Guidelines for the Development and Application of Crash Modification Factors (2022)

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References 101   Harkey, D. L., F. M. Council, R. Srinivasan, C. Lyon, B. Persaud, K. Eccles, N. Lefler, et al. 2008. NCHRP Report 617: Accident Modification Factors for Traffic Engineering and ITS Improvements. Washington D.C.: Transportation Research Board, National Academy of Sciences. Harwood, D., K. Bauer, I. Potts, D. Torbic, K. Richard, E. Kohlman-Rabbani, E. Hauer, and L. Elefteriadou. 2002. “Safety Effectiveness of Intersection Left- and Right-Turn Lanes.” Report No. FHWA-RD-02-089, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C. Harwood, D. W., F. M. Council, E. Hauer, W. E. Hughes, and A. Vogt. 2000. “Prediction of the Expected Safety Performance of Rural Two-Lane Highways.” FHWA-RD-99-207, McLean, Virginia, Federal Highway Administration. Hauer, E. 1997. Observational Before-After Studies in Road Safety. Pergamon Press, Oxford, UK. Himes, S. and F. 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102 Guidelines for the Development and Application of Crash Modification Factors Rosenbaum, P. and D. Rubin. 1983. “The Central Role of the Propensity Score in Observational Studies for Causal Effects.” Biometrika, Vol. 70, No.1: 41–55. Sacchi, E., T. Sayed, and A. Osama. 2015. Developing Crash Modification Functions for Pedestrian Signal Improve- ment. Accident Analysis & Prevention, Vol. 83: 47–56. Sasidharan, L. and E. Donnell. 2013. “Application of Propensity Scores and Potential Outcomes to Estimate Effectiveness of Traffic Safety Countermeasures: Exploratory Analysis Using Intersection Lighting Data.” Accident Analysis & Prevention, Vol. 50: 539–553. Simpson, C. E. and J. E. Hummer. 2010. “Evaluation of the Conversion from Two-Way Stop Sign Control to All-Way Stop Sign Control at 53 Locations in North Carolina.” Journal of Transportation Safety & Security, Vol. 2(3): 239–260. Srinivasan, R., J. Baek, D. Carter, B. Persaud, C. Lyon, K. Eccles, F. Gross, and N. Lefler. 2009. “Safety Evalua- tion of Improved Curve Delineation.” Report No. FHWA-HRT-09-045, Federal Highway Administration, Washington, D.C. Srinivasan, R., J. Baek, and F. Council. 2010. “Safety Evaluation of Transverse Rumble Strips on Approaches to Stop-Controlled Intersections in Rural Areas.” Presented at the 89th Annual Meeting of the Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Srinivasan, R., J. Baek, S. Smith, C. Sundstrom, D. Carter, C. Lyon, B. Persaud. et al. 2011. NCHRP Report 705: Evaluation of Safety Strategies at Signalized Intersections. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Srinivasan, R. and B. Lan. 2016. “Estimation of Crash Modification Functions Using Site-Level Information from Results of Empirical Bayes Before-After Evaluations, Final Report.” Southeastern Transportation Center, U.S. Department of Transportation Grant DTRT13-G-UTC34. Torbic, D., J. Hutton, C. Bokenkroger, K. Bauer, D. Harwood, D. Gilmore, J. Dunn, et al. 2009. NCHRP Report 641: Guidance for the Design and Application of Shoulder and Centerline Rumble Strips. Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C. Turner, B. and M. Tziotis. 2008. “Road Safety Engineering Risk Assessment: Recent and Future Research.” Journal of the Australasian College of Road Safety 19 (1): 29–35. Woolf, G. 1955. “On Estimating the Relationship between Blood Group and Disease.” Annals of Human Genetics. Vol., 19: 251–253. Wu, L. and D. Lord. 2016. “Investigating the Influence of Dependence between Variables on Crash Modification Factors Developed using Regression Models.” Presented at the Transportation Research Board 95th Annual Meeting, Paper No. 16-2432, Washington, DC. Zegeer, C. V., D. W. Reinfurt, W. W. Hunter, J. Hummer, R. Stewart, and L. Herf. 1988. “Accident Effects of Sideslope and Other Roadside Features on Two-Lane Roads.” Transportation Research Record 1195: 33–47 Transportation Research Board, Washington, D.C.