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Suggested Citation:"7. References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guidance to Predict and Mitigate Dynamic Hydroplaning on Roadways. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26287.
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Suggested Citation:"7. References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guidance to Predict and Mitigate Dynamic Hydroplaning on Roadways. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26287.
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Page 93
Suggested Citation:"7. References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guidance to Predict and Mitigate Dynamic Hydroplaning on Roadways. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26287.
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Page 93
Page 94
Suggested Citation:"7. References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guidance to Predict and Mitigate Dynamic Hydroplaning on Roadways. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26287.
×
Page 94
Page 95
Suggested Citation:"7. References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guidance to Predict and Mitigate Dynamic Hydroplaning on Roadways. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26287.
×
Page 95
Page 96
Suggested Citation:"7. References." National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. 2021. Guidance to Predict and Mitigate Dynamic Hydroplaning on Roadways. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/26287.
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Page 96

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91 7. REFERENCES AASHTO (2008). Guide for Pavement Friction, American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C. AASHTO (2018). A Policy on Geometric Design of Highways and Streets, American Association of State Highway Transportation Officials, Washington, D.C. Agrawal, S. K. (1986). "Braking Performance of Aircraft Tires." Prog. Aerospace Sci, 23: 105-150. ANSYS Fluent (2015). http://www.ansys.com/Products/Fluids/ (accessed 11/2015). Anderson, D. A., R. S. Huebner, J. R. Reed, J. C. Warner, and Henry, J. J. (1998). NCHRP Web-Only Document 16: Improved Surface Drainage of Pavement. NCHRP Project 1-29. Transportation Review Board, Washington, D.C. http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=6357 (accessed 12/14). Ansys (2011). "ANSYS FLUENT theory guide." Canonsburg, PA, 794. Automotive, I. (2006). CarMaker Programmer’s Guide: Version 2.1, IPG Automotive. Balmer, G. G., & Gallaway, B. M. (1983). Pavement Design and Controls for Minimizing Automotive Hydroplaning and Increasing Traction. In Frictional Interaction of Tire and Pavement. ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. Bakker, E., Nyborg, L., and Pacejka, H. B. (1987). "Tyre modelling for use in vehicle dynamics studies," Technical Paper 870421, SAE International Congress and Exposition, Detroit, MI. Bates, P., Fewtrell, T., Trigg, M., and Neal, J. (2008). "LISFLOOD-FP User manual and technical note, code release4 .3. 6.” University of Bristol, U.K. Baudille, R. and M. E. Biancolini (2006). Modelling FSI Problems in FLUENT: A General Propose Approach by Means of UDF Programming, FISITA 2006 World Automotive Congress. Bentley (2020). Aquaplaning. https://docs.bentley.com/LiveContent/web/OpenRoads%20Designer%20 CONNECT-v6/en/GUID-5E8E1957-98C5-4CEB-A30B-5B8035E349A0.html (Accessed 1/21). Browne, A. L. (1971). Dynamic Hydroplaning of Pneumatic Tires. Doctoral, Northwestern University. Browne, A.L. (1975). "Mathematical analysis for pneumatic tire hydroplaning." Surface Texture Versus Skidding: Measurements, Frictional Aspects, and Safety Features of Tire-Pavement Interactions, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA. Chaithoo, D. B., & Allopi, D. (2012). “Re-evaluating superelevation in relation to drainage requirements and vehicle dynamics.” WIT Transactions on The Built Environment, Vol. 128, 615-628. Charbeneau, R.J., Jeong, J., and Barrett, M.E. (2008). Highway Drainage at Superelevation Transitions, Report No. FHWA/TX-08/0-4875-1, Center for Transportation Research, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX. Cho, J. R., H. W. Lee, J. S. Sohn, G. J. Kim and J. S. Woo (2006). "Numerical Investigation of Hydroplaning characteristics of Three-dimensional patterned tire." European Journal of Mechanics A/Solids, 25(6): 914-926. Collow, A.B., Mahanama, S.P., Bosilovich, M.G.,. Koster, R.D., Schubert, S.D. (2017). An Evaluation of Teleconnections Over the United States in an Ensemble of AMIP Simulations with the MERRA-2 Configuration of the GEOS Atmospheric Model, Technical Report Series on Global Modeling and Data Assimilation, Volume 47, National Aeronautics and Space Administration. https://gmao.gsfc.nasa.gov/pubs/docs/Collow963.pdf (accessed 12 2020).

92 Dong, B., L. Zhang, M. Chen, B. Tang and T. Liu (2013). "Influencing Factor of Hydrodynamic Pressure on Tire in Wet Weather Based on Fluent." J. Highway Transp. Res. Dev. (English Ed.), 7(1): 98- 104. dSPACE. (2013). "dSPACE official website." http://www.dspace.com (accessed 12/14). Epps, J. A. (1990). NCHRP Synthesis 160: Cold-Recycled Bituminous Concrete Using Bituminous Materials, Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Eriksson, J., Nybacka, M., Larsson, T., and Lindgren, P. (2008). “Using Timber in a multi-body design environment to develop reliable embedded software.” SAE World Congress. Feng, K., and Molz, F. (1997). "A 2-D, diffusion-based, wetland flow model." Journal of Hydrology, 196(1), 230- 250. Flintsch, G.W., de León Izeppi, E.D., McGhee, K.K., Najafi, S. (2010). Speed Adjustment Factors for Locked-Wheel Skid Trailer Measurements. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2155, pp. 117-123. Flintsch, G.W., Tang, L., Katicha, S.W., de Leon, E., Viner, H., Dunford, A., Nesnas, K., Coyle, F., Sanders, P., Gibbons, R., Williams, B., Hargreaves D., Parry, T., McGhee, K., Larson, R.M., and Smith, K. (2014). Splash and Spray Assessment Tool Development Program, FHWA Final Report, DTFH61-08-C-00030. Fwa, T. F., S. S. Kumar, G. Ong and C. Huang (2008). Analytical Modeling of Effects of Rib Tires on Hydroplaning. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2068, pp. 109-118. Fwa, T. F., A. Kumar and G. P. Ong (2009). Effectiveness of Tire-Tread patterns in Reducing the Risk of Hydroplaning. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2094, pp. 91-102. Fwa T. F., Anupam, K., and Ong, G. P. (2010). Relative Effectiveness of Grooves in Tire and Pavement in Reducing Vehicle Hydroplaning Risk. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2155, pp. 73-81. Gallaway, B. M., Schiller, R. E., and Rose, J. G. (1971). The Effects of Rainfall Intensity, Pavement Cross Slope, Surface Texture and Drainage Length on Pavement Water Depths. Texas Transportation Institute, College Station, Texas. Gallaway, B., Ivey, D., Hayes, G., Ledbetter, W., Olson, R., Woods, D., and Schiller Jr, R. (1979). Pavement and Geometric Design Criteria for Minimizing Hydroplaning. Report No. FHWA-RD- 79-31. Federal Highway Administration, Texas Transportation Institute, College Station, Texas. Gillespie, T. D., Sayers, M. W. and Segel, L., (1980). NCHRP Report No. 228: Calibration of Response- Type Road Roughness Measuring Systems, 1980, 81 p. Gillespie, T. D. (1992) Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics, Vol. 400, Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA. Govindaraju, R., Jones, S., and Kavvas, M. (1988). On the diffusion wave model for overland flow: 1. Solution for steep slopes. Water Resources Research, 24(5), 734-744. Grogger, H., and M. Weiss (1996). Calculation of the Three‐Dimensional Free Surface Flow Around an Automobile Tire. Tire Science and Technology, 24(1), 39-49. Grogger, H., and M. Weiss (1997). Calculation of the Hydroplaning of a Deformable Smooth-Shaped and Longitudinally-Grooved Tire. Tire Science and Technology, 25(4): 265-287.

93 Gunaratne, M., Q. Lu, J. Yang, J.Metz, W. Jayasooriya, M. Yassin, and S. Amarashi (2012). Hydroplaning on Multi-lane Facilities. Final Report to Florida Department of Transportation under contract BDK84977-14, Tallahassee, FL Hargreaves, D., Morvan, H., and Wright, N. (2007). Validation of the volume of fluid method for free surface calculation: the broad-crested weir. Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics, 1(2), 136- 146. Harrin, E. (1958). Low Tire Friction and Cornering Forces on a Wet Surface, Technical Note 4406, National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics, Langley Aeronautical Labiratirym, Langley Field, VA. Hein, D., & Croteau, J. M. (2004). “The Impact of Preventive Maintenance Programs on the Condition of Roadway Networks.” 2004 Annual Conference of the Transportation Association of Canada, pp. 19-22. Hoerner, T., Smith, K., Larson, R., and Swanlund, M. (2003). Current practice of Portland cement concrete pavement texturing. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1860, pp. 178-186. Horne, W. B. and Dreher, R.C. (1963). Phenomena of Pneumatic Tire Hydroplaning, NASA TN D-2-56, NASA Langley Research Center, NASA, Hampton, VA. Horne, W. B. and U. T. Joyne (1965). Pneumatic tire hydroplaning and some effects on vehicle performance. SAE International Automotive Engineering Congress, Detroit, MI. Horne, W.B., Yager, T.J., and Ivey, D.L. (1986). “Recent Studies to Investigate the Effects of Tire Footprint Ratio on Dynamic Hydroplaning Speed.” The Tire Pavement Interface (M.G. Pottinger and T.J. Yager, eds.), ASTM STP 929, ASTM, West Conshohocken, PA, pp. 26-46. Huebner, R., Anderson, D., Warner, J., and Reed, J. (1997). PAVDRN: Computer model for predicting water film thickness and potential for hydroplaning on new and reconditioned pavements. Transportation Research Record 1599, pp. 128-131. Jeong, J. (2008). A Hydrodynamic Diffusion Wave Model for Stormwater Runoff on Highway Surfaces at Superelevation Transitions, Doctoral Dissertation, The University of Texas at Austin. Jeong, J., and Charbeneau, R. J. (2010). Diffusion wave model for simulating storm-water runoff on highway pavement surfaces at superelevation transition. Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, 136(10), 770-778. Koishi, M., T. Okano, L. Olovsson, H. Saito and M. Makino (2001). Hydroplaning Simulation Using Fluid- Structure Interaction in LS-DYNA, The 3rd European LS-DYNA Users Conference, Paris, France. Kumar, S., A. Kumar and T. F. Fwa (2009). Analyzing effect of tire groove patterns on hydroplaning speed. Journal of the Eastern Asia Society for Transportation Studies, 8: 377-390. Li, S., K. Q. Zhu, S. Noureldin and Y. Jiang (2006). Surface Friction on Longitudinally Tined Concrete Pavements: New Findings from Field Testing and Finite-Element Analysis Simulation. 85th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, DC. Lottes, S., and Bojanowski, C. (2013). Computer Modeling and Analysis of Truck Generated Salt-Spray Transport Near Bridges, Argonne National Laboratory, Report ANL/ESD/13-1, May 2013. Ma, L., Ashworth, P. J., Best, J. L., Elliott, L., Ingham, D. B., and Whitcombe, L. J. (2002). Computational fluid dynamics and the physical modelling of an upland urban river. Geomorphology, 44(3), 375-391.

94 Milliken, W. F., and D. L. Milliken. (1995). Race car vehicle dynamics. Vol. 400. Society of Automotive Engineers, Warrendale, PA. Moore, D. F. (1966). Prediction of skid resistance gradient and drainage characteristics for pavements. Highway Research Record. 131. MSC/DYTRAN (1997). User's Manual V4. Mechanical Simulation Corporation. MSC (1998). CarSim Educational User Reference Manual. Mechanical Simulation Corporation. MSC (2001). ADAMS/Car training guide. MSC Software Corporation. MSC (2003). ADAMS/3D Road, MSC Software Corporation. MSC (2013). Adams/Car: real dynamics for vehicle design and testing., MSC Software Corporation. MSC (2014a). CarSim 9.0 Improvements. Mechanical Simulation Corporation. MSC (2014b). CarSim: Math Models. Mechanical Simulation Corporation. NI (2014). Using simulation models with NI VeriStand, National Instrument. NOAA (2004). NOAA Atlas 14 Point Precipitation Frequency Estimates. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, https://hdsc.nws.noaa.gov/hdsc/pfds/pfds_map_cont.html (accessed 11/2019). Novak, P., Guinot, V., Jeffrey, A., and Reeve, D. E. (2010). Hydraulic modelling: An introduction: Principles, methods and applications, CRC Press. Noyce, D. A., Bahia, H. U., Yambo, J. M., & Kim, G. (2005). Incorporating road safety into pavement management: Maximizing asphalt pavement surface friction for road safety improvements. Draft Literature Review and State Surveys, Midwest Regional University Transportation Center (UMTRI), Madison, Wisconsin. Okano, T. and M. Koishi (2001). A new computational procedure to predict transient hydroplaning performance of a tire. Tire Sci. Technol. 29(1): 2-22. Ong, G., T. F. Fwa and J. Guo (2005). Modeling Hydroplaning and Effects of Pavement Microtexture. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1905, pp. 166-176. Ong, G. P. (2006). Hydroplaning and skid resistance analysis using numerical modeling. Doctoral, National University of Singapore. Ong, G. P. and T. F. Fwa, (2006a). Transverse pavement grooving against hydroplaning. I: Simulation model. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 132(6), 441-448. Ong, G. P., and T. F. Fwa (2006b). Transverse pavement grooving against hydroplaning. II: Design. Journal of Transportation Engineering, 132: 449-457. Ong, G. P., and T. F. Fwa (2006c). Part 3: Pavement Surface Properties-Vehicle Interaction: Analysis of Effectiveness of Longitudinal Grooving Against Hydroplaning. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 1949, 113-125. Ong, G. P., and T. F. Fwa (2007a). Prediction of wet-pavement skid resistance and hydroplaning potential. Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board, No. 2005, pp. 160-171. Ong, G. and T. F. Fwa (2007b). Wet-pavement hydroplaning risk and skid resistance: modeling. ASCE Journal of Transportation Engineering, 133(10): 590-598.

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 Guidance to Predict and Mitigate Dynamic Hydroplaning on Roadways
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Hydroplaning is a serious problem that is associated with a relatively small but significant number of crashes. Statistics from various parts of the world indicate that approximately 15% to 20% of all road traffic crashes occur in wet weather conditions.

The TRB National Cooperative Highway Research Program's NCHRP Web-Only Document 300: Guidance to Predict and Mitigate Dynamic Hydroplaning on Roadways provides a novel, transformational approach to estimate hydroplaning based on the physics behind it. Using advanced fluid dynamics, tire, and vehicle response models, the project has developed a new way to assess the safety risks associated with vehicle hydroplaning. This research represents one of the first attempts to significantly upgrade understanding and methods to predict hydroplaning potential since the 1970s.

Supplemental to the document is a Hydroplaning Potential Assessment Tool and Excel files.

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