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Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management, Volume 1: Practitioner's Guide (2021)

Chapter: Appendix F - Correlation Coefficients by Land Use

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix F - Correlation Coefficients by Land Use." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management, Volume 1: Practitioner's Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26161.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix F - Correlation Coefficients by Land Use." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management, Volume 1: Practitioner's Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26161.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix F - Correlation Coefficients by Land Use." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management, Volume 1: Practitioner's Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26161.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix F - Correlation Coefficients by Land Use." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management, Volume 1: Practitioner's Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26161.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix F - Correlation Coefficients by Land Use." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management, Volume 1: Practitioner's Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26161.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix F - Correlation Coefficients by Land Use." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management, Volume 1: Practitioner's Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26161.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix F - Correlation Coefficients by Land Use." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management, Volume 1: Practitioner's Guide. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26161.
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171   When one or more variables of interest do not appear in any models for crash type or land use, numerical estimates of the effect for such variables would clearly not be possible. However, a qualitative assessment may be undertaken. To facilitate such an assessment, this appendix pro- vides the coefficients from the correlation matrix between these variables and the various crash types by land use. Correlation coefficients range between −1.0 and 1.0. A positive coefficient indicates that higher values of a variable are correlated with a higher crash frequency. A negative coefficient indicates that higher values of a variable are correlated with a lower crash frequency. The closer the coefficient is to −1.0 or 1.0, the stronger the correlation. It is important to understand that correlation does not equal causality because no other vari- ables, including traffic volume, are accounted for in the correlation coefficients. This can result in completely erroneous relationships due to the potential for unaccounted confounding factors. As such, it is critical to employ caution and judgment when using correlation coefficients to assess the potential impact of a variable; this is a last resort when the variable of interest does not appear in the more rigorous predictive models. To provide a point of reference for comparison, the parameter estimates and p-values are also provided with the correlation coefficients. The parameter estimates are based on a restricted model where only traffic volume and the variable of interest are included in the model. Where the correlation coefficient and the parameter estimate differ (i.e., opposite signs), it may be an indication that other factors are confounding the results or that the association is statistically insignificant. A P P E N D I X F Correlation Coefficients by Land Use

Variable Name Variable Description Correlation Coefficient (parameter estimate, p-value) Total Injury Rear-End Right-Angle Turning Proplight Proportion of total length with illumination present 0.12 (0.2109, 0.3593) 0.11 (0.0492, 0.8247) 0.09 (0.0390, 0.8834) 0.11 (0.2229, 0.2796) 0.15 (0.6249, 0.0232) Proppoorpvmnt Proportion of total length with a poor pavement condition 0.18 (0.3568, 0.4024) 0.06 (0.1075, 0.7926) 0.15 (0.3138, 0.5180) 0.48 (0.7756, 0.1035) 0.06 (0.4449, 0.3776) Proplimconn Proportion of total length with limited connectivity on adjacent developments -0.07 (-0.1457, 0.5014) -0.06 (0.0089, 0.9656) -0.08 (-0.3030, 0.2214) 0.05 (0.2782, 0.2739) -0.10 (-0.4870, 0.0553) Propmodconn Proportion of total length with moderate connectivity on adjacent developments 0.17 (-0.1189, 0.6728) 0.20 (-0.2911, 0.2679) 0.17 (-0.1012, 0.7528) 0.04 (-0.4727, 0.1569) 0.21 (-0.2094, 0.5320) Propsigconn Proportion of total length with signif icant connectivity on adjacent developments -0.07 (0.2455, 0.2968) -0.11 (0.1838, 0.4053) -0.06 (0.4078, 0.1318) -0.08 (-0.0199, 0.9418) -0.07 (0.6993, 0.0130) Propfrontrd Proportion of total length with a frontage road 0.01 (0.0607, 0.8075) 0.03 (0.2803, 0.2291) 0.02 (0.2051, 0.4679) 0.03 (0.2837, 0.3428) -0.04 (-0.8360, 0.0051) Nocomfulldrwy Number of commercial full movement driveways 0.27 (-0.0002, 0.8585) 0.35 (0.0001, 0.9227) 0.15 (-0.0016, 0.2533) 0.28 (0.0012, 0.5580) 0.38 (0.0009, 0.5726) Noresfulldrwy Number of residential full movement driveways 0.05 (-0.0017, 0.6556) 0.11 (-0.0000, 0.9951) -0.01 (-0.0042, 0.3288) 0.06 (-0.0019, 0.6974) 0.13 (0.0033, 0.4678) Nocomlimdrwy Number of commercial limited movement driveways 0.86 (0.0024, 0.0857) 0.89 (0.0018, 0.1385) 0.87 (0.0026, 0.0962) 0.56 (0.0010, 0.4827) 0.90 (0.0029, 0.0899) Noreslimdrwy Number of residential limited movement driveways 0.06 (-0.0015, 0.4638) 0.11 (-0.0001, 0.9756) 0.05 (-0.0016, 0.5224) 0.06 (-0.0004, 0.8502) 0.04 (-0.0029, 0.2360) No3legunsig Number of 3-legged unsignalized intersections 0.85 (0.0103, 0.0888) 0.89 (0.0089, 0.0055) 0.81 (0.0094, 0.1585) 0.65 (0.0066, 0.3623) 0.90 (0.0142, 0.0481) No4legunsig Number of 4-legged unsignalized intersections 0.65 (0.0069, 0.4954) 0.69 (0.0053, 0.5722) 0.57 (-0.0021, 0.8450) 0.64 (0.0218, 0.0835) 0.69 (0.0150, 0.2225) No5legunsig Number of 5-legged unsignalized intersections 0.00 (0.0761, 0.8897) -0.03 (-0.1247, 0.8119) -0.02 (-0.4720, 0.4528) 0.04 (0.3213, 0.6175) -0.03 (0.1376, 0.8375) No3legfullunsig Number of 3-legged full movement unsignalized intersections 0.39 (0.0036, 0.7052) 0.44 (0.0041, 0.6345) 0.29 (-0.0045, 0.6610) 0.37 (0.0047, 0.6841) 0.47 (0.0171, 0.1445) No3leglimunsig Number of 3-legged limited movement unsignalized intersections 0.88 (0.0172, 0.0734) 0.88 (0.0142, 0.1040) 0.89 (0.0227, 0.0549) 0.60 (0.0079, 0.4378) 0.86 (0.0138, 0.1690) No3legrirounsig Number of 3-legged right-in-right-out unsignalized intersections 0.88 (0.0180, 0.0754) 0.88 (0.0144, 0.1128) 0.89 (0.0235, 0.0592) 0.59 (0.0078, 0.4595) 0.87 (0.0151, 0.1581) No3leglfmounsig Number of 3-legged unsignalized intersections with no left-turn movement from crossroad 0.61 (0.1883, 0.1140) 0.60 (0.2098, 0.0654) 0.64 (0.2621, 0.0508) 0.49 (0.1881, 0.2265) 0.55 (0.0613, 0.6445) No4legfullunsig Number of 4-legged full movement unsignalized intersections 0.66 (0.0082, 0.4250) 0.69 (0.0064, 0.5051) 0.57 (-0.0013, 0.9048) 0.65 (0.0246, 0.0559) 0.70 (0.0157, 0.2093) No4leglimunsig Number of 4-legged limited movement unsignalized intersections 0.20 (0.0903, 0.6560) 0.21 (0.1464, 0.4419) 0.22 (0.1523, 0.5239) 0.11 (-0.0432, 0.8544) 0.19 (0.3162, 0.1808) Mixed Use Table F-1. Correlation coefficients for mixed land use.

No4legrirounsig Number of 4-legged right-in-right-out unsignalized intersections -0.07 (0.1024, 0.8193) -0.06 (0.1957, 0.6442) -0.06 (0.2873, 0.5759) -0.09 (-0.0608, 0.9124) -0.05 (0.4693, 0.3911) No4leglfmounsig Number of 4-legged unsignalized intersections with no left-turn movement from crossroad 0.30 (0.1131, 0.6628) 0.31 (0.1643, 0.4877) 0.32 (0.1318, 0.6486) 0.19 (-0.0497, 0.8651) 0.29 (0.4521, 0.1764) Nortlunsig Number of unsignalized intersections with a right-turn lane -0.01 (-0.0345, 0.3565) -0.06 (-0.0092, 0.8020) 0.03 (-0.0164, 0.7207) 0.05 (-0.0393, 0.3377) -0.12 (-0.1404, 0.0015) Noltlunsig Number of unsignalized intersections with a left-turn lane 0.65 (0.0045, 0.4877) 0.69 (0.0038, 0.5200) 0.57 (0.0022, 0.7608) 0.53 (0.0019, 0.8053) 0.71 (0.0136, 0.0986) Minspcsig Minimum spacing of signalized intersections (ft) -0.18 (-0.0001, 0.2238) -0.21 (-0.0001, 0.2606) -0.16 (-0.0001, 0.3579) -0.20 (-0.0002, 0.1127) -0.21 (-0.0002, 0.0748) Maxspcsig Maximum spacing of signalized intersections (ft) -0.07 (-0.0001, 0.0080) -0.10 (-0.0001, 0.0148) -0.07 (-0.0001, 0.0307) -0.04 (-0.0002, 0.0004) -0.10 (-0.0001, 0.1473) No3legsig Number of 3-legged signalized intersections 0.58 (-0.0030, 0.9401) 0.64 (0.0151, 0.7073) 0.58 (0.0086, 0.8523) 0.34 (-0.0668, 0.1360) 0.62 (0.0202, 0.6778) No4legsig Number of 4-legged signalized intersections 0.79 (0.0123, 0.2144) 0.86 (0.0148, 0.1223) 0.72 (0.0102, 0.3575) 0.63 (0.0143, 0.2582) 0.84 (0.0164, 0.1493) No5legsig Number of 5-legged signalized intersections 0.10 (0.1471, 0.5172) 0.12 (0.1829, 0.3874) 0.04 (0.0121, 0.9627) 0.10 (0.1764, 0.5119) 0.14 (0.2217, 0.4102) Nortlsig Number of signalized intersections with right-turn lane on mainline 0.77 (0.0194, 0.3966) 0.77 (0.0292, 0.2023) 0.80 (0.0450, 0.1185) 0.55 (-0.0129, 0.5961) 0.71 (0.0057, 0.8113) Noltlsig Number of signalized intersections with left-turn lane on mainline 0.79 (0.0094, 0.2824) 0.86 (0.0110, 0.1916) 0.74 (0.0100, 0.3275) 0.59 (0.0041, 0.6898) 0.86 (0.0142, 0.1681) Medoplt Number of median openings with a left-turn lane 0.35 (-0.0046, 0.7770) 0.47 (-0.0003, 0.9818) 0.27 (-0.0080, 0.6698) 0.15 (-0.0146, 0.4047) 0.49 (0.0028, 0.8818) Medopnolt Number of median openings without a left-turn lane -0.03 (-0.1235, 0.2862) 0.00 (-0.0925, 0.4038) -0.02 (-0.1431, 0.2643) -0.02 (0.0506, 0.7439) -0.06 (-0.2342, 0.0753) Speed_limit Posted speed limit (mi/h) 0.00 (-0.0253, 0.0471) -0.02 (-0.0219, 0.0717) 0.05 (-0.0095, 0.5406) -0.15 (-0.0597, <0.0001) -0.04 (-0.0324, 0.0629) Spcoff lt Minimum spacing from off-ramp to left turn onto mainline from same side of road (ft) -0.14 (-0.0000, 0.8225) -0.15 (0.0000, 0.9214) -0.07 (-0.0001, 0.7111) -0.07 (0.0001, 0.6344) -0.22 (-0.0006, 0.0294) Spcoffrt Minimum spacing from off-ramp to right turn onto mainline from same side of road (ft) -0.10 (-0.0002, 0.4140) -0.13 (-0.0000, 0.8689) 0.02 (-0.0002, 0.5206) -0.05 (-0.0001, 0.6079) -0.23 (-0.0008, 0.0110) Spcon Minimum spacing from on-ramp to right turn onto mainline from same side of road (ft) -0.19 (-0.0004, 0.1529) -0.18 (-0.0003, 0.1464) -0.14 (-0.0002, 0.4334) -0.20 (-0.0005, 0.0463) -0.20 (-0.0008, 0.0155)

Variable Name Variable Description Correlation Coefficient (parameter estimate, p-value) Total Injury Rear-End Right-Angle Turning Proplight Proportion of total length with illumination present 0.16 (0.4145, 0.0326) 0.14 (0.1854, 0.3290) 0.08 (0.2781, 0.2038) 0.18 (0.7569, 0.0033) 0.26 (0.7765, 0.0024) Proppoorpvmnt Proportion of total length with a poor pavement condition -0.07 (-0.2922, 0.6281) -0.08 (-0.0709, 0.9013) -0.12 (-0.8809, 0.1469) 0.06 (0.5952, 0.5056) -0.09 (-0.1403, 0.8625) Proplimconn Proportion of total length with limited connectivity on adjacent developments 0.04 (-0.0245, 0.9095) 0.07 (-0.0430, 0.8415) 0.04 (-0.0396, 0.8643) -0.03 (-0.0203, 0.9476) 0.04 (-0.2369, 0.4057) Propmodconn Proportion of total length with moderate connectivity on adjacent developments -0.05 (-0.0364, 0.8712) 0.03 (0.2718, 0.2157) -0.04 (-0.0741, 0.7602) -0.04 (-0.0981, 0.7601) -0.04 (-0.1183, 0.6871) Propsigconn Proportion of total length with signif icant connectivity on adjacent developments 0.03 (0.1199, 0.5719) -0.08 (-0.1332, 0.5133) 0.02 (0.1768, 0.4349) 0.09 (0.1613, 0.5785) 0.02 (0.4443, 0.1314) Propfrontrd Proportion of total length with a frontage road 0.01 (-0.2573, 0.2064) 0.07 (-0.0160, 0.9360) 0.09 (-0.1630, 0.4617) -0.06 (-0.3225, 0.2517) -0.10 (-0.8573, 0.0009) Nocomfulldrwy Number of commercial full movement driveways 0.47 (0.0019, 0.2220) 0.56 (0.0026, 0.0977) 0.33 (0.0008, 0.6343) 0.37 (0.0030, 0.1655) 0.62 (0.0031, 0.1304) Noresfulldrwy Number of residential full movement driveways 0.17 (-0.0017, 0.8362) 0.20 (0.0025, 0.7446) 0.10 (-0.0058, 0.5255) 0.18 (0.0071, 0.5264) 0.22 (0.0030, 0.7869) Nocomlimdrwy Number of commercial limited movement driveways 0.57 (0.0010, 0.3816) 0.61 (0.0004, 0.7144) 0.54 (0.0008, 0.4769) 0.29 (0.0005, 0.7386) 0.65 (0.0009, 0.5184) Noreslimdrwy Number of residential limited movement driveways 0.37 (-0.0022, 0.9127) 0.38 (-0.0101, 0.5861) 0.37 (-0.0006, 0.9774) 0.21 (-0.0140, 0.5867) 0.32 (-0.0074, 0.7660) No3legunsig Number of 3-legged unsignalized intersections 0.67 (0.0041, 0.4363) 0.74 (0.0031, 0.5586) 0.59 (0.0022, 0.6950) 0.39 (0.0016, 0.8127) 0.76 (0.0062, 0.3703) No4legunsig Number of 4-legged unsignalized intersections 0.49 (0.0169, 0.2476) 0.50 (0.0176, 0.2297) 0.37 (0.0070, 0.6449) 0.43 (0.0293, 0.1586) 0.56 (0.0284, 0.1560) No5legunsig Number of 5-legged unsignalized intersections -0.02 (-0.4711, 0.5265) -0.04 (-0.5110, 0.4751) -0.02 (-0.4150, 0.6085) 0.01 (-0.4889, 0.6170) -0.05 (-0.9245, 0.3389) No3legfullunsig Number of 3-legged full movement unsignalized intersections 0.53 (0.0050, 0.5404) 0.58 (0.0037, 0.6404) 0.40 (-0.0008, 0.9258) 0.38 (0.0065, 0.5468) 0.63 (0.0104, 0.3336) No3leglimunsig Number of 3-legged limited movement unsignalized intersections 0.58 (0.0056, 0.5640) 0.64 (0.0038, 0.6898) 0.58 (0.0073, 0.4904) 0.26 (-0.0048, 0.7047) 0.62 (0.0042, 0.7302) No3legrirounsig Number of 3-legged right-in-right-out unsignalized intersections 0.55 (0.0058, 0.5835) 0.62 (0.0041, 0.6951) 0.56 (0.0081, 0.4845) 0.25 (-0.0060, 0.6660) 0.60 (0.0043, 0.7462) No3leglfmounsig Number of 3-legged unsignalized intersections with no left-turn movement from crossroad 0.56 (0.0516, 0.5438) 0.61 (0.0256, 0.7483) 0.57 (0.0346, 0.6991) 0.31 (0.0264, 0.8269) 0.54 (0.0408, 0.7025) No4legfullunsig Number of 4-legged full movement unsignalized intersections 0.48 (0.0169, 0.2475) 0.50 (0.0181, 0.2192) 0.36 (0.0069, 0.6468) 0.42 (0.0298, 0.1529) 0.56 (0.0279, 0.1601) Commercial Table F-2. Correlation coefficients for commercial land use.

No4leglimunsig Number of 4-legged limited movement unsignalized intersections 0.12 (-0.0492, 0.8217) 0.03 (-0.1666, 0.4353) 0.18 (-0.0250, 0.9150) 0.09 (-0.1863, 0.5236) -0.01 (-0.0105, 0.9711) No4legrirounsig Number of 4-legged right-in-right-out unsignalized intersections -0.05 (-0.0097, 0.9821) -0.07 (-0.2114, 0.6155) -0.05 (0.0273, 0.9539) -0.08 (-0.4710, 0.4173) 0.00 (0.4605, 0.4045) No4leglfmounsig Number of 4-legged unsignalized intersections with no left-turn movement from crossroad 0.21 (-0.0748, 0.8173) 0.10 (-0.2838, 0.3383) 0.30 (-0.0006, 0.9987) 0.15 (-0.2691, 0.5276) 0.00 (-0.3835, 0.3787) Nortlunsig Number of unsignalized intersections with a right-turn lane 0.32 (-0.0295, 0.3326) 0.32 (-0.0079, 0.7884) 0.43 (-0.0151, 0.6427) 0.23 (-0.0565, 0.1662) 0.03 (-0.0961, 0.0136) Noltlunsig Number of unsignalized intersections with a left-turn lane 0.64 (0.0078, 0.2643) 0.68 (0.0070, 0.3137) 0.52 (0.0027, 0.7058) 0.48 (0.0109, 0.2623) 0.72 (0.0138, 0.1445) Minspcsig Minimum spacing of signalized intersections (ft) -0.21 (-0.0002, 0.0012) -0.22 (-0.0002, 0.0008) -0.16 (-0.0001, 0.0343) -0.22 (-0.0003, 0.0003) -0.23 (-0.0002, 0.0006) Maxspcsig Maximum spacing of signalized intersections (ft) 0.23 (-0.0001, 0.0016) 0.21 (-0.0001, 0.0096) 0.29 (-0.0001, 0.0031) 0.16 (-0.0001, 0.0036) -0.03 (-0.0001, <0.0001) No3legsig Number of 3-legged signalized intersections 0.38 (0.0069, 0.8363) 0.40 (-0.0068, 0.8345) 0.32 (0.0008, 0.9820) 0.21 (-0.0117, 0.7833) 0.45 (0.0265, 0.5507) No4legsig Number of 4-legged signalized intersections 0.75 (0.0140, 0.1905) 0.83 (0.0151, 0.1631) 0.67 (0.0069, 0.5435) 0.51 (0.0194, 0.2044) 0.83 (0.0199, 0.1519) No5legsig Number of 5-legged signalized intersections 0.03 (0.0276, 0.8297) 0.05 (0.0335, 0.7782) 0.04 (0.0649, 0.6429) -0.04 (-0.0478, 0.7742) 0.06 (0.0081, 0.9605) Nortlsig Number of signalized intersections with right-turn lane on mainline 0.51 (-0.0009, 0.9743) 0.54 (0.0085, 0.7480) 0.60 (0.0126, 0.6835) 0.31 (-0.0294, 0.4072) 0.32 (-0.0123, 0.7136) Noltlsig Number of signalized intersections with left-turn lane on mainline 0.73 (0.0107, 0.2585) 0.80 (0.0103, 0.2821) 0.65 (0.0055, 0.5827) 0.46 (0.0125, 0.3548) 0.81 (0.0169, 0.1727) Medoplt Number of median openings with a left-turn lane 0.54 (0.0053, 0.6656) 0.58 (-0.0001, 0.9963) 0.55 (0.0051, 0.7064) 0.23 (-0.0061, 0.6960) 0.54 (0.0026, 0.8714) Medopnolt Number of median openings without a left-turn lane 0.26 (0.0008, 0.9867) 0.30 (-0.0171, 0.7046) 0.23 (-0.0047, 0.9293) 0.09 (-0.0377, 0.5061) 0.28 (-0.0269, 0.6578) Speed_limit Posted speed limit (mi/h) -0.02 (-0.0175, 0.1768) -0.08 (-0.0151, 0.1792) 0.13 (-0.0053, 0.7165) -0.07 (-0.0420, 0.0105) -0.26 (-0.0422, 0.0191) Spcoff lt Minimum spacing from off-ramp to left turn onto mainline from same side of road (ft) -0.27 (-0.0009, <0.0001) -0.26 (-0.0009, 0.0004) -0.26 (-0.0009, <0.0001) -0.15 (-0.0009, 0.0238) -0.34 (-0.0016, <0.0001) Spcoffrt Minimum spacing from off-ramp to right turn onto mainline from same side of road (ft) -0.23 (-0.0007, 0.0098) -0.28 (-0.0007, 0.0094) -0.18 (-0.0007, 0.0056) -0.05 (-0.0005, 0.2349) -0.39 (-0.0013, 0.0022) Spcon Minimum spacing from on-ramp to right turn onto mainline from same side of road (ft) -0.24 (-0.0003, 0.0753) -0.31 (-0.0003, 0.1818) -0.09 (-0.0002, 0.1939) -0.12 (-0.0004, 0.1588) -0.43 (-0.0009, 0.0017)

Variable Name Variable Description Correlation Coefficient (parameter estimate, p-value) Total Injury Rear-End Right-Angle Turning Proplight Proportion of total length with illumination present 0.02 (0.2319, 0.1731) 0.00 (0.2602, 0.1186) -0.06 (0.0437, 0.8293) 0.08 (0.4518, 0.0547) 0.15 (0.8585, <0.0001) Proppoorpvmnt Proportion of total length with a poor pavement condition 0.04 (-0.0015, 0.9980) -0.02 (-0.1620, 0.7781) 0.02 (-0.0690, 0.9248) 0.15 (0.7495, 0.3475) -0.03 (0.0705, 0.9245) Proplimconn Proportion of total length with limited connectivity on adjacent developments -0.08 (-0.1159, 0.5396) -0.12 (-0.2165, 0.2404) -0.10 (-0.0907, 0.6841) -0.07 (-0.3227, 0.2118) -0.08 (-0.5314, 0.0344) Propmodconn Proportion of total length with moderate connectivity on adjacent developments 0.18 (0.1387, 0.5941) 0.27 (0.1547, 0.5494) 0.24 (0.3923, 0.2023) -0.08 (-0.5664, 0.1228) 0.26 (0.6023, 0.0709) Propsigconn Proportion of total length with signif icant connectivity on adjacent developments -0.06 (0.0549, 0.8012) -0.09 (0.1799, 0.4012) -0.08 (-0.1831, 0.4797) 0.14 (0.7085, 0.0153) -0.12 (0.1949, 0.4985) Propfrontrd Proportion of total length with a frontage road 0.21 (0.2815, 0.1540) 0.31 (0.3999, 0.0404) 0.24 (0.2748, 0.2571) 0.08 (0.5250, 0.0500) 0.11 (-0.2668, 0.3005) Nocomfulldrwy Number of commercial full movement driveways 0.44 (-0.0006, 0.9051) 0.38 (-0.0012, 0.8194) 0.28 (-0.0042, 0.4789) 0.40 (0.0036, 0.6334) 0.49 (-0.0022, 0.7449) Noresfulldrwy Number of residential full movement driveways 0.29 (0.0011, 0.4183) 0.18 (0.0009, 0.5606) 0.11 (-0.0007, 0.6470) 0.36 (0.0024, 0.1820) 0.29 (0.0015, 0.4259) Nocomlimdrwy Number of commercial limited movement driveways 0.27 (-0.0112, 0.2353) 0.38 (-0.0091, 0.2842) 0.26 (-0.0075, 0.5070) 0.08 (-0.0158, 0.2164) 0.33 (-0.0159, 0.1738) Noreslimdrwy Number of residential limited movement driveways 0.11 (-0.0121, 0.0529) 0.25 (-0.0093, 0.1029) 0.10 (-0.0112, 0.1311) -0.03 (-0.0152, 0.0700) 0.21 (-0.0127, 0.1120) No3legunsig Number of 3-legged unsignalized intersections 0.33 (-0.0157, 0.0384) 0.31 (-0.0148, 0.0452) 0.24 (-0.0200, 0.0226) 0.31 (-0.0099, 0.3571) 0.31 (-0.0112, 0.2864) No4legunsig Number of 4-legged unsignalized intersections 0.35 (-0.0079, 0.6507) 0.24 (-0.0129, 0.4485) 0.19 (-0.0289, 0.1447) 0.49 (0.0251, 0.3096) 0.16 (-0.0102, 0.6888) No5legunsig Number of 5-legged unsignalized intersections -0.11 (-0.8966, 0.0245) -0.10 (-0.7390, 0.0678) -0.11 (-1.0360, 0.0285) -0.06 (-0.5482, 0.3516) -0.08 (-1.0205, 0.0562) No3legfullunsig Number of 3-legged full movement unsignalized intersections 0.20 (-0.0238, 0.0085) 0.16 (-0.0211, 0.0152) 0.11 (-0.0292, 0.0053) 0.22 (-0.0215, 0.0944) 0.19 (-0.0228, 0.0778) No3leglimunsig Number of 3-legged limited movement unsignalized intersections 0.37 (0.0045, 0.8554) 0.47 (0.0085, 0.7078) 0.35 (0.0060, 0.8351) 0.20 (0.0198, 0.5954) 0.36 (0.0060, 0.8618) No3legrirounsig Number of 3-legged right-in- right-out unsignalized intersections 0.38 (0.0074, 0.7777) 0.47 (0.0115, 0.6306) 0.36 (0.0088, 0.7703) 0.21 (0.0251, 0.5197) 0.36 (0.0088, 0.8089) No3leglfmounsig Number of 3-legged unsignalized intersections with no left-turn movement from crossroad 0.14 (-0.2607, 0.3209) 0.25 (-0.2215, 0.3615) 0.10 (-0.3207, 0.2815) 0.05 (-0.2915, 0.4250) 0.23 (-0.1280, 0.7161) No4legfullunsig Number of 4-legged full movement unsignalized intersections 0.35 (-0.0092, 0.5924) 0.25 (-0.0138, 0.4129) 0.19 (-0.0296, 0.1289) 0.49 (0.0246, 0.3141) 0.17 (-0.0148, 0.5494) Residential Table F-3. Correlation coefficients for residential land use.

No4leglimunsig Number of 4-legged limited movement unsignalized intersections -0.11 (0.5549, 0.1302) -0.13 (0.5363, 0.1799) -0.09 (0.5176, 0.2338) -0.09 (0.0112, 0.9850) -0.07 (1.2080, 0.0063) No4legrirounsig Number of 4-legged right-in- right-out unsignalized intersections -0.11 (0.5549, 0.1302) -0.13 (0.5363, 0.1799) -0.09 (0.5176, 0.2338) -0.09 (0.0112, 0.9850) -0.07 (1.2080, 0.0063) No4leglfmounsig Number of 4-legged unsignalized intersections with no left-turn movement from crossroad -- -- -- -- -- Nortlunsig Number of unsignalized intersections with right-turn lane 0.08 (-0.0831, 0.0007) 0.05 (-0.0671, 0.0045) 0.08 (-0.0987, 0.0023) 0.09 (-0.1015, 0.0020) -0.15 (-0.1352, <0.0001) Noltlunsig Number of unsignalized intersections with left-turn lane 0.18 (-0.0131, 0.2162) 0.14 (-0.0206, 0.0438) 0.11 (-0.0135, 0.2819) 0.14 (-0.0072, 0.6220) 0.34 (-0.0026, 0.8561) Minspcsig Minimum spacing of signalized intersections (ft) -0.34 (-0.0002, 0.0053) -0.33 (-0.0002, 0.0022) -0.22 (-0.0001, 0.1095) -0.33 (-0.0003, <0.0001) -0.31 (-0.0001, 0.3429) Maxspcsig Maximum spacing of signalized intersections (ft) 0.21 (-0.0001, 0.0096) 0.19 (-0.0001, 0.0124) 0.21 (-0.0001, 0.0771) 0.09 (-0.0001, 0.0558) 0.23 (-0.0001, 0.0384) No3legsig Number of 3-legged signalized intersections 0.37 (0.0284, 0.6507) 0.45 (0.0710, 0.2392) 0.36 (0.0642, 0.3957) 0.22 (-0.0198, 0.8114) 0.35 (-0.0116, 0.8834) No4legsig Number of 4-legged signalized intersections 0.69 (0.0394, 0.1479) 0.73 (0.0558, 0.0324) 0.54 (0.0134, 0.6604) 0.63 (0.1127, 0.0028) 0.52 (0.0292, 0.4357) No5legsig Number of 5-legged signalized intersections 0.11 (0.6930, 0.3056) 0.00 (0.0381, 0.9547) -0.01 (0.0881, 0.9124) 0.09 (1.1129, 0.2223) 0.28 (0.7192, 0.4027) Nortlsig Number of signalized intersections with right-turn lane on mainline 0.63 (-0.0063, 0.8532) 0.61 (-0.0018, 0.9555) 0.64 (0.0264, 0.5102) 0.48 (-0.0089, 0.8388) 0.28 (-0.0989, 0.0228) Noltlsig Number of signalized intersections with left-turn lane on mainline 0.62 (-0.0026, 0.9107) 0.67 (0.0051, 0.8111) 0.59 (0.0082, 0.7650) 0.50 (0.0166, 0.6044) 0.39 (-0.0273, 0.3513) Medoplt Number of median openings with a left-turn lane 0.10 (-0.0186, 0.5991) 0.26 (-0.0101, 0.7715) 0.06 (-0.0269, 0.5045) -0.01 (-0.0408, 0.3383) 0.28 (0.0342, 0.5411) Medopnolt Number of median openings without a left-turn lane -0.15 (-0.3795, 0.1112) -0.11 (-0.1744, 0.4988) -0.18 (-0.6913, 0.0098) -0.03 (0.1194, 0.6994) -0.08 (-0.3801, 0.2128) Speed_limit Posted speed limit (mi/h) 0.08 (0.0001, 0.9935) 0.11 (0.0010, 0.9240) 0.19 (0.0129, 0.3338) -0.10 (-0.0210, 0.1560) 0.06 (-0.0098, 0.5050) Spcoff lt Minimum spacing from off-ramp to left turn onto mainline from same side of road (ft) 0.28 (0.0032, 0.0020) 0.39 (0.0033, 0.0015) 0.20 (0.0046, 0.0042) 0.32 (0.0039, 0.0149) 0.31 (0.0019, 0.0634) Spcoffrt Minimum spacing from off-ramp to right turn onto mainline from same side of road (ft) 0.07 (0.0025, 0.0117) 0.20 (0.0024, 0.0179) -0.01 (0.0032, 0.0244) 0.11 (0.0022, 0.1459) 0.28 (0.0016, 0.0817) Spcon Minimum spacing from on-ramp to right turn onto mainline from same side of road (ft) -0.48 (0.0012, 0.2278) -0.46 (0.0001, 0.9015) -0.30 (0.0030, 0.0115) -0.60 (-0.0044, 0.0294) -0.27 (-0.0043, 0.0002)

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 Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management, Volume 1: Practitioner's Guide
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While research and empirical evidence have shown positive safety and operational benefits associated with good access management practices, it can be challenging for transportation agencies to implement access management strategies on the basis of safety performance without methods and tools to quantify the safety performance of alternatives.

The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Research Report 974: Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management, Volume 1: Practitioner’s Guide presents methods to help transportation planners, designers, and traffic engineers quantify the safety impacts of access management strategies and make more informed access-related decisions on urban and suburban arterials.

NCHRP Research Report 974: Application of Crash Modification Factors for Access Management, Volume 2: Research Overview documents the research process related to access management features.

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