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A-1  Definitions of Actors Appendix A contains denitions of typical user/actor52 classes of the current system (described in Section 3) and the new actors for the proposed system (described in Section 5). A user class is dened by how users interact with the system and by discerning factors, such as responsibilities, skill levels, and work activities. Dierent user classes may have distinct operational scenarios for their interactions with the system. Actors of Current System or Situation e actors identied in this ConOps build on the ARC-IT classes and on feedback from survey responses and interviews that took place as part of this study. To be consistent with previous connected vehicle projects and U.S. DOT-funded projects, these denitions are closely drawn from the ARC-IT Physical Objects (https://local.iteris.com/arc-it/html/physobjects/ physobjects.html) and are consistent with SAE J3067 Surface Vehicle Information Reportâ Candidate Improvements to Dedicated Short Range Communications (DSRC) Message Set Dictionary [SAE J2735] Using Systems Engineering Methods. In systems engineering terminology, actors are the entities that will be interacting with the rural connected vehicle systemâi.e., system of interest, functionality, or feature. Actors or entities can be humans (e.g., users of the system, operators), or other systems that interact with the system of interest. For example, an external actor for the rural environment could be the NWS that provides specic road weather conditions and reports to the state agency. is ConOps categorized actors into ve major rural connected vehicle user classes: Center, ird-Party Providers, Field, Personnel, and Vehicles. Table A-1 lists the current system actors and their denitions. Unless otherwise noted, the denitions are drawn from ARC-IT and adjusted to reect the rural connected vehicle environment. It should be noted that there are also personnel who, despite not having a direct (hands-on) interaction with the current system, have an inuence on, or are inuenced by, the present system. Examples include executive managers, policymakers, and representatives from federal agencies, amongst others. It is important that the ConOps identies these people and describes their role, if any, in the operation of the current system. Table A-2 lists the proposed system actors and their denitions. A P P E N D I X A 52A user/actor is anyone who interacts with the existing system, directly or indirectly, including but not limited to, operational users, data entry personnel, system operators, operational support personnel, soware maintainers, and trainers.
A-2 Initiating the Systems Engineering Process for Rural Connected Vehicle Corridors Maj or R u ral Connected Vehicle Actor Definition CEN T ER R u ral Agency Systems B ack office The B ackoffice represents a system or subsystem and its operators that could manage a broad range of or selected transportation facilities in rural corridors that include freeways, divided highways, and signalized arterials. This can be a subsystem within a broader, larger B ackoffice system. The B ackoffice system communicates with ITS Roadway Equipment/Devices, Connected Vehicle Roadside Equipment, and Other Centers to monitor and manage traffic flow and monitor the conditions of the roadway, surrounding environmental conditions, and field equipment status. It manages traffic, information, and transportation resources to support allied agencies in responding to, and recovering from, incidents ranging from minor traffic incidents through major disasters. Functions performed by the B ackoffice include data collection, data fusion, decision support, device control and monitoring, data dissemination, and data storage. Maintenance Management System Maintenance Management System represents the system responsible for monitoring and managing roadway infrastructure, construction, and maintenance activities. This system manages fleets of maintenance, construction, or special service vehicles (e.g., snow and ice control equipment). It receives a wide range of status information from these vehicles and performs vehicle dispatch, routing, and resource management for the vehicle fleets and associated equipment. The system participates in incident response by deploying maintenance and construction resources to an incident scene, in coordination with other systems. It manages both non-ITS and ITS equipment, such as traffic controllers, detectors, and equipment at the roadside, including environmental sensors and automated systems that monitor and mitigate adverse road and surface-weather conditions. It is important to note that a Rural Maintenance Management System may be a limited-service system or subsystem that provides a subset of the above. In addition, such a system or subsystem may not exist for a rural agency; therefore, the actor might be the Maintenance Management System that is operated by another component in an urban area by the state or regional agency. Emergency Management/ P u b lic Safety System Emergency Management/Public Safety System represents a system or subsystem and operators that support incident management, disaster response and evacuation, security monitoring, and other security and public safety- oriented functions. It includes the functions associated with fixed and mobile public safety communications centers, including public safety call taker and dispatch centers operated by police (including transit police), fire, and emergency medical services. It includes the functions associated with Emergency Operations Centers that are activated at local, regional, state, and federal levels for emergencies and the portable and transportable systems that support Incident Command System operations at an incident. It also represents systems associated with towing and recovery, freeway service patrols, HAZ MAT response teams, and mayday service providers. It is important to note that the Rural Agency Emergency Management/Public Safety System may be a limited-service system or subsystem that provides a subset of the above. In addition, such a system or subsystem may not exist for a rural agency; therefore, the actor might be Emergency Management/Public Safety System that is operated by another component in an urban area by the state or regional agency. Table A-1. Denitions of actors in the current system.
Denitions of Actors A-3 managers to receive real-time routing information and other travel and traffic- conditions information. Could have an interface with a rural agency or subsystem of the rural agencyâ s state DOT 5 1 1 system or special portal that disseminates information specific to commercial vehicles and fleets. T raveler Information System Traveler Information System provides travelers with updates on current roadway conditions. Updates include delays, incidents, weather-related messages, travel times, emergency alerts, and alternate routes. The system gathers traveler information, alerts, and advisories from information provider(s) and uses that information to support interactions with a traveler. Other Systems Other J u risdiction Other Ju risdiction TMS represents another TMS and its operators that are intended to provide a source and destination for information exchange between peer (e.g., inter-regional) traffic management functions. It enables traffic management activities to be coordinated across different jurisdictional areas. Weather Service System Weather Service System provides weather, hydrologic, climate information, and warnings of hazardous weather, including thunderstorms, flooding, hurricanes, tornadoes, winter weather, tsunamis, and climate events. The system provides atmospheric weather observations and forecasts that are collected and derived by the NWS, private sector providers, and various research organizations. The system issues watches, warnings, and advisories for hazardous weather. Event P romoter System Event Promoter System represents Special Event Sponsors that know of events that may impact travel on roadways or other modal means. Examples of special event sponsors include sporting events, conventions, motorcades/parades, and public/political events. Events/activities could be major annual events, or seasonal/tourist hot spots with large crowds and associated traffic. These promoters interface with the Rural Agency TMS to provide event information such as date, time, estimated duration, location, and any other information pertinent to traffic movement in the surrounding area. T H IR D- P AR T Y SER VICE P R OVIDER S T hird- P arty Service P roviders Third-party service providers represent individual information systems operated by collectors and providers of traffic probe data, such as HERE, Waze, and INRIX , and other information service providers. State/local DOT agencies often partner with these service providers to collect probe data to support traffic management strategies. Rural agencies may be able to tap into these services to provide coverage on rural corridors. The interface with the third-party service providers is also necessary so that accurate, up-to-date traffic and road condition information can be provided to the travelers. F leet and F reight Management System Fleet and Freight Management System provides logistics support and support for the efficient distribution of freight across transport systems and modes. Could also provide the capability for commercial drivers and fleet-freight Maj or R u ral Connected Vehicle Actor Definition Table A-1. (Continued). (continued on next page)
A-4 Initiating the Systems Engineering Process for Rural Connected Vehicle Corridors vehicle classification applies to all goods transport vehicles, ranging from small panel vans used in local pick-up and delivery services to large, multi-axle tractor-trailer rigs operating on long-haul routes. IT S R oadway Eq u ipment ITS Roadway Equipment represents equipment distributed on and along the roadway. The devices communicate with the TMS, which monitors and controls traffic flow as well as the road and environmental conditions. It could include traffic detectors, environmental sensors, traffic signal equipment, HAR, DMS, CCTV cameras and video image processing systems, grade crossing warning systems, and ramp metering systems. Lane management systems and barrier systems that control access to transportation infrastructure, such as roadways, bridges, and tunnels, are also included. ITS Roadway Equipment also provides environmental monitoring including sensors that measure road conditions, surface weather, and vehicle emissions. Work zone systems, including work zone surveillance, traffic control, driver warning, and work crew safety systems, may be included Note that this actor includes Traffic Signal Equipment, which is an ITS device that contains additional computing capabilities used to control signal lights, ramp meters, other devices, and sensors located within the ITS infrastructure. This actor also provides the central control and monitoring equipment, communication links, and signal control equipment that support traffic control at signalized intersections. P ER SON N EL R u ral Agency P ersonnel Rural Agency Personnel are staff that directly interface with the B ackoffice and Maintenance Management System. These personnel interact with fleet and freight dispatch and management systems, roadway infrastructure construction, and maintenance activities. They may include law enforcement personnel, operators, maintenance, transit operator, planning personnel. VEH ICLE B asic Vehicle A B asic Vehicle is an instrument used for transporting people or goods, mostly on land. It represents the general functions and interfaces that are associated with personal automobiles. A basic vehicle represents a complete operating vehicle. It includes the vehicle platform that interfaces with and hosts ITS electronics and all of the driver convenience and entertainment systems, and other non-ITS electronics onboard the vehicle. Interfaces represent both internal onboard interfaces between ITS equipment and other vehicle systems and other passive and active external interfaces or views of the vehicle that support vehicle/traffic monitoring and management. External interfaces may also represent equipment that is carried into the vehicle (e.g., a smartphone). Internal interfaces are often implemented through a vehicle databus. Commercial Vehicle A Commercial Vehicle represents the host for the onboard equipment that provides ITS capabilities. It includes the heavy vehicle databus and all other interface points between onboard systems and the rest of the commercial vehicle. This vehicle is used to transport goods, is operated by a professional driver, and is typically administered as part of a larger fleet. Commercial F IELD Maj or R u ral Connected Vehicle Actor Definition P u b lic Safety Vehicle A Public Safety Vehicle represents emergency and police vehicles that host the onboard equipment that provides ITS functionality. Public safety vehicles classification includes police car, tow truck, ambulance, and firefighter vehicle. These vehicles are generally equipped with audible and visual warning devices to alert and provide safety to the public as well as facilitate their movement through traffic. Table A-1. (Continued).
Denitions of Actors A-5 Maintenance and Constru ction Vehicle A Maintenance and Construction Vehicle represents agency fleet/maintenance and supervisory vehicles, snowplows (agency-owned and contracted), construction, or other specialized vehicle or equipment that hosts the onboard equipment that provides ITS functionality. It includes the databus, actuators, and other access points that are used by the onboard equipment to monitor and control the host vehicle systems, such as operation of the snowplow and monitoring the quantity of materials (e.g., sand or salt) on board. A wide range of operational status is monitored, measured, and made available, depending on the specific type of vehicle or equipment. The vehicle may include sensors that monitor environmental conditions, such as road condition and surface- weather information. This can include a diverse set of mobile environmental sensing platforms, including wheeled vehicles and any other vehicle that collects and reports environmental information. Vu lnerab le R oad U ser ( VR U ) A VRU is an individual, riding a bicycle or using human power to move (walk), who participates in shared use of the transportation network by motorized and non-motorized transportation modes. For example, pedestrians receive traffic information by reading traffic signs and DMS. VRUs can request to cross the roadway using a crossing call. This may be an overt (e.g., push button) request from a pedestrian or cyclist or the physical presence of a pedestrian or cyclist that can be detected by sensors or surveillance systems. Maj or R u ral Connected Vehicle Actor Definition Table A-1. (Continued). Actors of Proposed System or Situation Table A-2. New system actors and denitions for the proposed system. CON N ECT ED VEH ICLE SY ST EM ( SY ST EM OF IN T ER EST ) R u ral Connected Vehicle Actor Definition B ack office Connected Vehicle System B ackoffice Connected Vehicle System is responsible for the B ackoffice functionality of the connected vehicle system. Key functionality includes collecting, disseminating, and managing connected vehicle devices and data exchanges. The B ackoffice Connected Vehicle System may be included as a subsystem within a rural agencyâ s existing TMS or be its own system. IT S R oadway Eq u ipment ITS Roadway Equipment represents new ITS equipment that may be deployed by rural agencies to augment connected vehicle deployments. For example, ITS equipment may be deployed along with connected vehicle field devices (e.g., RSUs) on and along the roadway that it monitors and controls to collect weather-related data. Data collected from these sensors could in turn feed information to the RSU for broadcasting alerts to equipped vehicles. Potential ITS Roadway Equipment that agencies may deploy in support of connected vehicle deployments include pedestrian/cyclist detectors (camera/LiDAR), animal detection systems, and other field devices that may be used to detect the presence of objects. This actor may also include environmental sensors deployed along with connected vehicle infrastructure that collects and disseminates information about environmental conditions (e.g., fog, flooding, etc.). (continued on next page)
A-6 Initiating the Systems Engineering Process for Rural Connected Vehicle Corridors B asic Vehicle OB U B asic vehicle OB U is onboard equipment that provides the vehicle-based sensory, processing, storage, and communications functions that support efficient, safe, and convenient travel. The basic vehicle OB U includes general capabilities that apply to passenger cars, trucks, and motorcycles. Many of these capabilities apply to all vehicle types, including personal vehicles, commercial vehicles, emergency vehicles, transit vehicles, and maintenance vehicles. The basic vehicle OB U includes the common interfaces and functions that apply to all motorized vehicles. The radio(s) supporting V2V and V2I communications are a key component of the basic vehicle OB U. B oth one-way and two-way communications options support a spectrum of information services from basic broadcast to advanced personalized information services. Route guidance capabilities assist in formulation of an optimal route and step- by-step guidance along the travel route. Advanced sensors, processors, enhanced driver interfaces, and actuators complement the driver information services so that, in addition to making informed mode and route selections, the driver travels these routes more safely and consistently. The OB U could support all six levels of driving automation as defined in SAE J3 0 1 6 . Initial collision avoidance functions provide â vigilant co-pilotâ driver warning capabilities. More advanced functions assume limited control of the vehicle to maintain lane position and safe headways. In the most advanced implementations, the OB U supports full automation of all aspects of the driving task, aided by communications with other vehicles in the vicinity and in coordination with supporting infrastructure subsystems. Commercial Vehicle OB U Commercial vehicle OB U is onboard equipment that resides in a commercial vehicle and provides the sensory, processing, storage, and communications functions necessary to support safe and efficient commercial vehicle operations. It provides two-way communications between the commercial vehicle drivers, their fleet managers, attached freight equipment, and roadside officials. R u ral Connected Vehicle Actor Definition providers provide agencies with updated maps services. Connected Vehicle R oadside Eq u ipment Connected Vehicle Roadside Equipment represents the connected vehicle roadside devices that are used to send messages to, and receive messages from, nearby vehicles using DSRC or other alternative wireless communications technologies (e.g., C-V2X ). Communications with adjacent field equipment and B ackoffice centers that monitor and control the RSU are also supported. This device operates from a fixed position and may be permanently deployed or be a portable device that is located temporarily in the vicinity of a traffic incident, road construction, or a special event. It includes a processor, data storage, and communications capabilities that support secure communications with passing vehicles, other field equipment, and centers. Clou d The Cloud serves as a mechanism for rural agencies to store and communicate information that can be accessed by PIDs and OB Us. For example, a rural agency may upload SPaT and MAP information to the Cloud that OB Us can access and download. Information disseminated through the Cloud would typically not have the same latency requirement to support active safety applications. Satellite Service P roviders Satellite service providers represent providers of map databases used to support ITS services and information service providers such as SiriusX M that can broadcast agency-developed TIMs. They provide the map data that is used directly by vehicles (e.g., roadway and intersection geometry data sets), travelers (e.g., navigable maps used for route guidance and display maps used at traveler information points), and system operators (e.g., map data used by Rural Agency Personnel to monitor and manage the road network, and map data used by fleet managers to manage a vehicle fleet). Satellite service Table A-2. (Continued).
Denitions of Actors A-7 Vu lnerab le R oad U ser ( VR U ) VRU is an individual, riding a bicycle or using human power to move (walk), who participates in shared use of the transportation network by motorized and non-motorized transportation modes. VRUs represent those using non- motorized travel modes that sometimes share motor vehicle lanes; cyclists and pedestrians provide input (e.g., a call signal requesting right of way at an intersection) and may be detected by connected vehicles and ITS services to improve safety. Individuals may be carrying a device that provides the capability to send and receive formatted traveler information based on personal input and personal updates. Capabilities include traveler information, trip planning, and route guidance. Frequently, the handheld device (e.g., a smartphone) provides travelers with the capability to receive route planning and other personally focused transportation services from the infrastructure in the field, at home, at work, or while en route. The device may operate independently or may be linked with connected vehicle equipment. Secu rity Credential Management System ( SCMS) The SCMS is a high-level aggregate representation of the interconnected systems that enable trusted communications between mobile devices and other mobile devices, roadside devices, and centers and protect data they handle from unauthorized access. Representing the different interconnected systems that make up a PKI, this actor represents an end-user view of the credentials management system with focus on the exchanges between the SCMS and user devices that support the secure distribution, use, and revocation of trust credentials. P ositioning and T iming Systems Positioning and Timing Systems represent systems that provide accurate location and time to ITS devices and systems. R u ral Connected Vehicle Actor Definition environmental conditions, such as road condition and surface-weather information. The snowplow could monitor whether the plow is up or down and material usage information. This can include a diverse set of mobile environmental sensing platforms, including wheeled vehicles and any other vehicle that collects and reports environmental information. P u b lic Safety Vehicle OB U Public safety vehicle OB U is onboard equipment that resides in a public safety vehicle and provides processing, storage, and communications functions that support public safety-related connected vehicle applications. It includes two- way communications to support a coordinated response to emergencies. Maintenance and Constru ction Vehicle OB U Maintenance and construction vehicle OB U is onboard equipment that resides in maintenance and construction vehicles (e.g., agency fleet/maintenance and supervisory vehicles, snowplows (agency-owned and contracted)) and provides processing, storage, and communications functions that support highway maintenance. It includes two-way communications to support a coordinated response to emergencies. It also provides two-way communications between drivers/operators and dispatchers and maintains and communicates current location and status information. A wide range of operational status is monitored, measured, and made available, depending on the specific type of vehicle or equipment. It may include sensors that monitor Table A-2. (Continued).