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ENGINEERING AND SOCIAL DYNAMICS 53 4 Engineering and Social Dynamics In previous chapters we have examined the development of the engineering profession in America and drawn some tentative observations about the nature of its actions and reactions, in earlier periods as well as recent times, with respect to the larger society of which it is a part. In this chapter we attempt to consolidate those historical characteristics and tendencies into a more generalized model of the dynamic interactions of engineering with the larger society. We discuss the effects of those interactions on the profession and society as a whole, and attempt to establish some key areas where functional problems may exist now or in the future. FLUCTUATING SUPPLY AND DEMAND The Societal Demand-Pull Factor A principal driver of technology development is societal demand for goods and services. Furthermore, an advancing technology itself tends to stimulate demand, if the technology accords with existing societal needs. Societal attitudes toward engineering and technology development also have a major impact on the type and level of demand for engineering-related goods and services. The demand for technological goods and services translates into demand by industry and government for engineers in different disciplines. This is the "demand-pull" factor. Industry is highly specific about the kinds and mixes of skills it
