of 32 ground-based imagery stations across Alaska; plasma tomography between the two arrays; and ionospheric modeling for using the data. Advances in low-resource spacecraft technology and in auroral imagery techniques can now enable truly multipoint studies of ionospheric system science.

The Solar-Terrestrial Observer for the Response of the Magnetosphere

David Sibeck, NASA/GSFC, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454811026

STORM is the first stand-alone mission to observe the big picture of space weather. STORM takes simultaneous solar wind measurements and global images to quantify the magnetospheric response including the magnetopause, auroral oval, ring current dynamics. STORM makes continuous observations on all relevant space weather time-scales.

Radiation Belt Monitoring from Geo-Transfer Orbit: The GTOSat CubeSat

Lauren Blum, University of Colorado, Boulder, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/455886663

With the end of the Van Allen Probes mission in 2019, radiation belt monitoring is needed from geo-transfer orbit (GTO), to provide radial profiles of the outer radiation belt. The GTOSat CubeSat, currently under development and targeting a launch in late 2021, will provide energy and pitch angle resolved measurements of energetic electrons from GTO for both scientific purposes and low-latency space weather monitoring (through the TDRS network). This 6U CubeSat can pave the way for future SmallSats to be used for space weather applications and enable affordable constellation missions in the inner magnetosphere beyond low Earth orbit.

Tracking Space Weather in 3D with Polarized Images From PUNCH

Craig DeForest, Southwest Research Institute, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/455886644

PUNCH is a NASA Small Explorer mission to understand how the solar corona gives rise to the ambient solar wind and transient events within it. PUNCH accomplishes its science with routine, high resolution, deep field, global 3D imaging of the entire outer corona and inner heliosphere from 1.25°-45° from the Sun. PUNCH 3D tracking of CME structure and trajectory overcomes the major outstanding forecasting problems of arrival prediction (to determine event probability and ETA) and of Bz direction (to determine geoeffectiveness). The baseline PUNCH mission has ~1 day latency but with additional ground passes the mission could be used on an operational-demonstration basis.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Poster Session at the November 9-11, 2020, Workshop." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Planning the Future Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26128.
×

MODELS

Improving Short to Medium-Range Forecasting of CME Geo-Effectiveness: Technology Roadmap

Angelos Vourlidas, Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454810868

The poster provides an example roadmap for improving short to medium forecasting (up to 7 days) of two key hazards associated with CMEs—SEP production and magnetic field structure. The roadmap is based on a wider systems strategy for addressing comprehensively the SpWx “problem” via concise R2O and O2R frameworks. The Space Weather Aggregated Network of Systems (SWANS) is an integrated web of SpWx stations and state-of-the-art modeling facilities to enable space situational awareness for end-users invested in spaceflight operations, infrastructure risk mitigation, and future human endeavors in space exploration while profoundly transforming Heliophysics research.

A Machine Learning Approach to Forecasting Proton Flux with Electron Flux

Jesse Torres, Lulu Zhao, Philip Chan, and Ming Zhang, Florida Institute of Technology, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454811766

Because of their speed difference, near-relativistic electrons released from solar energetic particle events often arrive at Earth significantly earlier than protons of energies from tens to a few hundred MeV. Damages to human health and electronics on satellites caused by tens MeV protons are much more severe than those relativistic electrons. The earlier arrival of electrons can be used to forecast solar energetic proton radiation hazards (Posner, 2007). This project develops a machine-learning algorithm using electron intensity measurements and other solar and heliospheric observations to predict proton intensity tens half to one hour ahead of the time. The results show that the new algorithm scores better than the method using simple correlations of particle intensities.

Quantitative 3D Modeling from the Sun to the Local Interstellar Medium (LISM): Solar Wind (SW), Magnetic Field (MF), and Energetic Particles

Devrie S. Intriligator, Director/Carmel Research Center, Inc., https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454811162

The Sun’s dynamic influence in space weather shows large variations in longitude, latitude, and radii throughout the heliosphere, heliosheath, and Local Interstellar Medium (LISM). Full 3D modeling and observations of space weather are crucial and provide key insights. Asymmetries prove the importance of full 3D space weather models. Space weather shocks and magnetic fields can adversely affect space travelers’ health. Near Earth and even in the outer solar system they can modulate, at Voyagers 1 and 2 in 1977-2017, incoming heavy cosmic ray data and cause human brain damage and other health effects. Studying these space weather events may help provide better understanding of Parker observations at the Sun and remote astrophysical data beyond the LISM.

Physics-Based SWx Modeling with Machine Learning

Tamas Gombosi, University of Michigan, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/455886684

The team is developing interpretable hybrid physics-driven and data-driven approaches to data analysis and modeling frameworks to make significant progress in physical understanding of space physics phenomena and in space weather predictions of solar eruptions and their terrestrial impacts. This work is an extension of our Space Weather Modeling Framework that is available for community use at the CCMC and is running operationally at NOAA SWPC.

Robust Ionospheric Data Assimilation Using Multi-Instrument Tomography

Cathryn Mitchell, University of Bath, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/455886619

A large space-weather event would degrade the quality and quantity of ionospheric observations and hence our ability to specify the 3D time dependent electron density in the ionosphere—the key parameter needed to predict the performance of multiple navigation, communications and surveillance systems. This presentation proposes the parallel use of IDA4D as the primary algorithm for ionospheric specification throughout a major space weather event, with MIDAS as the independent algorithm to confirm reliability of the real-time resulting ionospheric specification.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Poster Session at the November 9-11, 2020, Workshop." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Planning the Future Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26128.
×

DATA PORTALS

Radiation Data and Tools for a Space Weather-Ready Satellite Infrastructure

Janet Green, Space Hazards Applications, LLC, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454811201

Space radiation can damage satellite components causing on-orbit anomalies that are a risk to the reliable operation of the rapidly growing fleet of satellites. This poster describes an effort to develop tools that bring together the necessary physics, engineering, and software components to make anomaly monitoring and attribution feasible and routine for end users. It discusses the data required to support that endeavor into the future and emphasize the need for data that can be easily integrated into global retrospective and real time radiation environments.

SWx TREC’s Space Weather Data Portal and Model Staging Platform

Jenny Knuth and Greg Lucas, CU Boulder, SWx TREC, LASP, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454811256

The Space Weather Technology, Research, and Education Center (SWx TREC) at the University of Colorado has developed a new Space Weather Data Portal to provide easy access to space weather data housed in a wide variety of formats from many different institutes. The Data Portal eases the previously complex task of finding and displaying data for education, forecaster training, and research. SWx TREC has also developed a new Model Staging Platform to run models and analyze data in the Cloud. The Staging Platform lowers the barriers to entry for getting research models into operational centers.

INSTRUMENTS/FACILITIES

Center for Geospace Storms

Slava Merkin, JHU/APL, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454811703

The poster presents an overview of a Center for Geospace Storms (CGS)—one of the NASA DRIVE Science Centers currently in Phase 1. The CGS vision is to transform the understanding and predictability of space weather. CGS plans to achieve this vision by developing a new model that will include and treat all critical regions of storm-time geospace, including coupling with the lower atmosphere, while resolving critical mesoscale processes. The objectives are, in short: 1. INNOVATE community modeling capabilities. 2. EMPOWER the models with data. 3. DISCOVER how storm-time geospace works.

Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research

Andrew J. Gerrard, New Jersey Institute of Technology-Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454810843

The Center for Solar-Terrestrial Research (CSTR) at the New Jersey Institute of Technology (NJIT) is an international leader in ground- and space-based solar and terrestrial physics, with an interest in understanding the effects of the Sun on the geospace environment. This poster presents some of its major facilities, including the Big Bear Solar Observatory (BBSO), the Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array (EOVSA), the Polar Engineering Development Center (PEDC), and our work on spacecraft instrumentation, namely the RBSPICE instrument on the NASA Van Allen Probes Mission.

The Automated Radiation Measurements for Aerospace Safety (ARMAS) Program

W. Kent Tobiska, Space Environment Technologies, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454811732

This poster discusses decision-aid tools for managing aviation radiation exposure risks using state-of-art scientific methods and data. Objectives of ARMAS include: Assemble and organize historical knowledge of the aerospace-relevant radiation environment, with metrics; Demonstrate monitoring of current epoch, real-time “weather” of atmospheric radiation; Provide exposure risk management forecast capabilities to international, national, commercial entities and the public.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Poster Session at the November 9-11, 2020, Workshop." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Planning the Future Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26128.
×

Nested Optical Networks: A New Tool for Space Weather Research

Asti Bhatt, SRI International, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454810984

Space weather characterization requires understanding impact from the Sun and the lower atmospheric forces on the terrestrial ionosphere-thermosphere system. The MANGO-NATION project supported by NSF DASI program uses large-scale optical networks to investigate the relative influences of these forces. An optical network of imagers measuring atomic oxygen 557.7 nm wavelength along with 3 Fabry-Perot Interferometers measuring both 557.7 and 630 nm in the south-western US is planned to be nested inside an existing network of 630 nm imagers across the continental US. The planned configuration is optimally suited to understand thermospheric influence on lower atmospheric forces affecting space weather.

NRL Space Science Division Sensors to Meet the Needs for Future SWx Research and Operational Forecasting

Christoph Englert, US Naval Research Laboratory, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/456203892

US Naval Research Laboratory Space Science Division has established sensor heritage to meet the needs for future SWx research and operational forecasting. Innovative, miniaturized sensors have been developed.

STRATEGIES/ARCHITECTURES

Architectures for Space Weather Magnetographs

Neal Hurlburt, Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454811554

As we move to the next generation of space weather observing systems, a key driver is the optimal architecture for photospheric (and possibly chromospheric or coronal) magnetic field measurements. Using existing operational observing systems as the starting point for our comparison, the poster projects what the next generation of ground- and space-based systems will offer, and compare estimates for their total cost of ownership, system performance, reliability and operational efficiency. It concludes that space-based instruments are the best solution, not only due to the well-established fact of their superior data quality, but also to the lesser understood role they play in providing a more cost effective, more flexible and more operationally efficient solution.

A Chapman Conference on Space Weather: Recommendations for the Community

Anthony J. Mannucci, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454810905

Recommendations are presented that arose from the Chapman Conference on “Chapman on Scientific Challenges Pertaining to Space Weather Forecasting Including Extremes,” held in February 2019 in Pasadena, California. The first recommendation is that the community develop robust methods of determining the observations needed to achieve specific predictive capabilities. The second recommendation is that the community develop new, possibly disruptive approaches to space weather prediction. Adapting the approaches used by terrestrial weather prediction will be of limited effectiveness for space weather.

LEO Space Domain Science—Are We Doing Enough?

Jeff Thayer, University of Colorado, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/455886659

We are now at the cusp of a new revolution where societal expansion and economic growth will increasingly depend on how we wisely utilize space—particularly in low-Earth orbit (LEO). This will require greater fidelity in forecasting and nowcasting of the LEO space environment and convergent research across the many disciplines involved in the LEO space domain. This poster introduces the concept of LEO weather stations and demonstrates the utility of common spacecraft measurements for improved characterization of the LEO environment and more accurate predictions.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Poster Session at the November 9-11, 2020, Workshop." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Planning the Future Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26128.
×

Ionosphere Thermosphere Space Weather: Observations, Infrastructure, and Architecture Needs

Timothy Fuller-Rowell, CIRES University of Colorado and NOAA Space Weather Prediction Center, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/455910451

This poster reports on a study to review satellite observations in the thermosphere and ionosphere (T-I) required to support space weather (SW) services provided by NOAA in the coming years. The observations are either of the parameters themselves that directly impact SW applications, such as plasma irregularities or neutral density, or a parameter in a physical model that drives the impact, such as solar EUV radiation, auroral precipitation, plasma drift, neutral composition, or winds. The SW impacts in the T-I include disruption of radio wave propagation from plasma irregularities, including GNSS positioning, navigation, and timing, and HF communications, and satellite drag, orbit prediction in low-Earth orbit, and space traffic management from neutral density. The study reviewed potential satellite orbits and observation methods, and we would appreciate feedback from the community on the recommendation.

Space Science at AFOSR

Julie Moses, AFOSR, https://vimeo.com/showcase/7518343/video/454811244

This poster gives some basic information about AFOSR, some information about space science at AFOSR such as number of PIs and the size of the budget. It includes a slide detailing the areas of space science that are funded. The last two slides on the poster feature two important transitions from AFOSR to space weather operations, the GAIM model And the ADAPT model.

Cosmic Rays Variation in the Natural Environment, and the Effects on Our Technology

Madhulika Guhathakurta and Dennis Wingomguhathakurta, NASA and Skycorp Incorporated

Today there is a rare confluence of space weather and our technical progress that bears reexamination in order to better quantify risk to the public from space weather variability. Solar cycle 24 has been the lowest in a century along with two deep solar minimums, resulting the highest Galactic Cosmic Ray (GCR) flux in our modern technical era. Additionally, the terrestrial bipolar magnetic field is rapidly decreasing, leading to a reduced geomagnetic rigidity constant which further increases GCR penetration into the biosphere. These factors coincide with dramatic advances in semiconductor technology that is increasing their susceptibility to these extraterrestrial influences and here we quantify all these factors.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Poster Session at the November 9-11, 2020, Workshop." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Planning the Future Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26128.
×
Page 86
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Poster Session at the November 9-11, 2020, Workshop." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Planning the Future Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26128.
×
Page 87
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Poster Session at the November 9-11, 2020, Workshop." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Planning the Future Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26128.
×
Page 88
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Poster Session at the November 9-11, 2020, Workshop." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Planning the Future Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26128.
×
Page 89
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Poster Session at the November 9-11, 2020, Workshop." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Planning the Future Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26128.
×
Page 90
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Poster Session at the November 9-11, 2020, Workshop." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Planning the Future Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26128.
×
Page 91
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Poster Session at the November 9-11, 2020, Workshop." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Planning the Future Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure: Proceedings of a Workshop. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26128.
×
Page 92
Next: Appendix C: Workshop Agendas »
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In response to a request from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration - and with the support of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the National Science Foundation - the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine conducted a two-part virtual workshop, "Space Weather Operations and Research Infrastructure," on June 16-17 and September 9-11, 2020. The overall goals of the workshop were to review present space weather monitoring and forecasting capabilities, to consider future observational infrastructure and research needs, and to consider options toward the further development of an effective, resilient, and achievable national space weather program. This publication summarizes the presentation and discussion of the workshop.

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