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Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies: Appendices (2021)

Chapter: Appendix A: Survey Instruments for Transit Agencies, Local and Regional Governments, and Private Sector Companies

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Survey Instruments for Transit Agencies, Local and Regional Governments, and Private Sector Companies." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26194.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Survey Instruments for Transit Agencies, Local and Regional Governments, and Private Sector Companies." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26194.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Survey Instruments for Transit Agencies, Local and Regional Governments, and Private Sector Companies." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26194.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Survey Instruments for Transit Agencies, Local and Regional Governments, and Private Sector Companies." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26194.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Survey Instruments for Transit Agencies, Local and Regional Governments, and Private Sector Companies." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26194.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Survey Instruments for Transit Agencies, Local and Regional Governments, and Private Sector Companies." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26194.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Survey Instruments for Transit Agencies, Local and Regional Governments, and Private Sector Companies." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26194.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Survey Instruments for Transit Agencies, Local and Regional Governments, and Private Sector Companies." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26194.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Survey Instruments for Transit Agencies, Local and Regional Governments, and Private Sector Companies." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26194.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Survey Instruments for Transit Agencies, Local and Regional Governments, and Private Sector Companies." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26194.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Survey Instruments for Transit Agencies, Local and Regional Governments, and Private Sector Companies." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26194.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Survey Instruments for Transit Agencies, Local and Regional Governments, and Private Sector Companies." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26194.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Survey Instruments for Transit Agencies, Local and Regional Governments, and Private Sector Companies." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies: Appendices. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26194.
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APPENDIX A SURVEY INSTRUMENTS FOR TRANSIT AGENCIES, LOCAL AND REGIONAL GOVERNMENTS, AND PRIVATE SECTOR COMPANIES

Appendix A Survey Instruments A-1 TRANSIT AGENCY QUESTIONNAIRE Version A: Rail and Multi-Modal Agencies Part A. Introduction What the Study is About: Joint Development Joint Development is a subset of transit-oriented development. It consists of residential, commercial, civic, or mixed-use development that is closely coordinated with a transit facility and in which the transit agency participates through the use of its property, funding, or some other form of real estate or business transaction. The transit agency benefits not only through increased ridership, but through system improvements or revenues derived from the development. Joint Development may or may not involve the Federal Transit Administration (FTA). The circumstances under which FTA jurisdiction applies, and a series of questions about your agency’s experience with that process, are found in Part F (questions 25-26) of this survey. Please answer questions 2-24 (as applicable to your agency) irrespective of FTA involvement. Part B. Joint Development on Transit Property 1. Joint Development Activity Joint Development often occurs on transit agency property at or near a station or transit center. Such property can include park & ride lots, other land parcels, air rights, or portions of the station building available for residential, commercial, or civic use. a) Has your agency undertaken any Joint Development projects on agency property? Are you currently contemplating or planning any such projects? If “no”: please skip to and answer questions 2-4 and 21-26. If “yes”: please continue, answering all questions as applicable. b) Have you undertaken, or are you planning, a single Joint Development project, two or three projects, or an ongoing program? c) We would like to read any published materials (such as case studies or conference presentations) on your agency’s Joint Development project(s). If applicable, can you provide web link(s) to such materials? 2. Station Area Real Property a) Does your agency own property potentially suitable for Joint Development in one or more station areas? If yes, are there just one or two such properties or a portfolio with numerous sites? b) In planning new or extended transit corridors, do you always seek to minimize right-of-way acquisitions, or are you open to strategic acquisitions that will facilitate Joint Development at key station areas? Is this a planning priority?

Appendix A Survey Instruments A-2 3. Enabling Act or Charter a) Does your agency’s Enabling Act or charter address Joint Development, either by name or by description? Does it contemplate Joint Development (or some related term, such as “transit-oriented development” or “development coordinated with transit facilities”) as part of your agency’s public purpose? Is your Enabling Act or charter silent on this type of activity? b) In particular, what does your Enabling Act or charter say with respect to acquisition and disposition of land for development? Or the ability to enter into a variety of contracts with respect to development? c) Can you provide a web link to your Enabling Act or charter? 4. Joint Development Program or Policy a) Does your agency have an officially adopted and published Joint Development Policy or Program? Note: if you have an official “TOD Policy” that covers your agency’s Joint Development activities (such as the developer procurement, selection, and negotiation process), please answer “yes”. If yes: b) When was your current official policy adopted? Did it replace or revise an earlier version? c) Can you provide a link to your official Joint Development policy? 5. Interface with Local Zoning and Land Use Policies a) Describe your agency’s relationship with local planning, development, and regulatory jurisdictions. Are they generally “TOD-friendly”? b) Is commercial, residential, or mixed-use development on transit agency property subject to local zoning? c) Is local zoning in your service area generally consistent with basic TOD principles, such as density, mix of uses, pedestrian- and transit-friendly urban design, and reduced parking ratios? d) If your agency has an official Joint Development Policy (i.e., if you answered “yes” to question 4a), does your policy include specific standards with respect to use, density, and urban design? 6. Affordable Housing a) Does your agency have an affordable or inclusionary housing requirement? That is, do you, as the land owner, require specific affordable housing outcomes in Joint Development projects on your property? b) Do any of the local zoning jurisdictions in your service area have their own affordable or inclusionary housing requirements, which your agency is required to apply in the case of Joint Development projects? c) If both your agency and local zoning authorities have affordable or inclusionary housing requirements, which is the more demanding? d) If affordable or inclusionary housing is required in Joint Development projects (whether by your policy or by local zoning), do you support or assist your developers in pursuing public financing or subsidy programs?

Appendix A Survey Instruments A-3 7. Sustainable Design and Construction a) Do you, as the land owner, require specific sustainability outcomes, such as a certain LEED threshold, in Joint Development projects on your property? b) Do any of the local zoning jurisdictions in your service area have their own sustainability requirements, which your agency is required to apply in the case of Joint Development projects? c) If both your agency and local zoning authorities have sustainable design requirements, which is the more demanding? 8. Parking a) For residential, commercial, or mixed-use projects on your land, does your agency encourage or require reduced parking ratios and shared parking? b) If yes: are your Joint Development parking policies compatible with local zoning, or do your projects need zoning relief to achieve reduced parking? 9. Joint Development Goals and Metrics a) How would you characterize your agency’s financial goals with respect to Joint Development? For example: monetizing real property assets; generating ridership and farebox revenue; off-loading certain station operation and maintenance costs by assigning them to a developer. b) Does your agency’s Joint Development program also have non-financial goals? For example: producing affordable housing; enhancing station- area safety and security; influencing development in the larger station area; gaining a seat at the table with local or regional land use planners? c) From your agency’s perspective, how do these various goal rank in importance? Part C. How You Carry Out Joint Development Projects 10. Joint Development Implementation Capacity a) For your agency, does the technical capacity to undertake Joint Development exist mostly in-house, or is much of your Joint Development activity outsourced to consultants? b) If outsourced, which aspects in particular? Market analysis? Legal? Design Review? Other? 11. Site Selection and Readiness a) How does your agency evaluate whether a particular site is ready to be offered for Joint Development? A market study? Industry outreach? Other factors? b) Have you sought to have a potential Joint Development site upzoned to allow greater density and land value? 12. Site Assembly: Partnering with Other Public Land Owners a) Have you undertaken, or are you currently planning, any projects in which the Joint Development site is assembled by combining land owned by your agency with land owned by another public agency? b) If yes: please describe the process. How did your agency and your public partner handle the management of the developer selection process? How did you allocate Joint Development costs and revenues? c) Do you envision opportunities for this type of combined land assembly, even if no such projects have yet emerged?

Appendix A Survey Instruments A-4 13. Site Definition: Transit Facilities a) Has your agency undertaken, or are you currently planning, Joint Development projects on surface park & ride lots? b) If yes: please describe how you determine whether to replace 100% of the affected spaces or some other percentage. Does your Joint Development Policy address this issue? c) Does your agency generally prefer to have the developer build the replacement garage, or to build it yourselves? d) Have you undertaken, or are you planning, Joint Development projects affecting transit facilities other than park & ride (such as busways, pick- up/drop-off areas, pedestrian plazas, bike stations, etc.)? e) Can you describe any “lessons learned” from your experience with transit facility design in the context of Joint Development projects? 14. Land Disposition Method a) Does your agency prefer to convey Joint Development rights through long- term ground lease or outright sale? Is there a written policy to this effect? 15. Determining Land Price and Compensation a) When your agency sells or leases property for development, is the method of determining the minimum price set by law? (For example, does your Enabling Act or other applicable law require a price at least equal to the appraised Fair Market Value?) b) Are you required to accept the highest responsible bid, or are you allowed to judge “best value” across a range of factors including price? c) In your Joint Development projects, have you structured your compensation to include a share of the development’s future performance? d) Have you used in-kind contributions as part of your compensation? For example, the developer paying to build transit components, or to operate and maintain them? 16. Project Feasibility a) In your Joint Development projects, have you encountered tension between the agency’s desired compensation, on the one hand, and project feasibility from the developer’s standpoint, on the other? b) Has this revolved around the question of which party is financially responsible for a park & ride garage or other transit facilities? c) Have you provided funding of your own, or pursued federal, state, or local infrastructure funding or development finance incentives, to enhance a project’s feasibility? If so, please describe. d) Have you used land value discounts to make projects such as affordable housing feasible? 17. Developer Solicitation a) In procuring developers, which is your agency’s preferred form of solicitation: a Request for Qualifications (RFQ), Request for Proposals (RFP), a combination of the two, or a hybrid? Can you provide a link to a typical RFQ, RFP, or other solicitation document? b) Have you used Requests for Expressions of Interest (RFEIs) to get feedback before a formal offering? If so, what was your experience? c) Does your agency have a written policy setting forth how it will respond to unsolicited Joint Development proposals?

Appendix A Survey Instruments A-5 18. Developer Negotiation and Closing a) Once your agency has selected a developer, is there a Joint Development Agreement or similar type of contract that governs the period between the initial selection (or preliminary designation) and the execution of the final land disposition (the ground lease or deed of sale)? b) Are there templates of your Joint Development Agreement or final disposition agreements for which you can provide web links? 19. Design and Construction a) Once a Joint Development project is ready to proceed, what type of Design Review does your agency require? Is this process established in the Joint Development Agreement? b) Does your agency have a written manual governing developer construction on or adjoining an operating rail or bus facility? Does this include a process for interfacing with agency staff; specific rules for design and construction in close proximity to overhead or underground structures; and provisions for maintenance of operations? 20. Stakeholder Engagement a) How does your agency allocate the responsibility for stakeholder engagement and management? Once a developer is selected for a given project, do they assume most of the responsibility for stakeholder outreach, or does the lead responsibility stay with the agency? b) Does your agency make the developer, once chosen, fully responsible for development-related permits? Does the agency actively support the developer’s efforts? Are there certain permitting or approval activities that the agency reserves for itself throughout the process? c) Have neighborhood groups reacted to particular aspects of proposed Joint Development projects—such as density, affordable housing, or concerns about reduced parking? Other? d) In general, how successful has the stakeholder engagement process been in your agency’s Joint Development activity? Part D. Other Forms of Joint Development 21. Stations Funded or Built by Adjacent Developers Thus far, we’ve addressed joint development on transit agency property. An alternative form of joint development occurs when the developer of adjacent property pays for, contributes to, or actually builds a new station or a major station upgrade. a) Has your agency participated in any such projects, or have any such opportunities arisen in your transit system? (If yes, please answer question 20 if not already answered.) b) Has your agency participated in projects where an adjacent developer or property owner pays the agency for the right to build a direct pedestrian connection to the station?

Appendix A Survey Instruments A-6 22. Street-Running Transit Corridors To this point, we’ve been addressing Joint Development at off-street locations, where transit agencies own station buildings, parking lots, surplus land, or air rights. Now let’s turn to services that run in the street and generally aren’t associated with off-street real estate—like bus lines, on-street bus rapid transit, streetcars, or street-running light rail lines. a) Are there locations where the City or some other public agency is assembling land and promoting TOD along one of your street-running transit corridors? If so, could there be an opportunity to engage in a real estate partnership with that public land owner? 23. Non-Station/Non- Passenger Locations Finally, some transit agencies have properties that may be suitable for Joint Development at non-station, non-passenger-related locations. These cases, while not necessarily representing transit-oriented development, may be valuable opportunities to monetize an asset. a) Does your agency own a rail or bus maintenance facility, or a vehicle yard, with excess land or air rights? Could these excess real property assets be offered for development compatible with the facility’s operation and any future expansion needs? b) Does your agency need to procure a new facility of this type? Could this facility be delivered through Joint Development? • Part E. Value Capture 24. TIF or Special Assessment Districts a) Has any local government created a Tax Increment Finance (TIF) District, California Enhanced Infrastructure Finance District (EIFD), or Special Assessment District in one or several of your station areas? b) If a TIF, does it take the form of a tax abatement to the developer, or does it generate a revenue stream to the local government? c) If a revenue stream: does any of this value capture revenue flow to your agency to support transit capital costs, or does it all stay with the City? • Part F: FTA 25. Degree of FTA Involvement In general, if a transit agency proposes a Joint Development project on land that was acquired or improved with FTA assistance, or to use FTA funds to construct certain aspects of the Joint Development project, then the project requires FTA review and approval under the provisions of FTA’s current Joint Development Guide (Circular 7050 1A). a) Was most of your agency’s operating real estate (stations, park & ride lots, maintenance yards, etc.) acquired or improved with FTA assistance? Some of your real estate (which service modes or corridors)? None of it? 26. Experience With FTA On Joint Development Projects a) Has your agency interacted with FTA about one or more actual or proposed Joint Development projects? If yes, about how many? b) Did FTA approve the project(s)? c) Please describe the process. Were there aspects that worked well? Not so well? Did you feel the process was straightforward? Confusing? d) Has your agency undertaken projects on FTA-assisted property through a process other than FTA Joint Development review (for example, by disposing of the land as surplus property)? If so, please describe.

Appendix A Survey Instruments A-7 PRIVATE SECTOR QUESTIONNAIRE What the Study is About: Joint Development Joint Development is a subset of transit-oriented development (TOD). It consists of residential, commercial, civic, or mixed-use development that is closely coordinated with a transit facility and in which the transit agency participates through the use of its property, funding, or some other form of real estate or business transaction. Joint Development often occurs on transit agency property, but can also occur through other deal structures—for example, an adjacent developer agreeing to pay for a new station or a station improvement. In this survey, we’re interested in your views—as an actor in the private- sector real estate market—about TOD in general, and about Joint Development in particular. Open-Ended Questions 1. TOD In General In your view, and based on your experience: e) What attracts developers, lenders, and investors to TOD? f) What are the principal hurdles to making TOD work, as compared to development in non-transit settings? 2. Joint Development In your view, and based on your experience: a) What attracts developers, lenders, and investors to Joint Development projects? b) What are the principal hurdles to making Joint Development work? Are there extra costs, risks, or complexities involved when undertaking development on transit agency land or in partnership with a transit agency? c) If yes: what needs to be present to make the project worth pursuing? d) Does Joint Development require the development team to have capacities or skill sets not typically required for other types of development? Specific Questions Applicable to TOD in General and Joint Development 3. Location Readiness a) How do you evaluate location readiness when considering a TOD or Joint Development opportunity? Among the usual factors—market activity, surrounding land values, transportation access, regulatory support—is there a different emphasis for TOD or Joint Development? 4. Parking a) In your experience, has local zoning required too much parking for TOD or Joint Development? Have the developer and the transit agency been on the same page with respect to parking? 5. Affordable Housing a) In your TOD or Joint Development experience, have there been specific affordable or inclusionary goals or requirements? b) Has the affordable housing been supported through density bonuses, tax credits, or other public subsidy programs? If so, please describe.

Appendix A Survey Instruments A-8 6. Development Incentives Aside from affordable housing programs: a) In your experience, do TOD or Joint Development projects require public development incentives in order to be feasible? (For example, brownfield assistance, state or local economic development finance tools, or local infrastructure grants?) b) Have you found such incentives to be reasonably available for TOD and Joint Development? 7. New Market Tax Credits and Federal Opportunity Zones a) In your experience, have New Market Tax Credits had a significant effect on the feasibility of TOD or Joint Development? If so, how? b) Do you expect the new Opportunity Zone mechanism to have a significant effect on TOD and Joint Development? 8. Community Response a) Have neighborhood groups reacted to particular aspects of proposed TOD or Joint Development permitting—such as density, affordable housing, or concerns about reduced parking? Other issues? b) If so, did those interactions result in modifications to your project or changes in the development requirements from the local jurisdiction? Specific Questions Applicable to Joint Development Projects Only 9. Joint Development Projects a) Has your company been involved in Joint Development projects, or are you actively contemplating one? • If “no” (no actual or contemplated projects), conclude. If “yes”, continue. b) Are there one or two projects that you would cite as examples of your company’s work? 10. Transit Agency Capacity for Joint Development a) In your experience, how would you characterize the capacity of transit agencies to achieve a successful Joint Development project? You might respond in terms of economic understanding, negotiating skill, design and construction oversight, or other factors. b) In your experience, have you found that transit agencies involved in joint development projects are able to speak with one voice? 11. Developer Selection a) When making a site available for Joint Development, transit agencies may use a Request for Expressions of Interest (RFEI), Request for Qualifications (RFQ), a Request for Proposals (RFP), or some combination of these. Is there a method you think is most conducive to getting good proposals? b) Have you initiated a Joint Development project by making an unsolicited proposal to a transit agency? Did the project go forward?

Appendix A Survey Instruments A-9 12. Zoning and Permitting a) In your experience, is the entitlement and permitting process for Joint Development projects unusually complex, compared to other projects? b) On your Joint Development project(s), who has had the lead responsibility for getting the project permitted— the transit agency or the developer? Was this division of responsibility effective and appropriate? c) Was suitable zoning in place before the transit agency made the site available for development, or did the project need zoning relief or rezoning to go forward? 13. Project Economics and Land Value a) When affordable housing is required as part of a Joint Development project, has the transit agency’s land price reflected that requirement? b) How difficult is it for transit agencies and Joint Development partners to converge on a mutually feasible land cost? What are the complicating factors? c) How common is it for the transit agency and the developer to have diverging expectations about who will pay for infrastructure and site improvements? d) Does the market require a different rate of return on Joint Development projects, compared to other TOD? 14. Overall Assessment a) Based on your experience, are there steps that transit agencies could take to make their Joint Development programs work better? Things they might do differently?

Appendix A Survey Instruments A-10 LOCAL GOVERNMENT QUESTIONNAIRE What this Study is About: Joint Development Joint Development is a subset of transit-oriented development (TOD). It consists of residential, commercial, civic, or mixed-use development that is closely coordinated with a transit facility and in which the transit agency participates through the use of its property, funding, or some other form of real estate or business transaction. The community and region benefit from more sustainable growth; the transit agency benefits not only through increased ridership, but through system improvements or revenues derived from the development. This Survey In this survey, we ask questions, from your jurisdiction’s perspective, about TOD in general, as well as any Joint Development activity in which your regional transit agency may be involved. We know [jurisdiction] has been a leader in TOD. This interview is meant to provide your insight on specific topics pertaining to this study. 1. Local Land Use and Zoning Policies a) Is TOD a priority for [jurisdiction] in land use planning and zoning? b) Has [jurisdiction] included TOD policies within your comprehensive or general plan, or published an official TOD Policy? If yes: can you provide a web link to the plan or TOD Policy? c) Is TOD a permitted use in local zoning without discretionary approval? d) In your view, is local zoning generally consistent with basic TOD principles, such as higher densities, mix of uses, pedestrian and transit-friendly urban design, and reduced parking requirements in transit-served areas? Has zoning been changed in recent years to facilitate TOD? e) Is commercial, residential, or mixed-use development on transit agency property subject to local zoning? f) Has TOD been used to achieve other public policy goals, such as providing housing, supporting economic development, reducing greenhouse gas emissions, encouraging healthy communities, or promoting active transportation? 2. Transit Agency Role in TOD a) From your perspective, does the transit agency take an active role in promoting TOD? b) If yes: c) Would you say their TOD policies are generally consistent with local or regional zoning land use policy? d) Do the transit agency and [jurisdiction] work collaboratively on TOD?

Appendix A Survey Instruments A-11 3. Transit Agency Joint Development Activity a) Has the transit agency undertaken, or are they planning, any Joint Development projects as defined above? b) If yes, complete (b) through (e); if no, skip to Question 4: c) Is this a single Joint Development project, two or three projects, or an ongoing program? d) How do you feel the Joint Development project(s) were managed during construction, in terms of traffic, pedestrian conditions, transit service, etc.? e) How do you feel the Joint Development project(s) turned out in the end? f) Are there steps the transit agency could take to make their Joint Development projects work better? Things they might do differently? 4. Partnering with the Transit Agency to Offer Developable Land a) Are there places where [jurisdiction] owns land, or is assembling land, near a transit station or along a transit corridor? b) If so, have you considered working with the transit agency to pool your land holdings, or to jointly prepare the land for development? c) If you and the transit agency have actually partnered in this fashion, can you describe how the process worked? How the responsibilities and shares of the development proceeds were allocated? 5. Parking a) For residential, commercial, or mixed-use development at or near transit, does local zoning require reduced parking ratios and shared parking? 6. Affordable Housing a) Does [jurisdiction] or any other jurisdiction have an affordable or inclusionary housing requirement for new development? If so, can you summarize the requirement, or provide a web link to it? b) Does the transit agency have an affordable or inclusionary housing policy of its own, which it applies to JD projects on its property? c) If both local authorities and the transit agency have affordable or inclusionary housing requirements, which is the more demanding? d) If affordable or inclusionary housing is required in Joint Development projects, do you support or assist developers in pursuing affordable housing finance or subsidy programs? 7. Development Incentives a) Aside from affordable housing programs: b) Does [jurisdiction] make development incentives available for TOD? (For example, brownfield assistance, economic development finance tools, tax abatements, local infrastructure grants, or expedited permit processing)? These might be programs offered at the local, county, or region level, or state programs in which [jurisdiction] has input.) If yes: c) Is TOD a particular priority for the use of these incentives? d) Have you provided such incentives to any Joint Development project involving the transit agency?

Appendix A Survey Instruments A-12 8. TIF or Special Assessment Districts a) Has the [jurisdiction] or any local taxing jurisdiction created a Tax Increment Finance (TIF) District, Enhanced Infrastructure Finance District (EIFD), or Special Assessment District in any station area or transit corridor? If yes: b) Is TOD a particular focus of the TIF or value capture program? c) If a TIF, does it take the form of a tax abatement to the developer, or does it generate a revenue stream to the local government? d) If a revenue stream: does any of this value capture revenue flow to the transit agency, or does it all stay with the local taxing jurisdiction? 9. Stakeholder Engagement a) Have neighborhood groups reacted to particular aspects of proposed TOD zoning or permitting—such as density, affordable housing, traffic, reduced parking, or infrastructure adequacy? Other issues? b) If so, has this led to projects being changed? c) If the transit agency is involved in a zoning request, or in a Joint Development project that requires local permitting, do they play a visible role in stakeholder outreach? d) In general, how successful has the stakeholder engagement process been with respect to TOD in general and, if applicable, Joint Development in particular?

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Joint development is a subset of transit‐oriented development. It consists of residential, commercial, civic, or mixed‐use development that is closely coordinated with a transit facility and in which the transit agency participates through the use of its property, funding, or some other form of real estate or business transaction.

The TRB Transit Cooperative Research Program's TCRP Web-Only Document 73: Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies: Appendices provides supplemental information to TCRP Research Report 224: Guide to Joint Development for Public Transportation Agencies.

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