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Suggested Citation:"INDEX." Institute of Medicine. 1994. AIDS and Behavior: An Integrated Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4770.
×

Index

A

Abusive relationships, 96-97

ACT-UP, 93

ADAMHA. See Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration

ADAMHA Reorganization Act of 1992 (PL 102-321), 19, 157, 158, 162, 165, 166

and grant review process, 22, 176-177

implications for services and research, 35-36, 245

Addiction. See Alcohol use;

Injection drug use;

Substance abuse;

Withdrawal syndrome

Advisory councils, 22, 170, 176, 177-178, 179, 181

Africa, 51, 52, 60, 100-101, 112, 115

African Americans, 39-40, 67, 90, 94, 97

in research, 34, 95, 102-103, 106-107, 204, 239, 248

AIDS Advisory Council, 170

AIDS clinical trials units (ACTUs), 226

AIDS dementia complex (ADC), 12-13, 31, 42, 125-134, 141

research recommendations, 17-18, 151

treatment, 13, 134

AIDS in Multiethnic Neighborhoods (AMEN) study, 73-74, 230

AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM), 85

Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration (ADAMHA), v, 35, 37

budget process, 21, 171, 172-175

grant review process, 22, 177

history of, 159-162

reorganization, vi-vii, 3, 19, 20, 21, 35, 36, 37, 42, 43, 158-168, 171, 174-175, 185, 240, 245

See also National Institute of Mental Health;

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism;

National Institute on Drug Abuse;

Office of Substance Abuse Prevention;

Office of Treatment Improvement;

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

Alcohol Research Centers, 201, 203

Alcohol use, 61, 69, 70, 73

immune system effects, 13-14, 26, 134-135, 198, 201, 202

intervention and outreach, 106-107, 247-248

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." Institute of Medicine. 1994. AIDS and Behavior: An Integrated Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4770.
×

and HIV seroprevalence rates, 40, 64, 69, 70, 203

and sexual behavior, 49, 63-66, 80, 118, 203-204

Amyl nitrite, 49

Anal intercourse, 4, 48-49, 51, 99, 118

Anal warts, 4, 50

Animal models, 16, 18, 79, 133, 151

Antiaddictive drugs, 82

Antinarcotic drugs, 15, 18, 152

Antipsychotic drugs, 15, 18, 152

Anxiety, 15, 140, 141, 144

Applied research, 24, 25, 188, 189

Aseptic meningitis, 12, 125

Asia, 51

Astrocytes, 13, 128, 130

Asymptomatic stage. See Latency period

Avoidant coping, 16, 143.

See also Cognitive coping strategies;

Coping behavior

AZT (zidovudine), 18, 138, 152

B

Backloading, 55

Basic research, 2, 24-25, 40, 188, 189

deficiencies in, 2, 40-41

funding allocations for, 190-191

See also Theoretical models

Behavioral epidemiology, viii, 3, 5, 30, 33, 41, 226, 237-238

Behavior change interventions, 2, 9-10, 28, 30, 40, 41, 83, 98-121, 203, 220, 229, 252

community focus, 9, 114-116, 212-213, 214

evaluation of, 10, 11, 33, 119-121, 122, 123, 203, 216, 238

individual focus, 9, 88-89, 99, 108-111, 114

injection drug use, 111, 114, 116, 212-213, 214

maintenance, 9, 10, 11, 41, 116-119, 122, 123

models of, 9, 10, 83-88, 98-99, 118-119, 121-122, 227

research support, 11, 123

sexual behavior, 99, 108-111, 114-115

study examples, 100-109

See also Preventive interventions;

Relapse prevention

Bereavement, 16, 145

support services, 145, 244

Biomedical/biobehavioral research, 24, 188

NIAAA activities, 25-26, 201-203

NIDA activities, 27-28, 209-210

NIMH activities, 30, 225-226

Bleach 215, 250

Blood, 1, 39, 51, 53, 58, 66

Blood-brain barrier, 13, 133

Blood transfusion, 1, 39, 52, 66

Booting, 53-54

Brain, 3, 6, 12, 13, 17, 42, 78, 80, 124

Budget process, 3, 20, 42, 157-158, 171-172, 173, 185

of ADAMHA, 21, 171, 172-175

of NIAAA, 21, 174, 175-176

of NIDA, 21, 174, 175-176

of NIH, 20-21, 168, 169-172, 175-176

of NIMH, 21, 174, 175-176

See also Funding for HIV/AIDS research and programs

Butyl nitrite, 49

C

California Partners' Study, 50-51

Caregiving, 16-17, 30, 145-151

coping behavior of, 19, 141, 147, 148, 153

formal, 17, 148-149, 150

informal, 16-17, 146-148

mental health of, 16-17, 146-149, 149-151

research recommendations, 19, 149-151, 153

stress, 15, 17, 30, 150

Cases of AIDS. See Incidence;

Prevalence

Center for AIDS Intervention Research (CAIR), 231

Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), 145, 227, 230, 231, 251 -252

Center for Biopsychosocial Study of AIDS, 230

Center for Mental Health Services (CMHS), vi, 20, 35, 163, 166, 241 , 243-244, 254

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." Institute of Medicine. 1994. AIDS and Behavior: An Integrated Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4770.
×

Center for Substance Abuse Prevention (CSAP), vi, 35, 240, 244

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT), vi, 20, 35, 163, 240, 241, 243, 248, 249, 251

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), 38, 62, 85, 95, 252, 253, 254

Central nervous system (CNS), 12-13, 15, 17-18, 30, 34, 124, 125-134, 151, 209, 225-226, 238-239

opportunistic infections of, 12, 125, 126

and sexual behavior, 10, 122

See also AIDS dementia complex;

Brain;

Neurobiology

Cerebral toxoplasmosis, 12, 125

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), 13, 127, 128

Cervical secretions, 50

Class. See Socioeconomic status

Clinical trials, 226

Cocaine, 10, 53, 54, 55, 61, 81, 82, 118, 122.

See also Crack cocaine

Cofactors of transmission, 48

in sexual practices, 48-51, 53, 59-66

Cognitive coping strategies, 16, 143, 144.

See also Avoidant coping;

Coping behavior

Cognitive impairment, 6, 77.

See also AIDS dementia complex;

Mental health and illness;

Seriously mentally ill

Collaborative research, 30-31, 34, 229-232, 238-239

and grant review process, 23, 185

and service programs, 34, 36-37, 43, 240, 245-254

Commercial sex workers, 52, 69, 96, 110-111, 113, 115.

See also Sex-for-crack exchanges

Community factors, 5, 8-9, 10-11, 24, 76, 88-89, 93-94, 118, 123

activism, 93-94

highrisk settings, 4-5, 56-57, 71-75, 76

See also Cultural factors;

Social networks;

Social norms;

Social

science research;

Social-structural research

Community intervention and outreach, 10-11, 88, 102-103, 104-105, 108-109, 114-116, 123, 228

for alcohol users, 247-248

for commercial sex workers, 115

for drug users, 5, 28, 116, 212-213, 214, 216, 241, 243, 249-250

for gay men, 91, 93-94, 114

and mental health services, 241, 243-244, 252-253

models of, 86-87

for Native Americans, 247-248

stress among workers, 17, 150-151

for youth, 244, 248, 251

See also Demonstration projects;

National AIDS Demonstration Research Program

Comprehensive Community Treatment Program (CCTP), 35, 241, 243

Concurrent epidemics and health events, 5, 6, 50, 71, 75, 76, 77

Condoms, 51, 83, 84, 92, 97, 111, 114, 115

and drug use, 60, 75, 116

female, 111, 112-113

Contracts and contract proposals, 181, 192, 193

Cookers, 54-55

Cooperative agreements (U01s), 181, 192, 193

Cooperative clinical research (R10/U10) awards, 192

Coping behavior, 15, 16, 19, 30, 141, 142-145, 153

of caregivers, 19, 141, 147, 148, 153

NIMH research, 19, 153

Cortical dementias, 128

Cost-effectiveness of interventions, 9, 11, 33, 121, 122, 123, 238

Cost-to-benefit ratio, 121, 122

Cottons, 54, 55

Counseling services, 99, 110, 244

Couples, 8, 11, 55-56, 89, 91, 92, 110, 123.

See also Drug-running partners;

Sexual partners

Crack cocaine, 34, 59-63, 210, 211, 238

and sexual behavior, 28, 59, 60-63, 75, 211

Crack houses, 4-5, 59, 76

CRISP (Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects) system, 177, 299-300, 301

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." Institute of Medicine. 1994. AIDS and Behavior: An Integrated Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4770.
×

Cross-disciplinary research, 24, 25, 42-43, 78, 189-190

on drug abuse treatment, 15, 33-34, 83, 238

and grant review process, 22, 23, 182-184, 185

on preventive interventions, 9-10, 122, 124

Cryptococcal meningitis, 12, 125

Cultural factors, 5, 7, 8-9, 10-11, 24, 33, 34, 76, 87, 93, 123, 238

affecting research-service collaboration, 36-37, 245-246, 254

coping strategies, 16, 19, 145, 153

in treatment and disease progression, 19, 152

See also Community factors;

Ethnography

Cultural sensitivity, 8, 89, 94-95

Cytokines, 126, 131, 133

Cytomegalovirus (CMV), 126

D

Data collection, vii, 24, 34, 186-187, 239, 299-303.

See also Surveillance and data collection

Deaths from HIV/AIDS, 1, 40, 67, 68

Dementia, 128-129.

See also AIDS dementia complex

Demonstration projects

mental health services, 19, 153, 243-245, 252-253

outreach for injection drug users, 249-250

research projects (R18s), 25, 34, 116, 192, 193, 207, 212-213, 214 , 217, 220, 238, 249

service delivery, 20, 30, 163, 241, 248-250

See also Community intervention and outreach;

National AIDS Demonstration Research Program

Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), 38, 158

budget review process, 21, 170, 171

See also Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration;

National Institutes of Health;

Public Health Service;

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

Depression, 15-16, 17, 30, 118, 140-141, 142, 143, 144

among caregivers, 16-17, 30, 145

among health care professionals, 17, 149

among people with HIV/AIDS, 15-16, 30, 141-144

Diaphragms, 112

Diffusion Theory, 86-87

Disease progression and pathogenesis, 3, 11-12, 17-19, 24, 124-126, 129-133, 136-137, 151-152

basic research, 2, 41-42

central nervous system injury, 11-13, 124-126, 129, 133

and epidemiologic study, 66

and mental illness, 11, 12, 15, 18, 124, 140, 152

research recommendations, 17-19, 151-152

social-structural factors, 10, 123

Division of Research Grants (DRG), 177, 182

Dopamine systems, 10, 81-82, 122

Drug-running partners, 55-56, 91-92

Drugs. See Cocaine;

Crack cocaine;

Heroin;

Injection drug use;

Needle

exchange;

Pharmacologic interventions;

Substance abuse

Dual review systems, 22, 177-178.

See also Grant review process

Dyads. See Couples;

Sexual partners

Dysphoria, 17, 147

E

Efficacy beliefs, 84

Emotional distress, 16, 30, 143

Enemas, 48

Epidemiological research, 5-6, 24, 76-77, 120, 122, 188-189

NIAAA activities, 26, 203

NIDA activities, 28, 210-212

NIMH activities, 226

See also Behavioral epidemiology;

Incidence;

Prevalence;

Surveillance and data collection

Ethnography, 33, 34, 88, 238, 239

in drug use settings, 5, 56, 60, 211-212

Evaluation research, 2, 9, 10, 11, 33, 119-121, 122, 123, 238

Experimental studies. See Pre-post

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." Institute of Medicine. 1994. AIDS and Behavior: An Integrated Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4770.
×

comparison studies;

Randomized controlled trials

Extramural research grants, 25, 189, 190, 191, 192, 205, 220, 228.

See also Grant review process

F

Families, 11, 19, 24, 123, 146-148, 150, 153

Female condom, 111, 112-113

Female-to-male transmission, 51-53.

See also Heterosexual transmission

First independent research support and transition (FIRST) awards, 192

Fisting, 48, 49

Frontloading, 55

Funding for HIV/AIDS research and programs, 26, 27, 29, 31, 32, 35 , 187, 198, 205, 221, 232-235, 241-244

Funding mechanisms, 191-198, 201, 202, 207, 208, 223, 224

G

Gay and bisexual men, 1, 39, 40, 66, 69, 70, 75, 79

alcohol use, 64

caregiving, 146, 147, 150

coping strategies, 16, 144, 145

intervention and outreach, 91, 93, 99, 114-115, 118, 203-204, 248, 252

mental health and illness, 16, 144

sexual behavior, 48-49, 70, 91, 99, 114-115, 117, 118-119

Gay Men's Health Crisis (GMHC), 93

Gender, 6, 7, 10, 11, 34, 79, 87, 92, 95-97, 122-123, 239

in coping strategies, 16, 145

in treatment and disease progression, 19, 152

Genital warts, 4, 50, 51

Gonorrhea, 4, 50

Gp120 (glycoprotein), 13, 130-132

Grant analysis methodology, 299-303

Grant review process, 3, 20, 42, 157-158, 176-185

of NIAAA, 23, 179, 180, 181, 182-183, 185

of NIDA, 23, 179, 180, 181, 182-183, 185

of NIH, 22-23, 177, 178-179, 181, 183

of NIMH, 23, 179, 181-183, 185

scoring and rating systems, 22-23, 178, 183-184, 185

Group counseling, 99

H

Health Belief Model, 84, 85

Health care professionals

attitudes toward patients, 17, 89, 149

mental health of, 17, 148-149, 150-151

training programs for, 20, 163, 231-232, 241, 243-244, 252

Health care services and access, 8, 18-19, 24, 67, 90, 152

for drug users, 14, 18-19, 136, 138-140, 152, 241, 243-244, 248

and family caregivers, 148

for gay men, 93

Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA), 38, 241, 252, 253, 254

Hemophiliacs, 1, 39, 40, 70

Hepatitis, 14, 49, 137

Heroin, 53, 55, 61, 80, 81, 82

Herpes, 4, 13, 50, 51, 129

Heterosexual transmission, 1, 4, 39, 48, 50-53, 66, 67, 96-97

and crack cocaine, 60-63

HHS. See Department of Health and Human Services

Hierarchical diffusion, 67-68

Hispanic/Latino Americans, 39-40, 67, 74, 94, 97

in research, 34, 100-101, 106-107, 230, 239, 248

HIV Center for Clinical and Behavioral Studies, 227, 230, 231, 251 -252

HIV Neurobehavioral Research Center, 230-231

Homeless youth, 41, 251

Homosexuality. See Gay and bisexual men;

Lesbians and bisexual women

Hypodermic needles, 4, 53-54, 57, 58.

See also Injection drug use, paraphernalia;

Needle exchange

Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, 16, 141

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." Institute of Medicine. 1994. AIDS and Behavior: An Integrated Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4770.
×

I

Immune system, 15-16, 28, 30, 42, 125, 127, 130-131, 141-142, 205, 209-210, 225, 226

alcohol effects, 13-14, 26, 134-135, 198, 201, 202

See also Psychoneuroimmunology

IMPAC (Information for Management, Planning, Analysis, and Coordination) data system, 177

Incidence, 1, 39, 40, 66-68, 69

of drug use, 70-71

Indian Health Service, 247

Infants, perinatal HIV transmission, 1, 39, 66, 97, 210

Informal caregivers, 16-17, 146-148

Initial review groups (IRGs), 177, 178, 181.

See also Grant review process

Injection drug use, 1, 4-5, 15, 28, 39, 40, 47, 53-58, 66, 69, 75, 78, 82, 91, 135-140, 210-212, 213-215

and caregiving, 147, 150

and clinical trials, 18, 152

coping strategies, 145

data collection, 70-71, 211

intervention and outreach, 71, 100-109, 111, 114, 116, 212-213, 214 , 250

paraphernalia, 4, 53-55, 71, 250

seropositivity rates, 40

and sexual behavior, 53, 59, 63, 75, 91-92

social norms in, 92

See also Needle exchange

Intervention. See Behavior change interventions;

Community intervention

and outreach;

Pharmacologic interventions;

Preventive interventions;

Services programs and delivery;

Treatment

Intramural research programs, 181

Intravenous drug use. See Injection drug use

Investigator-initiated grants (R01s), 25, 179, 192, 193

Italian Study Group on HIV Heterosexual Transmission, 51

IV drug use. See Injection drug use

J

Jacking, 54

Job Corps, 40, 69, 70

K

Kaposi's sarcoma, 49

Kicking, 53

L

Latency period

and AIDS dementia complex, 13, 128, 133

and epidemiological studies, 52, 66

Latinos. See Hispanic/Latino Americans

Lesbians and bisexual women, 53

Leukoencephalopathy, 12, 125

Levo-alpha-acetylmethadol (LAAM), 82, 210

Liver disease, 135, 137, 138

Loss. See Bereavement

Lymphatic system, 14, 125, 135

Lymphoma, 12, 124, 125

M

Macrophages, 130-131

Mason categories, 188

Mathematical modeling, 24, 120-121, 122

Media campaigns, 115

Mediating variables, 9, 98

Men, 1, 34, 39, 40, 49, 66, 67, 96, 239.

See also Female-to-male transmission;

Gay and bisexual men;

Heterosexual transmission

Meningitis, 12, 125

Mental health and illness, 3, 6, 13, 15-16, 72-73, 142-145

among caregivers, 16-17, 146-149, 149-151

and drug use, 15, 72, 73

among health care professionals, 17, 148-149, 150-151

and HIV disease progression and pathogenesis, 11, 12, 15, 18, 124, 140, 152

and HIV treatment, 12, 18, 140, 152

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." Institute of Medicine. 1994. AIDS and Behavior: An Integrated Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4770.
×

intervention and outreach, 241, 243-245, 252-253

research recommendations, 6, 18, 77

seroprevalence among patients, 40, 69, 70, 71, 73

See also AIDS dementia complex;

Depression;

Emotional distress;

Psychoneuroimmunology;

Seriously mentally ill;

Stress

Methadone, 14, 18, 82, 111, 138, 152, 251

Methods to extend research in time (MERIT) awards, 192

Microglia, 13, 131

Military recruits and personnel, 69

Motherhood, 97

Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study (MACS), 118, 142, 226

Multi-disciplinary research. See Cross-disciplinary research

Multi-Site HIV Prevention Trial, 227

N

National AIDS Behavioral Surveys (NABS), 230

National AIDS Demonstration Research Program (NADR), 116, 191, 212 -213, 214, 217, 220, 249

National AIDS Program Office (NAPO), 38, 172, 254

National Cancer Institute, 232, 233

National Center for Research Resources, 233, 234

National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, 233, 234

National Institute of Allergies and Infectious Diseases, 232, 233, 234

National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), vi, vii, viii, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 16, 40, 41, 42, 43, 47, 76, 77, 78, 122, 123, 151 , 152, 153, 157, 158, 159, 160, 161, 162, 163, 236-237, 238, 239, 255, 256

AIDS coordinator position, 20, 29, 31, 33, 165, 168, 223, 237

budget process, 21, 174, 175-176

collaborative activities, 17-18, 19, 30-31, 34, 37, 38, 151, 152, 229-232, 254, 255

grant review process, 22-23, 179, 181-183, 185

research portfolio and funding allocations, 23-24, 25, 29-30, 31, 42, 189-191 192, 193, 221-229, 232, 233, 234, 235

service linkages, 240, 243, 247, 251-253

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism (NIAAA), vi, vii , viii, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 18, 19, 40, 41, 42, 43, 76, 77, 78, 122, 123, 151, 152, 153, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 236-237, 238 , 239, 255, 256

AIDS coordinator position, 20, 25-26, 31, 33, 165, 168, 237

budget process, 21, 174, 175-176

collaborative activities, 17, 18, 19, 30-31, 34, 37, 38, 151, 229-232, 254, 255

grant review process, 22-23, 179, 180, 181, 182-183, 185

research portfolio and funding allocations, 23-24, 25-26, 31, 42, 189-191, 193, 198-204, 232, 233, 234, 235

service linkages, 240, 247-248

National Institute on Child Health and Human Development, 225, 233 , 234

National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA), vi, vii, viii, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 11, 18, 19, 40, 41, 42, 43, 47, 62, 76, 77, 78, 122, 123 , 151, 152, 153, 157, 158, 160, 161, 162, 163, 236-237, 238, 239, 255, 256

AIDS coordinator position, 20, 26-27, 31, 33, 165, 168, 199, 200, 208-209, 237

budget process, 21, 174, 175-176

collaborative research activities, 18, 19, 20, 30-31, 34, 37, 38, 229-232, 254, 255

grant review process, 22-23, 179, 180, 181, 182-183, 185

research portfolio and funding allocations, 23-24, 25, 26-28, 31, 42, 189-191, 192, 193, 205-221, 232, 233, 234, 235

service linkages, 240, 241, 247, 248-251

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." Institute of Medicine. 1994. AIDS and Behavior: An Integrated Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4770.
×

National Institute on Neurological Disorders and Stroke, 225-226, 233

National Institutes of Health (NIH), v, 3

budget process, 20-21, 168, 169-172, 175-176

funding allocations, 31, 32, 232-233

grant review process, 22-23, 177, 178-179, 181, 183

restructuring of, vi, 19, 20-21, 35, 157, 158, 165, 168-171

See also National Institute of Mental Health;

National Institute

on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism;

National Institute on Drug Abuse;

Office of AIDS Research

National surveys, 5, 69, 76

Native American Prevention Project on AIDS and Substance Abuse, 203 , 247-248

Navajo Tribe, 203, 247

Needle exchange, 33, 93, 102-103, 116, 121, 215, 216, 238, 250

community opposition, 8, 94-95

Neurobiology, viii, 25, 31, 78

of drug addiction, 6-7, 80-83, 122

NIMH research support, 17-18, 151, 225-226, 228-229

of risk behavior, 6-7, 41-42, 78-79, 122

of sexual behavior, 6-7, 10, 78-79, 122

See also Brain;

Central nervous system;

Mental health and illness;

Peripheral nervous system;

Psychoneuro-immunology

Neurochemical systems, 10, 79, 122

Neuropathology, 13, 129-132, 151

New York, 40, 55, 74

NIAAA. See National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism

NIDA. See National Institute on Drug Abuse

NIH. See National Institutes of Health

NIH Revitalization Act of 1993, vi, 19-21, 157, 168, 169, 170, 235

NIMH. See National Institute of Mental Health

Nimodipine, 13, 132

Nitrite inhalants, 49

NMDA receptors, 131-132

Noradrenergic systems, 10, 122

Norms. See Social norms

O

Office of AIDS Research (OAR), vi, 3, 19-21, 33, 42, 157, 168-171, 172, 175, 176, 185, 237

and collaborative research, 33, 237

emergency discretionary fund, 20, 169, 170-171

and institute program coordination, 33, 169, 235, 237

new budget authority, vi, 20-21, 157, 168-171

Office of Management and Budget (OMB), 21, 171

Office of National AIDS Policy (ONAP), 38, 254, 256

Office of National Drug Control Policy (ONDCP), 158, 163, 172

Office of Substance Abuse Prevention (OSAP), 163.

See also Center for Substance Abuse Prevention

Office of Treatment Improvement (OTI), 163.

See also Center for Substance Abuse Treatment

Opioids and opioid peptide receptors, 10, 14, 80-81, 122, 138, 210

Opportunistic infections, 134

of central nervous system, 12, 125, 126

and drug interactions, 18, 152

Oral-genital intercourse, 4, 48

Outcome measures, 9, 11, 30, 84, 98, 117-118, 120, 123

Outreach. See Community intervention and outreach

P

Parental caregivers, 147-148, 150

Pathogenesis. See Disease progression and pathogenesis

Peer review, 22-23, 171, 176, 177, 181, 184.

See also Grant review process

Pentoxyphilline, 13, 132

Peptide T, 225

Perinatal HIV transmission, 1, 39, 66, 97, 210

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." Institute of Medicine. 1994. AIDS and Behavior: An Integrated Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4770.
×

Perinatal 20 Treatment Research Demonstration Program, 210

Peripheral nervous system (PNS), 12, 125

Peripheral neuropathy, 12, 125

Phagocytes, 14, 135

Pharmacologic interventions, 18, 42, 152

for AIDS dementia complex, 131-32, 134

for drug abuse, 14-15, 18, 152

and drug interactions, 14, 15, 18, 138, 152

experimental, 93

PL 102-321. See ADAMHA Reorganization Act of 1992

PL 103-43. See NIH revitalization Act of 1993

Poliovirus, 13, 129

Political sensitivities, 2, 4, 40, 47, 89

Poppers. See Nitrite inhalants

Posttraumatic stress disorder, 17, 149

Pre-post comparison studies, 9, 98

Prevalence, 39-40, 47, 69-70, 112

data limitations, 76, 92

risky behaviors, 4-5, 47, 70, 71-76

Prevention Demonstrations for HighRisk Youth Program, 35, 244

Preventive interventions, 2, 4, 40

assessment and evaluation of, 2, 9, 10, 24, 98-99, 119-121, 122

basic research, 2, 9-10, 41, 121

for highrisk settings, 5, 76

study examples, 100-109

See also Behavior change interventions

Prisoners, 34, 238

Program announcements (PAs), 25, 193, 194-197, 229-230.

See also Requests for applications

Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (PML), 12, 125

Prostitution. See Commercial sex workers;

Sex-for-crack exchanges

Psychiatric disorders. See AIDS dementia complex;

Mental health and

illness;

Seriously mentally ill

Psychoactive drugs, 14, 18, 81, 152, 249

Psychometrics, 184

Psychoneuroimmunology, 15-16, 30, 141-142

NIMH research support for, 16, 30, 141, 190, 225

Psychosocial factors, 6, 7-8, 24, 43, 78, 83, 140-141, 188, 189

in behavior change, 9-10, 84-88, 118

and caregiving, 12, 15, 124, 141, 145-151

NIAAA research activities, 26, 203-204

NIDA research activities, 28, 213-215

NIMH research activities, 30, 221, 227

in risky behavior, 5, 83-84, 118

in sexual behavior, 6, 7, 83, 87-88, 92-93

See also Community factors;

Coping behavior;

Gender;

Mental health

and illness;

Psychoneuroimmunology;

Relationships

Public Health Service (PHS), vi, 43, 171, 177

interagency coordination, 6, 34, 38, 77, 237, 238, 254-255

services programs, 157

See also Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and mental Health Administration;

National Institutes of Health;

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services

Administration

Q

Qualitative sociology, viii, 3, 41, 76

Quality of life, 67

and AIDS dementia complex, 12, 126

Quinolinic acid (QUIN), 131, 225

R

Race/ethnicity, 7, 10, 11, 34, 67, 94-95, 118, 123

and coping strategies, 16, 19, 145, 153

discrimination, 8, 90, 95, 97

in treatment and disease progression, 19, 152

as variable in research, 10, 11, 19, 34, 118, 123, 152, 153, 239

See also African Americans;

Hispanic/Latino Americans

Randomized controlled trials, 9, 98, 119-120

Rectal douching, 48-49

Relapse prevention, 11, 116-119, 123

Relationships, 24, 30, 89

among drug users, 55-56, 75, 96

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." Institute of Medicine. 1994. AIDS and Behavior: An Integrated Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4770.
×

Requests for applications (RFAs), 25, 193, 194-197.

See also Program announcements

Research career program awards, 192

Research Center on Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of AIDS Dementia, 231

Research centers, 25, 30-31, 192, 193, 230-231, 251-252

Research program projects (PO1s), 192

Research project grants (RPGs), 178, 179, 181, 192

Rifabutin, 138

Rifampin, 138

Runaway youths, 41, 99, 108, 251

Running partners, 55-56, 57.

See also Drug-running partners

S

SAMHSA. See Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration

San Francisco Cohort Study, 69

San Francisco Men's Health Study, 142

Scientific advisory committees, 176, 181.

See also Advisory councils

Self-efficacy, 7, 84, 98, 118

Self in Relation Theory, 87-88

Self-reported data, 9, 117-118

Semen, 49, 51

Seriously mentally ill, 6, 71, 72-73, 77

Seroprevalence Monitoring System, 211

Services programs and delivery, 34-38

and ADAMHA reorganization, 19, 157, 158, 163

balance with research, 174, 241, 243

collaboration with researchers, 34, 36-37, 43, 240, 245-254

demonstration programs, 20, 163, 241, 248-250

interagency coordination, 34, 37, 43, 240, 253-254, 255

training, 249-250

See also Community intervention and outreach;

Preventive interventions;

Treatment

Sex. See Gay and bisexual men;

Gender differences;

Heterosexual transmission;

Lesbians and bisexual women;

Men;

Sexual behavior;

Sexual orientation;

Sexual partners;

Women

Sex education, 99

Sex-of-crack exchanges, 60, 61-63.

See also Commercial sex workers

Sexual behavior, 4-5, 47-53, 75, 78, 230

and alcohol use, 49, 63-66, 80, 118, 199, 203, 204

and crack cocaine, 28, 59, 60-63, 75, 211-212

intervention and outreach, 91, 93, 98-99, 100-109, 110-111, 114-119

national surveys, 2, 40, 83

neurobiological factors, 6-7, 10, 78-79, 122

psychosocial factors, 6, 7, 83, 87-88, 92-93

research on, 2, 4, 5-6, 10, 11, 40-41, 76-77, 122, 123, 227

among seriously mentally ill, 72-73

Sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), 4, 6-7, 48, 50, 51, 53, 75

and drug uses, 59, 60, 62, 243

health care worker training programs, 241

See also Gonorrhea, Herpes, Syphilis

Sexual orientation, 4, 48

coping strategies, 19, 153

See also Gay and bisexual men;

Heterosexual transmission;

Lesbians

and bisexual women

Sexual partners, 1, 39, 50-52

of drug users, 1, 39, 63, 66, 93, 116, 205, 211-212, 213, 214, 241 , 249

multiplicity of, 4, 48, 52, 83, 118

networks, 67-68, 71-74, 93

Sex workers. See Commercial sex workers

''Shooting galleries," 4-5, 55, 56-67, 58, 59, 76

Skills building programs, 244

Skin-popping, 53

Small Business Innovation Research Grants (SBIR-R43/44), 192

Social Cognitive Learning Theory, 84, 85

Social networks, 8, 30, 65-66, 67-68, 74-75, 88, 90-92

and prevalence, 92

Social norms, 7, 8, 9, 74, 91, 92-93, 98

Social science research, 2, 5-6, 8-9, 21, 33, 40-41, 76-77, 88-97, 237-238.

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." Institute of Medicine. 1994. AIDS and Behavior: An Integrated Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4770.
×

See also Psychosocial factors;

Qualitative sociology

Social-structural research, 10-11, 24, 123, 188, 189

NIAAA activities, 26, 204

NIDA activities, 28, 215

NIMH activities, 30, 227-228

research recommendations, 10-11, 33, 123

Social support, 16, 143, 144

Socioeconomic status (class), 7, 10, 34, 67, 90, 97, 118, 123, 239

coping strategies, 19, 153

Spatial contagion, 68

Special review groups (SRGs), 177.

See also Grant review process

Speedballs, 55

Spermicides, 112

Sponges, 112

Spoons, 54-55

Stages of change models, 85-86, 87

Sterilization, 95

Stigmatization, 89, 95, 146

Stress, 15, 16, 30, 99, 141, 143

among caregivers, 15, 17, 30, 150

among health care professionals, 17, 148-149

among people with HIV/AIDS, 141, 143, 144

Study sections, 22-23, 177, 178, 182.

See also Grant review process

Subcortical dementias, 128, 129

Substance abuse, 4-5, 27-28, 40, 70, 75

and clinical trials, 18, 152

data collection, 2, 18, 28, 70-71, 76, 210-211

and health care access, 14, 18-19, 136, 138-140, 152, 241, 243-244, 248

and HIV disease progression and pathogenesis, 11, 12, 14, 18, 124, 134, 136-137, 152, 205

and HIV treatment, 12, 14-15, 18, 135-136, 138-140, 152

intervention and outreach, 5, 41, 116, 212-213, 214, 241, 243, 249 -250

neurobiological factors, 6, 7, 10, 12, 78-79, 80-83, 122

psychosocial factors, 6, 90, 91, 96

research recommendations, 2, 5-6, 10, 18-19, 33-34, 76-77, 238

and sexual behavior, 49, 53, 60-63, 75, 80, 118

See also Alcohol use;

Cocaine;

Crack cocaine;

Heroin;

Injection drug

use;

Needle exchange

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA), vi, 3, 19, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 43, 157, 158, 163, 165, 238, 240, 241, 244, 249, 251, 253-255

coordination and collaboration, 34, 35, 38, 238, 244-245, 249, 251 , 253-255

service activities, 35, 240-245

See also Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration;

Center

for Mental Health Services;

Center for Substance Abuse Prevention;

Center for Substance Abuse Treatment

Surveillance and data collection, 5, 31, 66, 69-71, 76

drug abuse, 2, 18, 28, 70-71, 76, 210-211

limitations and deficiencies, 2, 3, 40-41, 66, 69, 76, 92

sexual practices, 2, 40, 40-41, 83

sociocultural factors, 34, 239

Susceptibility, 48, 49-50, 84, 85

Syphilis, 4, 50, 51, 62, 63

Syringes, 4, 53-54, 55, 57, 58, 250.

See also Bleach;

Hypodermic needles;

Injection drug use, paraphernalia;

Needle exchange

T

T-cells, 14, 135

Technology transfer, 36, 245, 249, 252

Testing for HIV, 40, 69, 142, 143

among drug users, 243

Theoretical models, 7-8, 10, 24, 95-96, 122

of behavior change, 9, 10, 83-88, 98-99, 118-119, 121-122, 122, 227

of sexual behavior, 7, 87-88, 96

Theory of Reasoned Action, 84

Toxoplasmosis, 12, 125

Training

of health care professionals, 20, 163, 231-232, 241, 243-244, 252

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." Institute of Medicine. 1994. AIDS and Behavior: An Integrated Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4770.
×

of researchers, 192, 231

for service programs, 249-250

Treatment, 1-2, 3, 4, 11-12, 18-19, 24, 40, 41-42, 124

demonstration programs, 35, 241, 243-244

for drug users, 28, 111, 205, 210, 215, 217, 218-219

health care worker training, 241

See also Pharmacologic interventions

Tuberculosis, 14, 75, 136-137, 241, 243

Tumor Necrosis Factor, 13, 131, 132

Tuskegee study, 95

U

Unemployment, 8, 90

Urban areas, 4-5, 56, 67-68

V

Vaccines, 1-2, 40

Vaginal secretions, 50

Vaginal transmission. See Heterosexual transmission

Violence, 6, 77, 96

Virologic studies, 54

W

Water contamination, 54, 57

Withdrawal syndrome, 7, 10, 57, 80, 82, 122

Women, 1, 24, 34, 39, 40, 67, 238, 248

lesbian and bisexual, 53

and relationships, 74, 87-88, 95-97

same-sex transmission, 53

sexual transmission and prophylaxis, 11, 50-53, 111, 112-113, 123

Women and Infants Transmission Study (WITS), 226

World Health Organization, 47

Y

Youth, 40, 41, 70, 99, 118

intervention and outreach, 108, 203, 244, 247, 248, 251

Z

Zidovudine (AZT), 18, 138, 152

Suggested Citation:"INDEX." Institute of Medicine. 1994. AIDS and Behavior: An Integrated Approach. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/4770.
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AIDS and Behavior: An Integrated Approach Get This Book
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HIV is spreading rapidly, and effective treatments continue to elude science. Preventive interventions are now our best defense against the epidemic—but they require a clear understanding of the behavioral and mental health aspects of HIV infection and AIDS.

AIDS and Behavior provides an update of what investigators in the biobehavioral, psychological, and social sciences have discovered recently about those aspects of the disease and offers specific recommendations for research directions and priorities.

This volume candidly discusses the sexual and drug-use behaviors that promote transmission of HIV and reports on the latest efforts to monitor the epidemic in its social contexts. The committee reviews new findings on how and why risky behaviors occur and efforts to develop strategies for changing such behaviors. The volume presents findings on the disease's progression and on the psychosocial impacts of HIV and AIDS, with a view toward intervention and improved caregiving.

AIDS and Behavior also evaluates the status of behavioral and prevention aspects of AIDS research at the National Institute of Mental Health, the National Institute on Drug Abuse, and the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism.

The volume presents background on the three institutes; their recent reorganization; their research budgets, programs, and priorities; and other important details. The committee offers specific recommendations for the institutes concerning the balance between biomedical and behavioral investigations, adequacy of administrative structures, and other research management issues.

Anyone interested in the continuing quest for new knowledge on preventing HIV and AIDS will want to own this book: policymakers, researchers, research administrators, public health professionals, psychologists, AIDS advocates and service providers, faculty, and students.

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