Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Joint Sealant Practices and Performance (2021)

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54 State Responses A P P E N D I X A 1. Are joint sealants used in any New Portland Cement Concrete (PCC) pavement construction by your agency? STATE Response STATE Response AL Yes OH Yes AR Yes OK Yes AZ Yes PA Yes CA Yes SC Yes CO Yes SD Yes DE Yes TN Yes FL Yes TX Yes GA Yes UT Yes IA Yes WA Yes ID Yes WI Yes IL Yes WY Yes IN Yes AK No KS Yes MD No LA Yes ME No MA Yes MO No MI Yes MT No MN Yes ND No MS Yes RI No NC Yes VT No NV Yes WV No NY Yes

State Responses 55   2. What type of joint sealant does your agency specify (select all that apply)? STATE Other (please specify). AL Silicone Sealant (self-leveling). Silicone Sealant (non-Sag). Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). AR Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). AZ Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). CA Silicone Sealant (self-leveling). Silicone Sealant (non-Sag). Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). Compressive seal (preformed). CO Silicone Sealant (self-leveling). Silicone Sealant (non-Sag). Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). Compressive seal (preformed). DE Silicone Sealant (self-leveling). Silicone Sealant (non-Sag). Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). Compressive seal (preformed). Polyurethane Self-leveling FL Silicone Sealant (self-leveling). Silicone Sealant (non-Sag). Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). Compressive seal (preformed). GA Silicone Sealant (self-leveling). Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). Compressive seal (preformed). IA Silicone Sealant (self-leveling). Silicone Sealant (non-Sag). Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). Compressive seal (preformed). ID Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). IL Silicone Sealant (self-leveling). Silicone Sealant (non-Sag). Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). Compressive seal (preformed). IN Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). KS Silicone Sealant (self-leveling). Silicone Sealant (non-Sag). Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). LA Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). Compressive seal (preformed). We do not seal joints where speed limit is > 45 mph. MA Silicone Sealant (self-leveling). Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). Compressive seal (preformed). MI Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). MN Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). Compressive seal (preformed). MS Silicone Sealant (self-leveling). Silicone Sealant (non-Sag). NC Silicone Sealant (self-leveling). Silicone Sealant (non-Sag). Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). Compressive seal (preformed). NV Silicone Sealant (non-Sag). Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). Compressive seal (preformed). NY Silicone Sealant (self-leveling). Silicone Sealant (non-Sag). OH Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). OK Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). Preformed Expansion Joint Filler in lower portion of joint PA Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). SC Silicone Sealant (non-Sag). Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). SD Silicone Sealant (self-leveling). Silicone Sealant (non-Sag). Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). TN Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). TX Silicone Sealant (self-leveling). Silicone Sealant (non-Sag). Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). Compressive seal (preformed). UT Silicone Sealant (self-leveling). Silicone Sealant (non-Sag). Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). WA Silicone Sealant (self-leveling). Silicone Sealant (non-Sag). WI Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt). WY Hot-pour (rubberized Asphalt).

56 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Joint Sealant Practices and Performance 3. Indicate how your agency uses the National Transportation Product Evaluation Program (NTPEP) database for sealants. a) Product approval. b) Quality control/quality assurance. c) Does not use the NTPEP database. STATE Hot-pour sealant Silicone sealant Preformed sealant AL c c c AR a AZ a CA CO a a a DE a a FL c c c GA a a a IA c c c ID c c c IL c c c IN c c c KS a, b a, b a, b LA a, b b MA a, b a, b a, b MI a MN c c MS c NC a, b a, b c NV c c c NY c OH OK c c PA c c c SC c c SD a a TN c c c TX a, b a, b a, b UT c c c WA c c c WI c c c WY c

State Responses 57   4. Indicate the typical reservoir width(s) used by your agency. a) 1/8" b) 1/4" c) 3/8" d) 1/2" e) 5/8" f) Unsure. STATE Hot-pour sealant Silicone sealant Preformed sealant AL c c c AR b AZ c CA b b b CO b c f DE b, c b, c FL 1/8" 1/8" Unsure GA a a d IA b, c, d, e b, c, d, e b, c, d, e ID a IL b b IN a KS b b f LA a c MA 1/4" 1/4" 1/4" MI a MN b c MS b, c NC b b e NV c c 9/16" NY b OH b OK 1" 1" PA b SC a, b c SD b, c b, c f TN b TX b b f UT 1/4" - 1/2" 1/4" - 1/2" WA 3/16" 3/16" 3/16" WI a, b WY b

58 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Joint Sealant Practices and Performance 5. Rank the reasons why these widths are used by your agency. a) Due to joint spacing considerations. b) Due to climatic considerations. c) Due to noise considerations. d) Unsure. STATE Hot-pour sealant Silicone sealant Preformed sealant AL c c c AR d AZ a CA a, b, c a, b, c a, b, c CO d d d DE d d FL c c d GA d d d IA a, b a, b a, b ID b IL c c IN c KS d c d LA d d MA a a a MI c MN b b MS a, d NC 1 1 1 NV c, a, b c, a, b b, c, a NY d OH a, c, b OK b b PA a SC b, c a, b, c SD d a, b, c d TN d TX d d d UT a a WA d d d WI a, b WY a, b, c

State Responses 59   6. Indicate the range of shape factor(s) (width/depth—see figure below) used in PCC pavement projects by your agency. a) 1.5-2.0 b) 1.0-1.5 c) 0.5-1.0 d) Unsure. STATE Hot-pour sealant Silicone sealant AL a a AR b AZ b CA b b CO d d DE 0.75–1.50 FL c c GA a a IA c b ID d IL c IN d KS d b LA d MA a a MI MN do not use backer rod MS b, c NC b b NV c c NY c OH OK b PA SC 0.125 b SD b b TN c TX b c UT b b WA a a WI WY b

60 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Joint Sealant Practices and Performance 7. Indicate the sealant configuration your agency uses for joint sealing (see figure below). a) Recessed. b) Flush-filled. c) Overbanded. d) Unsure. STATE Hot-pour sealant Silicone sealant AL a a AR a AZ b CA a a CO b a DE a FL a, b a, b GA b b IA a a ID a IL a a IN b KS d a LA b MA a a MI b MN a MS a NC a a NV a a NY a OH a OK b PA a SC a a SD a a TN a TX a a UT b b WA a a WI b WY b

State Responses 61   8. What method does your agency use to clean and prepare the sawcut for sealing (select all that apply)? STATE Other (please specify). AL Water blasting. Air blasting. Sand blasting. AR Air blasting. Sand blasting. AZ Air blasting. CA Water blasting. Air blasting. Sand blasting. Wire brushing. Air- drying CO Water blasting. Air blasting. Sand blasting. DE Air blasting. Sand blasting. FL Air blasting. Sand blasting. GA Air blasting. Sand blasting. IA Water blasting. Air blasting. Sand blasting. Air- drying vacuuming ID The contractor must clean the joint prior to sealing but the method is up to the contractor. IL Water blasting. Air blasting. Sand blasting. For Existing Joints: Remove all existing joint- sealing material and foreign material for the full depth of the new joint seal by sawing, wire brushing, sandblasting, or other methods approved by the Engineer. For new joints: only water, air, and sand blasting are used. IN Air- drying KS Water blasting. Air blasting. Wire brushing. Air- drying LA Water blasting. Air blasting. Sand blasting. MA Water blasting. Air blasting. Sand blasting. MI Water blasting. Air blasting. MN Water blasting. Air blasting. Sand blasting. MS Air blasting. Wire brushing. Air- drying NC Water blasting. Air blasting. Sand blasting. Wire brushing. NV Water blasting. Air blasting. Sand blasting. NY Air blasting. Sand blasting. OH Water blasting. Air blasting. Air- drying OK Water blasting. Air blasting.

62 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Joint Sealant Practices and Performance PA Air blasting. SC Air blasting. Sand blasting. SD Water blasting. Air blasting. Sand blasting. Air- drying TN Air- drying TX Water blasting. UT Water blasting. Air blasting. Sand blasting. Air- drying WA Water blasting. WI Water blasting. Air blasting. WY Sand blasting. Air- drying STATE Other (please specify).

State Responses 63   9. Order the joint preparation methods followed by your agency. (ex. 1. Sand blasting → 2. Water blasting → 3. Air-drying 1. Water blasting only) STATE Water blasting. Air blasting. Sand blasting. Wire brushing. Air- drying. Unsure. AL 1 3 2 AR 1 2 AZ CA 1 3 2 4 5 CO 1 2 3 4 5 6 DE 1 2 FL 2 3 1 GA 1 2 IA 1 4 3 2 ID IL 1 2 3 IN 1 KS 2 3 4 1 LA 1 3 2 MA 1 3 2 MI 1 2 MN 1 3 2 MS 2 1 3 NC 2 4 3 1 NV 1 3 2 4 NY 2 1 3 OH 2 1 5 6 3 4 OK 1 2 PA SC 2 1 SD 1 3 2 4 TN 1 TX 1 UT 1 2 3 5 WA 1 WI 1 2 WY 1 3 2 4

64 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Joint Sealant Practices and Performance 10. How long does your agency wait to install the sealant after completion of joint preparation? STATE Response Other (please specify). AL Other (please specify). There is no minimum time. If days have elapsed or a weather event has occurred the joints must either still be clean or be recleaned as per specifications. AR Between 1 hour and 6 hours. AZ Between 1 hour and 6 hours. CA Between 13 hours and 1 day. CO Between 1 hour and 6 hours. DE Other (please specify). per sealant manufacture recommendations FL Over 1 days. GA Other (please specify). Depends upon contractor. IA Other (please specify). no more than 4 hours ID Other (please specify). A wait time is not specified IL Other (please specify). No Spec requirement for this. However, after the sand blasting and air blasting that is required, the joint will be dry. IN Unsure. KS Other (please specify). until the joint is dry LA Unsure. MA Other (please specify). Specification only specifies that joint faces be dry and clean. No time requirements. MI Between 1 hour and 6 hours. MN Other (please specify). The sealant is installed within hours of the final compressed air blasting. We do 3 different types of joints in our concrete pavements. We do a single sawcut with no sealant when the PCCP is on a cement-treated base. We do hot pour on longitudinal joints on a granular base. It is cleaned with high-pressure water and then blown out with compressed air. We do compression seals on transverse joints on granular base. These are cleaned with either high-pressure water or sandblasting. Compressed air is used prior to installation of the seal. MS Other (please specify). Manufacturer's recommendation

State Responses 65   NC Unsure. NV Other (please specify). We used to prohibit sealing the same day as sawing. Now, we only require the reservoir to be clean and dry. NY Other (please specify). As soon as possible after placing backer rods. OH Between 1 hour and 6 hours. OK Other (please specify). Not specified as long as the joint is thoroughly clean and dry before sealing. PA Other (please specify). We don't have a time limit, we just say clean and dry. SC Other (please specify). No required wait period, but can be a day or more in advance as long as it hasn't rained and it's still clean. SD Other (please specify). After thoroughly cleaned and dry TN Other (please specify). Unspecified TX Unsure. UT Less than 1 hour. WA Unsure. WI Less than 1 hour. WY Other (please specify). Varies based on contractor's operations. Some wait between preparation and sealing while others will complete all preparation and sealing operations in a continuous train. STATE Response Other (please specify).

66 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Joint Sealant Practices and Performance 11. How does your agency inspect for sawcut cleanliness (select all that apply)? STATE Other (please specify). AL Visual Inspection. Finger test. AR Visual Inspection. AZ Visual Inspection. CA Visual Inspection. Finger test. CO Visual Inspection. DE Does not inspect for cleanliness. FL Visual Inspection. GA Visual Inspection. IA Visual Inspection. ID Visual Inspection. IL Visual Inspection. IN Visual Inspection. KS Visual Inspection. Finger test. LA Visual Inspection. MA Visual Inspection. MI Visual Inspection. MN Visual Inspection. MS Visual Inspection. Finger test. NC Visual Inspection. NV Visual Inspection. ACPA Quality Control Wipe Test. Finger test. NY Finger test.

State Responses 67   OH Visual Inspection. OK Visual Inspection. PA Visual Inspection. Finger test. SC We don’t have a specification for this, but our inspectors are trained in a black glove finger wipe test that is doing essentially what the ACPA wipe test does. SD Visual Inspection. TN Visual Inspection. TX Visual Inspection. UT Visual Inspection. WA Visual Inspection. WI Visual Inspection. WY Visual Inspection. STATE Other (please specify).

68 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Joint Sealant Practices and Performance 12. Does your agency check for moisture on the face of the sawcut prior to installation of the joint sealant? Organization Response STATE Yes AL Yes AR Yes AZ Yes CA Yes CO No DE Yes FL No GA Yes IA No ID Yes IL No IN Yes KS Yes LA Yes MA Yes MI No MN Yes MS Yes NC Yes NV Yes NY Yes OH Yes OK Yes PA Yes SC Yes SD Yes TN No TX Yes UT No WA No WI No

State Responses 69   13. Following cleaning operations or a rainfall event, what is your agency’s policy with regard to waiting for the face of the sawcut to dry sufficiently prior to installation of the joint sealant? STATE Response Other (please specify). AL Other (please specify). It has to be dry prior to the installation of joint sealant. Contractors often repeat air blasting. AR Other (please specify). As long as the face is dry AZ Unsure. CA less than 1 day. CO Unsure. DE Other (please specify). per sealant manufacturer's recommendations FL Unsure. GA less than 1 day. IA less than 1 day. ID Other (please specify). The joint must be dry prior to sealing. IL Other (please specify). Spec requirement for this. However, after the sand blasting and air blasting that is required, the joint will be dry. IN Unsure. KS Other (please specify). until the joint face is dry LA Unsure. MA Other (please specify). Specifications do not give a time requirement. MI Other (please specify). Delay of cleaning, sealing and, if required, resawing of joints requires Engineer's approval. MN Other (please specify). As recommended by the joint sealant manufacturer MS Other (please specify). Manufacturer's recommendation NC Other (please specify). Immediately before the joint sealant is placed, compressed air, having a pressure of at least 90 psi, shall be used to blow out the joint. NV Other (please specify). The reservoir must be clean and dry. NY Unsure. OH less than 1 day. OK Other (please specify). Do not specify as long as the joint is thoroughly clean and dry before sealing. PA Other (please specify). Specify clean and dry and follow manufacturers recommendations for application. SC Other (please specify). No wait after cleaning operations, if it rains then the cleaning operations must be redone. SD Unsure. TN Other (please specify). visual inspection TX Other (please specify). Our policy is to apply the sealants according to the manufacturer's specifications. UT less than 1 day. WA Unsure. WI Unsure. WY Other (please specify). use air blast to remove signs of surface moisture.

70 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Joint Sealant Practices and Performance 14. Indicate the average performance life experienced by your agency. a) Less than 3 years. b) Between 3 and 6 years. c) Between 7 and 10 years. d) Between 11 and 15 years. e) Over 15 years. f) Unsure. STATE Hot-pour sealant Silicone sealant Preformed sealant AL c c f AR c AZ d CA c c c CO b b b DE f FL f f f GA d d d IA e e e ID d IL f f f IN f KS f f f LA f e MA f f f MI e MN c e MS c, d NC f f f NV F F F NY f OH f f f OK c e PA c SC d d, e SD d d f TN f TX f f f UT c c WA f f f WI f WY c

State Responses 71   15. Rank the most important factor(s) used by your agency in sealant type selection. a) Cost. b) Service life. c) Special purpose. d) Contractor installation skill. e) Material availability. f) Climatic factors. g) Unsure. STATE Hot-pour sealant Silicone sealant Preformed sealant AL b g g AR b, f AZ b CA a, b a, b a, b CO a, b a, b c DE g g FL b b 6 GA a a a IA a, b, e, f a, b, e, f a, b, e, f ID a, b, f IL c (constructability) a, b a, b IN g KS b b b LA a, d c MA b a e MI a MN f b MS a, b, d, e, f NC b b b NV a a a NY d OH b, a OK b c, b PA a, d SC c b, c SD g b, a, c, e, f, d, g g TN b TX g g g UT d d WA a a a WI c WY a, b, d

72 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Joint Sealant Practices and Performance 16. Does your agency have a pavement performance database that includes sealant condition? STATE Response AL No AR No AZ No CA No CO No DE No FL No GA No IA No ID No IL Yes IN No KS No LA No MA No MI No MN No MS No NC No NV No NY No OH No OK No PA Yes SC Yes SD No TN TX No UT No WA No WI No WY Yes

State Responses 73   17. Indicate the principle distress type(s) most frequently experienced by your agency. a) Debonding and adhesive separation. b) Push down. c) Aging and cohesive cracking. d) Displaced. STATE Hot-pour sealant Silicone sealant Preformed sealant AL a a d AR a AZ a CA a a a CO a a d DE a d FL c c GA d d d IA a, d a, d d ID a, c IL a a a IN c KS c a, d a LA a d MA d MI c MN c d MS a, c, d NC a a d NV a a a NY c OH c a OK a c PA c SC a, c a, d SD d a, c, d TN a TX a, c c c UT a, c a, b, c, d WA a a a WI a WY a, c

74 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Joint Sealant Practices and Performance 18. Indicate your agency’s use of these distress types with regard to estimating their effect on performance. a) Yearly trends of sealant condition. b) Establishment of agency resealing policy. c) Effectiveness estimates. d) Unsure. STATE Hot-pour sealant Silicone sealant Preformed sealant AL d d d AR d AZ a CA d d d CO d d d DE d d FL d d d GA d d d IA a, b, c a, b, c a, b, c ID IL d d d IN d KS b, d b, d b, d LA d d MA b MI d MN a c MS a, b, c NC d d d NV b b d NY d OH d OK d d PA SC a a, b SD d d d TN a TX d d d UT d d WA d d d WI c WY a, b, c

State Responses 75   19. Does your agency conduct joint resealing operations? STATE Response AL Yes AR Yes AZ No CA Yes CO Yes DE No FL No GA Yes IA Yes ID No IL Yes IN Yes KS Yes LA No MA Yes MI No MN Yes MS Yes NC No NV Yes NY Yes OH Yes OK Yes PA Yes SC Yes SD Yes TN No TX Yes UT Yes WA Yes WI No WY Yes

76 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Joint Sealant Practices and Performance 20. Indicate the criteria your agency uses to determine if resealing is needed (select all that apply). a) Missing joint sealant. b) Cracked or debonded sealant. c) Spalling/cracks around joints. d) Noisy joints. e) Unsure. STATE Hot-pour sealant Silicone sealant Preformed sealant AL a, b, c a, b, c a, b, c AR a, b, c AZ CA e e e CO a, c a, b a DE FL GA a a a IA a, b, c a, b, c a, b, c ID IL a a, b a IN a, b KS a, b, c a, b, c a, b, c, d LA MA a b MI MN a, b, c a, b, c MS a, b NC NV a, b, c a, b, c a, b, c NY a, b OH a, b, c OK a, b, c c PA a, b, c a, b, c SC a, b, c a, b, c SD c c e TN TX e e e UT a, b, c a, b, c WA a a a WI WY a, b, c

State Responses 77   21. Indicate the factors considered by your agency as to when sealant maintenance is carried out. a) The life of the sealant with respect to the conditions listed in previous question. b) The condition of the pavement with respect to a given distress type. c) Unsure. STATE Hot-pour sealant Silicone sealant Preformed sealant AL b b b AR b AZ CA c c c CO a a a DE FL GA a a a IA a, b a, b a, b ID IL a a a IN a KS c a c LA MA b MI MN a a MS c NC NV a a a NY a OH b OK a, b a, b PA a a SC a, b a, b SD c b c TN TX c c c UT b b WA b b b WI WY a, b

78 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Joint Sealant Practices and Performance 22. Indicate the issues experienced by your agency with joint seals in general (select all that apply). a) Shortened service life. b) Water presence. c) Movement. d) Noise. e) Other (please specify). STATE Hot-pour sealant Silicone sealant Preformed sealant AL b, c b, c b, c AR a, b, c AZ c CA a, b, c a, b, c a, b, c CO a, b a, b c, d DE b, d FL a, b, c, d a, b, c, d a, b, c, d GA c c c IA ID IL a, b a, b a, b IN KS a a, b, d a, d LA ab c MA e MI MN c c MS incompressible in the joint NC a a c NV a, b, c a, b, c b, c NY b OH a, b OK a, c, d a, c, d PA SC b, c, d b, d SD d, b TN a TX d d d UT a, b, c a, b, c WA b b WI None WY a MO d, e Joints were being overfilled resulting in a rough ride MD WV d d N/A ND b a, b, d a, b, c, d ME n/a n/a n/a MT N/A N/A N/A AK n/a n/a n/a VT n/a n/a n/a RI n/a n/a n/a Stopped upon recom- mendation by ACPA, and we didn’t main- tain them anyway

State Responses 79   23. Does your agency use any alternative method(s) instead of sealing joints? STATE Response AL No AR No AZ No CA No CO No DE No FL No GA No IA Yes ID No IL No IN No KS No LA Yes MA No MI No MN Yes MS Yes NC No NV No NY No OH No OK No PA No SC No SD No TN No TX No UT No WA No WI Yes WY No MO Yes MD Yes ME Yes ND Yes AK No MT No RI VT WV

80 Portland Cement Concrete Pavement Joint Sealant Practices and Performance 24. What alternative method(s) to joint sealing does your agency employ (select all that apply)? Reduced maximum joint opening Improved subbase performance Improved drainage performance Improved durability performance Other (please specify) STATE Other (please specify) AL Improved subbase performance. We are considering, no seal with a single sawcut and treated base. AR AZ CA CO DE FL GA IA Reduced maximum joint opening. Improved subbase performance. Improved drainage performance. ID IL IN KS LA Reduced maximum joint opening. Improved drainage performance. We do not seal joints on pavements where the speed limit is greater than 45 mph. Joint width is 1/8" at t/3. MA MI MN single sawcut, no sealant MS Reduced maximum joint opening. Improved subbase performance. Improved drainage performance. NC NV NY OH OK PA SC SD TN TX UT a non-erodible cement-

State Responses 81   WA WI Reduced maximum joint opening. Improved subbase performance. Improved durability performance. WY MO Reduced maximum joint opening. MD Reduced maximum joint opening. ME Reduced maximum joint opening. Improved drainage performance. ND Reduced maximum joint opening. AK MT RI VT WV STATE Other (please specify) Allow the use of the long- itudinal joint forming device. The device creates a weak plane in the con- crete by eliminating aggregate interlock. This is accomplished by run- ning blades through the freshly placed concrete. using single sawcut, unsealed joint