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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26199.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26199.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26199.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26199.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26199.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26199.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26199.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26199.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26199.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26199.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26199.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26199.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26199.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26199.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26199.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26199.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26199.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26199.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26199.
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A-1 Appendix A. 3R Project Implementation Cost Estimation Procedures Procedures have been developed to estimate the cost of implementing a 3R project, including construction and right-of-way (ROW) costs. Clearly, construction and ROW costs vary widely across the United States. The procedures estimate typical or average implementation costs for projects that are suitable for application in benefit–cost analyses. The implementation cost for a 3R project for use in benefit–cost analysis of potential design improvements is the total construction and ROW cost minus the pavement resurfacing cost that would have been incurred whether or not design improvements are implemented. These procedures are used in the benefit– cost analysis spreadsheet tools to provide default values for 3R project implementation costs. Highway agencies are encouraged to use their own cost estimation procedures to obtain more accurate local or site-specific project implementation cost estimates. Separate discussions are presented for nonfreeway and freeway projects. A.1 Cost Estimation Procedures for Nonfreeway Projects A.1.1 Cost Estimates for Cross Section Improvements A.1.1.1 User Input Application of the cost estimation procedures requires input data on the existing site characteristics (before construction) and the proposed site characteristics (after construction). The roadway types that can be considered with the procedures include:  Rural two-lane undivided highway (R2U)  Rural four-lane undivided highway (R4U)  Rural four-lane divided highway (nonfreeway) (R4D)  Urban two-lane undivided highway (U2U)  Urban four-lane undivided highway (U4U)  Urban four-lane divided highway (nonfreeway) (U4D) The number of lanes is specified as part of the roadway type. The following terrain types are considered:  level  rolling  mountainous The typical embankment height is determined from the terrain type, based on typical values developed in NCHRP Report 362 (45).  2.5 ft for level terrain

A-2  3 ft for rolling terrain  4.5 ft for mountainous terrain The data needed for existing and proposed geometrics, including allowable values for which the procedure has been tested include:  Lane width (9, 10, 11, or 12 ft)  Shoulder width (0, 2, 4, 6, or 8 ft)  Shoulder type (paved or unpaved)  Roadside foreslope (1V:2H, 1V:3H, 1V:4H, or 1V:6H)  Roadway length with improved guardrail (ft) The following roadway characteristics also need to be specified and are assumed to remain the same both before and after the project:  Roadway length (mi); i.e., length of project  Pavement type (flexible, rigid)  Pavement depth (in); needed for flexible pavement only  Pavement milling depth (in); needed for flexible pavement only  Pavement base depth (in)  Shoulder pavement depth (in); needed for flexible pavement only  Shoulder pavement milling depth (in); needed for flexible pavement only  Shoulder base depth (in) A.1.1.2 Cost Estimating Procedures The estimated cost for cross section improvements is estimated with the following sequence of equations. The unit cost and estimating assumptions are presented in Section A.3. Milling Width, Quantity, and Cost First, the milling width, quantity and cost are calculated in Equations (A-1), (A-2), and (A-3), separately. This refers to milling of the existing lanes. 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 (A-1) 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-2) 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑑 (A-3)

A-3 Resurfacing Width, Quantity, and Cost Next, the resurfacing width [see Equation (A-4)], quantity [see Equations (A-5) and (A-6)] and cost [see Equations (A-7) and (A-8)] are calculated. The quantity and cost are dependent on the pavement type. This only considers resurfacing of the existing lanes. 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 (A-4) 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑓𝑡⁄ 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-5) 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑦𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-6) 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡, 𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 $ 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑛 (A-7) 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡, 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 $ 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑑 (A-8) Surfacing Width, Quantity, and Cost of Widened Traveled Way The surfacing width of the widened traveled way [see Equation (A-9)], surfacing quantity [see Equations (A-10) and (A-11)] and surfacing cost [see Equations (A-12) and (A-13)] are determined. This only refers to additional lane width that is added due to the improvement project. The quantity and cost are dependent on the pavement type. 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑡 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 (A-9) 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦,𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑓𝑡⁄ 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 5280 𝑓𝑡1 𝑚𝑖 1 𝑓𝑡 12 𝑖𝑛 (A-10) 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦, 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑦𝑑 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 5280 𝑓𝑡 / 1 𝑚𝑖 1 𝑦𝑑 / 9 𝑓𝑡 (A-11) 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦,𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 $ 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑛 (A-12) 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦, 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 $ 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑑 (A-13)

A-4 Additional Base Width, Quantity, and Cost of Widened Traveled Way The additional base width for the widened traveled way [see Equation (A-14)], additional base quantity [see Equation (A-15)] and additional base cost [see Equation (A-16)] are calculated for the base under the widened portion of lanes. 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑡 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑡 (A-14) 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 〖𝑦𝑑〗^3 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 1 𝑓𝑡 / 12 𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 5280 𝑓𝑡 / 1 𝑚𝑖 1 〖𝑦𝑑〗^3 / 27 〖𝑓𝑡〗^3 (A-15) 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 $ 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑑 (A-16) Shoulder Milling Cost for Existing Roadway The shoulder milling width [see Equations (A-17) and (A-18)], quantity [see Equation (A-19)] and cost [see Equation (A-20)] are calculated for the existing roadway. Note that if the lanes are being widened, then shoulder milling does not take place. New shoulders will be constructed regardless of whether the shoulder widths change during the improvement. If the surfacing width for widened traveled way equals zero and the existing paved shoulder width and improved paved shoulder width are the same, then the shoulder milling width equals zero. If the surfacing width for widened traveled way equals zero and the improved paved shoulder width is different than the existing paved shoulder width, use Equation (A-17). If the surfacing width for widened traveled way does not equal zero, use Equation (A-18). 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 2 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 (A-17) 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 2 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 (A-18) If the improved lane width is greater than the existing lane width, then the shoulder milling quantity equals zero. Otherwise use Equation (A-19). 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 5280 𝑓𝑡1 𝑚𝑖 1 𝑦𝑑 9 𝑓𝑡 (A-19) 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑑 (A-20)

A-5 Shoulder Resurfacing Cost for Existing Roadway Next, the shoulder resurfacing width [see Equation (A-21)], quantity [see Equations (A-22) and (A-23)] and cost [see Equations (A-24) and (A-25)] are determined for the existing roadway. Similar to the shoulder milling, shoulder resurfacing only takes place when the lane widths do not change as a result of the 3R project. If the shoulder milling width equals zero, then the shoulder resurfacing width equals zero. If the shoulder milling width does not equal zero and the surfacing width for widened traveled way is greater than zero, then the shoulder resurfacing width equals zero. If the shoulder milling width does not equal zero and the surfacing width for widened traveled way is not greater than zero, use Equation (A-21). 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 2 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 (A-21) 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦,𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑓𝑡⁄ 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 5280 𝑓𝑡1 𝑚𝑖 1 𝑓𝑡 12 𝑖𝑛 (A-22) 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑦𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-23) 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡,𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑛 (A-24) 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑑 (A-25) Paving Cost for New Shoulder The new shoulder pavement width [see Equations (A-26) and (A-27)], quantity [see Equations (A-28) and (A-29)] and cost [see Equations (A-30) and (A-31)] is calculated. Shoulder widening refers to new shoulder pavement. New shoulder pavement occurs anytime additional lane width is added regardless of whether the paved shoulder width increases. If the lane width remains the same, new shoulder pavement is present only if the paved shoulder width increases as a result of the 3R project. If the surfacing width for widened traveled way is greater than zero or if the unpaved shoulder width is being paved as part of the 3R project, use Equation (A-26). Otherwise, use Equation (A- 27). 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 2 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 (A-26) 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 2 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 (A-27)

A-6 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦,𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑓𝑡⁄ 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-28) 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑦𝑑 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-29) 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡,𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 $ 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑛 (A-30) 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡, 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 $ 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑑 (A-31) Shoulder Base Width The shoulder base width [see Equation (A-32)], quantity [see Equation (A-33)] and cost [see Equation (A-34)] are determined. Shoulder base refers to the base installed under any new shoulder pavement. 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 (A-32) 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-33) 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑑 (A-34) Unpaved Shoulder Cost Lastly, unpaved shoulder quantity and cost [see Equation (A-38)] are calculated. If the lane width changes, then the entire improved unpaved shoulder width is considered in the calculations. If the condition shown in Equation (A-35) is true, use Equation (A-36) to calculate the unpaved shoulder quantity. If the condition shown in Equation (A-35) is false, use Equation (A-37). 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 0 (A-35) 𝑈𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 2 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑈𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑈𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 5280 𝑓𝑡1 𝑚𝑖 1 𝑦𝑑 9 𝑓𝑡 (A-36)

A-7 𝑈𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 2 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑈𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-37) 𝑈𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑈𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑢𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑑 (A-38) Additional Embankment Cost (Earthwork) The cost estimate tool determines the cost of additional embankment needed for the project. First, the embankment quantity is calculated, followed by the cost calculation [see Equation (A-42)]. If the existing slope and the improved slope are the same and the condition shown in Equation (A-39) is true, then the embankment quantity equals zero. Otherwise, use Equation (A-40) to calculate the embankment quantity. 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑡 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 = 0 (A-39) 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 〈 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑡 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 〉 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑓𝑡 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 5280 𝑓𝑡1 𝑚𝑖 1 𝑦𝑑 27 𝑓𝑡 (A-40) Use Equation (A-41) to calculate the slope ratio for improved slope. For example, Error! Reference source not found.1 shows a slope whose slope ratio equals four. 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 (A-41) Figure A-1. Roadside Foreslope with Slope Rate of 4. If the embankment quantity is greater than or equal to zero then use Equation (A-42) to determine the embankment cost. Otherwise, the embankment cost is zero. 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑑 (A-42) Incidental costs [see Equation (A-43)] are a percentage of the total cost of base, pavement, embankment and guardrail. Table A-1 shows how these percentages are derived based on the road type. Horizontal Slope 1 4 V er tic al S lo pe Co m po ne nt

A-8 Table A-1. Incidental Cost Percentages by Road Type for Nonfreeways Drainage EC TC Sign/PM Lighting Total Rural Two-Lane Undivided 0.9% 0.3% 8.0% 7.5% 0.0% 16.7% Rural Four-Lane Undivided 0.4% 0.1% 8.0% 5.0% 0.0% 13.5% Urban Two-Lane Undivided 0.8% 0.0% 8.0% 7.0% 0.0% 15.8% Urban Four-Lane Undivided 0.4% 0.0% 8.0% 5.5% 0.0% 13.9% Urban Four-Lane Divided 0.4% 0.0% 8.0% 5.0% 0.0% 13.4% 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 $ 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒 % 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 $ 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑈𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ (A-43) Right-of-Way Cost The distance to the right-of-way line, defined as the distance in feet from the centerline to the outside edge of the roadside foreslope, is calculated [see Equations (A-44) and (A-46)] for existing and improved conditions. The formula for the slope ratio for existing slope is shown in Equation (A-45). 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑈𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑓𝑡 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 (A-44) 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 (A-45) 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑓𝑡 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 (A-46) Next, the right-of-way width [see Equation (A-47)], quantity [see Equation (A-48)] and cost [see Equation (A-49)] are determined. Table A-4 displays the right-of-way cost per acre as a function of road type. 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 2 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑡 – 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑡 (A-47) 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-48) If the ROW quantity is greater than or equal to zero, then use Equation (A-49) to calculate the ROW cost. Otherwise, the ROW cost equals zero.

A-9 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒 (A-49) Total Improvement Cost Lastly, the total cost [see Equation (A-50)] of the project is calculated. The net cost [see Equation (A-51)] is the total cost of the 3R project without milling and resurfacing of the lanes. 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 $ 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 $ 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑈𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ (A-50) 𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ (A-51) A.1.2 Unit Costs and Assumptions Table A-2 contains the unit costs used as defaults in the cost estimation procedures of Section A.1.1. Highway agencies using the benefit–cost analysis spreadsheets for 3R projects may replace these values with their own local values. Table A-2. Unit Costs Type Unit Unit cost Milling yd2 $2 Asphalt Pavement Resurfacing ton $55 Rigid Pavement Resurfacing yd2 $40 Base yd3 $10 Shoulder Milling yd2 $2 Unpaved Shoulder yd2 $1 Earthwork yd $8 Guardrail ft $20 Pavement Removal yd2 $10 Excavation yd2 $8 Table A-3 shows the right-of-way cost per acre for each of the six road types in the cost estimation procedure presented in Section A.1.1.

A-10 Table A-3. Right-of-Way Cost per Acre by Road Type ROW cost per acre Rural Two-Lane Undivided $5,000 Rural Four-Lane Undivided $5,000 Rural Four-Lane Divided $5,000 Urban Two-Lane Undivided $50,000 Urban Four-Lane Undivided $50,000 Urban Four-Lane Divided $50,000 The asphalt density assumed for quantity calculations is 115 tons/1500 ft3. A.2 Cost Estimation Procedures for Freeway Projects A.2.1 Cost Estimates for Freeway Cross Section Improvements A.2.1.1 User Input Application of the cost estimation procedures requires input data on the existing site characteristics (before construction) and the proposed site characteristics (after construction). The roadway types that can be considered with the procedures include:  Rural four-lane freeway (R4F)  Rural six-lane freeway (R6F)  Urban four-lane freeway (U4F)  Urban six-lane freeway (U6F)  Urban eight-lane freeway (U8F) The number of lanes is specified as part of the roadway type. The following terrain types are considered:  level  rolling  mountainous The typical embankment height is determined from the terrain type, based the same values used for rural two-lane highways in Section A.1.1.  2.5 ft for level terrain  3 ft for rolling terrain  4.5 ft for mountainous terrain No freeway-specific values for average embankment height are available.

A-11 The data needed for existing and proposed geometrics, including allowable values for which the procedure has been tested include:  Lane width (10, 11, 12 or 13 ft)  Shoulder width – Paved (0 to 12 ft)  Shoulder width – Unpaved (0 to 8 ft)  Roadside foreslope (1V:2H, 1V:3H, 1V:4H, or 1V:6H)  Roadway length with roadside barrier (ft) The following roadway characteristics also need to be specified and are assumed to remain the same both before and after the project:  Roadway length (mi); i.e., length of project  Pavement type (flexible, rigid)  Pavement depth (in); needed for flexible pavement only  Pavement milling depth (in); needed for flexible pavement only  Pavement base depth (in)  Shoulder pavement depth (in); needed for flexible pavement only  Shoulder pavement milling depth (in); needed for flexible pavement only  Shoulder base depth (in)  Lane widening (inside or outside)  Median width (ft)  Roadside barrier type (guardrail, cable barrier or concrete barrier)  Median barrier type (guardrail, cable barrier or concrete barrier)  Roadside barrier location (one side, both sides or none)  Median barrier location (one side, both sides or none) A.2.1.2 Cost Estimating Procedures The estimated cost for cross section improvements is estimated with the following sequence of equations. The unit cost and estimating assumptions are presented in Section A.2.3. Milling Width, Quantity, and Cost First, the milling width, quantity and cost are calculated in Equations (A-52), (A-53), and (A-54), separately. This refers to milling of the existing lanes. 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 (A-52) 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-53) 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑑 (A-54)

A-12 Resurfacing Width, Quantity, and Cost Next, the resurfacing width [see Equation (A-55)], quantity [see Equations (A-56) and (A-57)] and cost [see Equations (A-58) and (A-59)] are calculated. The quantity and cost are dependent on the pavement type. This only considers resurfacing of the existing lanes. 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 (A-55) 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑓𝑡⁄ 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-56) 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑦𝑑 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑒 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-57) 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡, 𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 $ 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑛 (A-58) 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡, 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 $ 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑑 (A-59) Surfacing Width, Quantity, and Cost of Widened Traveled Way The cost procedure allows for the option of widening to the outside or into the median. These equations apply to the side that is being widened. The other direction will be zero. The surfacing width of the widened traveled way [see Equation (A-60)], surfacing quantity [see Equations (A-61) and (A-62)] and surfacing cost [see Equations (A-63) and (A-64)] are determined. This only refers to additional lane width that is added due to the improvement project. The quantity and cost are dependent on the pavement type. 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑡 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 (A-60) 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦,𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑓𝑡⁄ 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 5280 𝑓𝑡1 𝑚𝑖 1 𝑓𝑡 12 𝑖𝑛 (A-61) 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦, 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑦𝑑 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-62) 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦,𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 $ 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑛 (A-63)

A-13 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦, 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 $ 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑑 (A-64) Additional Base Width, Quantity, and Cost of Widened Traveled Way The additional base width for the widened traveled way [see Equation (A-65)], additional base quantity [see Equation (A-66)] and additional base cost [see Equation (A-67)] are calculated for the base under the widened portion of lanes. 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑡 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑡 (A-65) 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-66) 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 $ 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑑 (A-67) Shoulder Milling Cost for Existing Roadway The shoulder milling width [see Equations (A-68) and (A-69)], quantity [see Equation (A-70)] and cost [see Equation (A-71)] are calculated for the existing roadway. Note that if the lanes are being widened, then shoulder milling does not take place. New shoulders will be constructed regardless of whether the shoulder widths change during the improvement. If the surfacing width for widened traveled way equals zero and the existing paved shoulder width and improved paved shoulder width are the same, then the shoulder milling width equals zero. If the surfacing width for widened traveled way equals zero and the improved paved shoulder width is different than the existing paved shoulder width, use Equation (A-68). If the surfacing width for widened traveled way does not equal zero, use Equation (A-69). Sℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 2 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 (A-68) 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 2 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 (A-69) If the improved lane width is greater than the existing lane width, then the shoulder milling quantity equals zero. Otherwise use Equation (A-70). 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-70)

A-14 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑑 (A-71) Shoulder Resurfacing Cost for Existing Roadway Next, the shoulder resurfacing width [see Equation (A-72)], quantity [see Equations (A-73) and (A-74)] and cost [see Equations (A-75) and (A-76)] are determined for the existing roadway. Similar to the shoulder milling, shoulder resurfacing only takes place when the lane widths do not change as a result of the 3R project. If the shoulder milling width equals zero, then the shoulder resurfacing width equals zero. If the shoulder milling width does not equal zero and the surfacing width for widened traveled way is greater than zero, then the shoulder resurfacing width equals zero. If the shoulder milling width does not equal zero and the surfacing width for widened traveled way is not greater than zero, use Equation (A-72). 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 2 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 (A-72) 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦,𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑓𝑡⁄ 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 5280 𝑓𝑡1 𝑚𝑖 1 𝑓𝑡 12 𝑖𝑛 (A-73) 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑦𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-74) 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡,𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑛 (A-75) 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑑 (A-76) Paving Cost for New Shoulder The new shoulder pavement width [see Equations (A-77) and (A-78)], quantity [see Equations (A-79) and (A-80)] and cost [see Equations (A-81) and (A-82)] is calculated. Shoulder widening refers to new shoulder pavement. New shoulder pavement occurs anytime additional lane width is added regardless of whether the paved shoulder width increases. If the lane width remains the same, new shoulder pavement is present only if the paved shoulder width increases as a result of the 3R project. If the surfacing width for widened traveled way is greater than zero, use Equation (A-77). Otherwise, use Equation (A-78).

A-15 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 2 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 (A-77) 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 2 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 (A-78) 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦,𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐴𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑓𝑡⁄ 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-79) 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦, 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑦𝑑 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-80) 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡,𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 $ 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑡𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑎𝑠𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑙𝑡 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑡𝑜𝑛 (A-81) 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡, 𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 $ 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑑 (A-82) Shoulder Base Width The shoulder base width [see Equation (A-83)], quantity [see Equation (A-84)] and cost [see Equation (A-85)] are determined. Shoulder base refers to the base installed under any new shoulder pavement. 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 (A-83) 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ 𝑖𝑛 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-84) 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑏𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑑 (A-85) Additional Embankment Cost (Earthwork) The same equations are used for the embankment due to change in the roadside slope and the slope in the median. The cost estimate tool determines the cost of additional roadside embankment needed for the project. First, the embankment quantity is calculated, followed by the cost calculation [see Equation (A-89)].

A-16 If the existing slope and the improved slope are the same and Equation (A-86) is true, then the embankment quantity equals zero. Otherwise, use Equation (A-87) to calculate the embankment quantity. 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑡 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 2 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑈𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑈𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 0 (A-86) 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 〈 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑡 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 2 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑈𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑈𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 〉 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑓𝑡 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑓𝑡 2 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-87) Use Equation (A-88) to calculate the slope ratio for improved slope. For example, Figure A-2 shows a slope whose slope ratio equals four. 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 (A-88) Figure A-2. Roadside Foreslope with Slope Rate of 4. If the embankment quantity is greater than or equal to zero then use Equation (A-89) to determine the embankment cost. Otherwise, the embankment cost is zero. 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑦𝑑 𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑡ℎ𝑤𝑜𝑟𝑘 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑦𝑑 (A-89) Roadside Barrier Cost If roadside or median barrier is added as part of the 3R project, the cost estimation tool calculates the cost [see Equation (A-90)] of the guardrail addition. 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡 (A-90) Horizontal Slope 1 4 V er tic al S lo pe Co m po ne nt

A-17 Median Barrier Cost If roadside or median barrier is added as part of the 3R project, the cost estimation tool calculates the cost [see Equation (A-91)] of the guardrail addition. 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑔𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡 (A-91) Incidental costs [see Equation (A-92)] are a percentage of the total cost of base, pavement, embankment and guardrail. Table A-4 shows how these percentages are derived based on the road type. Table A-4. Incidental Cost Percentages by Road Type for Freeways Drainage EC TC Sign/PM Lighting Total Rural 4‐Lane Freeway  0.9% 0.3% 8.0% 5.0% 0.0% 14.2% Rural 6‐Lane Freeway  0.4% 0.3% 8.0% 6.0% 0.0% 14.7% Urban 4‐Lane Freeway  8.0% 0.4% 8.5% 7.0% 1.0% 24.9% Urban 6‐Lane Freeway  7.0% 0.4% 9.0% 10.0% 1.0% 27.4% Urban 8‐LaneFreeway  6.0% 0.5% 9.0% 10.0% 1.0% 27.0% 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 $ 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑔𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑡𝑦𝑝𝑒 % 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 $ 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑈𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ (A-92) Right-of-Way Cost The distance to the right-of-way line, defined as the distance in feet from the reference line (inside edge of pavement) to the outside edge of the roadside foreslope, is calculated [see Equations (A-93) and (A-95)] for existing and improved conditions. The formula for the slope ratio for existing slope is shown in Equation (A-94). 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑈𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑓𝑡 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 (A-93) 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝐻𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑧𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑉𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 (A-94)

A-18 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑈𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑓𝑡 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆𝑙𝑜𝑝𝑒 (A-95) Next, the right-of-way width [see Equation (A-96)], quantity [see Equation (A-97)] and cost [see Equation (A-98)] are determined. Table A-5 displays the right-of-way cost per acre as a function of road type. Table A-5. Right-of-Way Cost per Acre by Road Type ROW cost per acre  Rural 4‐Lane Freeway  $25,000  Rural 6‐Lane Freeway  $50,000  Urban 4‐Lane Freeway  $100,000  Urban 6‐Lane Freeway  $250,000  Urban 8‐LaneFreeway  $500,000  𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 2 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐼𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑡 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝐿𝑖𝑛𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑥𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝑓𝑡 (A-96) 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 (A-97) If the ROW quantity is greater than or equal to zero, then use Equation (A-98) to calculate the ROW cost. Otherwise, the ROW cost equals zero. 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑐𝑟𝑒 (A-98) Total Improvement Cost Lastly, the total cost [see Equation (A-99)] of the project is calculated. The net cost [see Equation (A-100)] is the total cost of the 3R project without milling and resurfacing of the lanes. 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡𝑠 $ 𝑅𝑂𝑊 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑆𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 $ 𝐴𝑑𝑑𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑑 𝑇𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑑 𝑊𝑎𝑦 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑁𝑒𝑤 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝑃𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐵𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑈𝑛𝑝𝑎𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝑆ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑙𝑑𝑒𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝐸𝑚𝑏𝑎𝑛𝑘𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝐺𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑟𝑎𝑖𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ (A-99) 𝑁𝑒𝑡 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑀𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑅𝑒𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ (A-100)

A-19 A.2.2 Cost Estimates for Stand-Alone Improvements There are other items that may be added with a 3R project. The stand-alone improvement cost estimation tool calculates the cost of increasing these additional items. A.2.2.1 Freeway Project Input The following input data are needed for freeway projects in addition to the basic input data set for nonfreeway projects presented in Section A.1.1.1. The number of lanes is specified as part of the roadway type. The following roadway characteristics also need to be specified and are assumed to remain the same both before and after project:  Pavement type (flexible, rigid)  Deflection angle of curve (degrees)  Pavement depth (in); needed for flexible pavement only  Pavement milling depth (in); needed for flexible pavement only  Pavement base depth (in)  Shoulder pavement depth (in); needed for flexible pavement only  Shoulder pavement milling depth (in); needed for flexible pavement only  Shoulder base depth (in) Input length of roadway in miles. Length of added roadside barrier. Length of removal of old roadside barrier. Length of added median barrier. Length of removal of old median barrier. Superelevation correction, input existing and proposed superelevation rates. Length of curve. Transition length. Laneline pavement markings – Thermoplastic, reflective tape, none Edgeline pavement markings – Thermoplastic, reflective tape, none Delineator posts – rural, urban, none A.2.2.2 Cost Estimating Procedures The estimated cost for these additional improvement items is estimated with the following sequence of equations. The unit cost and estimating assumptions are presented in Section A.2.3.

A-20 Addition of Inside and Outside Shoulder Rumble Strips 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑠 𝐿𝐹 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 ∗ 2 𝑖𝑓 𝑏𝑜𝑡ℎ 𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑠 (A-101) 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑅𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐿𝐹 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐿𝐹 (A-102) Pavement Markings 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐿𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝐿𝐹 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 ∗ 1.25 𝑓𝑜𝑟 8 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠, 1.0 𝑓𝑜𝑟 6 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠, .5 𝑓𝑜𝑟 4 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 (A-103) 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑑𝑔𝑒𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑠 𝐿𝐹 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 ∗ 4 (A-104) 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑆𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐿𝐹 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐿𝐹 (A-105) 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝐸𝐴 𝑅𝑜𝑎𝑑𝑤𝑎𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑚𝑖 ∗ 6 𝑓𝑜𝑟 8 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠, 4 𝑓𝑜𝑟 6 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠, 2 𝑓𝑜𝑟 4 𝑙𝑎𝑛𝑒𝑠 /(Marker Spacing) (A-106) 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑅𝑎𝑖𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑀𝑎𝑟𝑘𝑒𝑟 𝑄𝑢𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝐸𝐴 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐸𝐴 (A-107) Fixed Object Treatment If a fixed object is identified as part of the project, the cost estimation tool includes the cost of the removal of the object or shielding with an attenuator. 𝑅𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐻𝑎𝑧𝑎𝑟𝑑𝑠 𝑅𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑒𝑑 𝐸𝐴 𝑅𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝐸𝑎𝑐ℎ (A-108) 𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑁𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟𝑠 𝐸𝐴 𝐴𝑡𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑢𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑈𝑛𝑖𝑡 (A-109) Roadside or Median Barrier Cost If additional barrier is added or being replaced as part of the project, the cost estimation tool calculates the cost of the barrier removal and installation. 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝑅𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝑅𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝑅𝑒𝑚𝑜𝑣𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡 (A-110) 𝐵𝑎𝑟𝑟𝑖𝑒𝑟 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐶𝑜𝑠𝑡 $ 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑓𝑡 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝑡 𝑝𝑒𝑟 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑎𝑟 𝑓𝑜𝑜𝑡 (A-111)

A-21 A.2.3 Unit Costs and Assumptions Table A-6 contains the unit costs used in the cost estimation procedures of Sections A.2.1 and A.2.2. Table A-6. Unit Costs for Freeway Projects Type Unit Unit cost Milling yd2 $2 Asphalt Pavement Resurfacing ton $65 Rigid Pavement Resurfacing yd2 $45 Base ton $10 Shoulder Milling yd2 $2 Unpaved Shoulder yd2 $1 Earthwork yd $8 Guardrail ft $40 Cable Barrier ft $15 Concrete Barrier ft $165 Guardrail Removal ft $2 Cable Barrier Removal ft $1 Concrete Barrier Removal ft $10 Pavement Removal yd2 $10 Thermoplastic Marking Line ft $0.75 Reflective Marking Tape ft $4 Raised Pavement Markers each $25 Delineators each $60 Attenuators each $1,500 Remove Obstacles each $10,000 Table A-7 shows the right-of-way cost per acre for each of the six road types in the cost estimation procedure presented in Section A.2.1. Table A-7. Right-of-Way Cost per Acre by Road Type for Freeways ROW cost per acre Rural 4-Lane Freeway $25,000 Rural 6-Lane Freeway $50,000 Urban 4-Lane Freeway $100,000 Urban 6-Lane Freeway $250,000 Urban 8-LaneFreeway $500,000 The asphalt density assumed for quantity calculations is 115 tons/1500 ft3.

Next: Appendix B. Survey Questionnaire »
Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects Get This Book
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The aging U.S. highway system, coupled with fiscal constraints, is placing increased pressures on highway agencies to maintain the highway system in a cost-effective manner and is, thus, creating greater needs for 3R projects.

The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 244: Developing Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects presents the results of research to develop improved design guidelines for 3R projects. The guidelines were developed to replace the older guidance presented in TRB Special Report 214: Designing Safer Roads: Practices for Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation.

Supplementary to the Document is NCHRP Research Report 876: Guidelines for Integrating Safety and Cost-Effectiveness into Resurfacing, Restoration, and Rehabilitation (3R) Projects. Two spreadsheet tools for benefit–cost analysis in support of design decisions for 3R projects also accompany the report. Spreadsheet Tool 1 is a tool for analysis of a single design alternative or combination of alternatives. Spreadsheet Tool 2 is a tool for comparison of several design alternatives or combinations of alternatives.

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