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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A." National Research Council. 1998. U.S.-European Collaboration in Space Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5981.
×

A

Cooperative U.S.-European Space Projects

Tables A.1 through A.3, although fairly comprehensive, substantially understate the amount of cooperation in space projects that has taken place between Europe and the United States.1 This is because the tables do the following:

  • Indicate none of the many principal investigator (PI)–coinvestigator collaborations that have been established in both directions across the Atlantic;
  • Include no sounding rocket, balloon-borne, or aircraft-based experiments, which have been extensive with some countries;
  • Present no data sharing arrangements, for example, between two principal investigators flying scientific instruments on the same or different spacecraft;
  • Include no ground-based activity, such as the prearranged readout of scientific data by one country or institution of another's satellite data or the acceptance by one country of principal investigator/research investigations from another country to use data provided by the first Earth Resources Technology Satellite (ERTS, now Landsat);
  • Present no cooperation in technology or applications development, for example, on heat pipes (Shuttle Palette Satellite [SPAS]-01), spacecraft electrostatic charging and discharging (EOIM—Evaluation of Oxygen Interaction with Materials), Search and Rescue Satellites (COSPAS-SARSAT), or tether satellite experiments;
  • Indicate none of the cooperative strategic-level planning and more detailed coordination that goes on between and among research organizations in all three discipline areas—for example, to indicate only one of many, through CEOS (Committee on Earth Observation Satellites); or
  • Include no observing time on one another's astronomy satellites (U.S. responses to the European Space Agency [ESA] Announcements of Opportunity [AOs]; European responses to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration [NASA] Aos).

NOTE: The following abbreviations are used for European countries:

A

Austria

B

Belgium

CH

Switzerland

D

Germany

DK

Denmark

E

Spain

F

France

FI

Finland

GB

United Kingdom

GR

Greece

I

Italy

IRL

Ireland

L

Luxembourg

N

Norway

NL

Netherlands

P

Portugal

S

Sweden

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A." National Research Council. 1998. U.S.-European Collaboration in Space Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5981.
×

TABLE A.1 U.S.-European International Cooperative Spacecraft Experiments in Earth Science from Space

Launch Year

Mission Name

Cooperating Countries

Experiment or Space Science Objectives

1964

Ariel-II

GBa-US

Measuring atmospheric ozone

1965

OGO-2

Fb

Photometer to measure airglow

1966

OGO-3 (POGO)

Fb

See OGO-2

1967

Ariel-III

GBa-US

Measure vertical distribution of molecular oxygen in Earth atmosphere

1967

OGO-4

Fb

See OGO-2

1968

GEOS

Db

Determine size and shape of Earth and conduct gravitational field studies

1969

OGO-6

Fb

Measure altitude distribution and width of atomic oxygen line in airglow and aurora

1970

Nimbus-4

GBb

Selective chopper radiometric temperature probe

1971

EOLE

Fa-US

French satellite to study meteorological data in the Southern Hemisphere

1971

BIC

Da-US

Electric and magnetic cloud probe field studies

1972

NIMBUS-5

GBb

See NIMBUS-4

1975

NIMBUS-6

GBc-Fc

Upper atmospheric sounding; random-access measurement system

1975

Atmospheric Explorer

GBb

Airglow photometer

1978

TIROS-N

GBb-Fb

Atmospheric sounding radiometer; Advanced Research and Global Observations Satellite flew on eight satellites in the TIROS-N series

1978

NIMBUS-7

GBb-Fb

Radiometer for atmospheric and mesospheric sounding; ARGOSc

1983

STS-9/Spacelab-1

ESAd-Db-US

Microwave remote sensing experiment and metric camera for Earth observations (2)

1990

CRRES

Db

Study of Earth's magnetic fields

1991

STS-40/UARS

UKb-US

Upper atmospheric observations

1992

TOPEX-POSEIDON

F-US

Joint Centre National d'Études Spatiales-National Aeronautics and Space Administration mission to study relationship between Earth's oceans and climate

1992

LAGEOS-2

I-US

Improve geodetic reference datum (geoid) and Earth orientation, and measure crustal deformation, secular variation in Earth's gravity field, and wandering of Earth's polar axis and Earth rotation variations

1992

Eureca-1

ESA-US

Several Earth science experiments

1992

STS-45/ATLAS-1

Bb-Fb-Db-US

ATLAS 1-3: three missions to study the middle atmosphere and its variations

1993

STS-55/Spacelab D2

ESA-Db-US

Modular optoelectric multispectral scanner used to study atmospheric variations; also flown on two SPAS flights

1993

STS-56/ATLAS-2

Bb-Fb-Db-US

ATLAS 1-3: three missions to study the middle

1994

STS-66/ATLAS-3

Bb-Fb-Db-US

atmosphere and its variations

1994

STS-66/CRISTA-SPAS

D-US

Combined experiment with ATLAS-3 to study atmospheric variability

1994

STS-59/SRL-1

US-Db-Ib

X-SAR as part of SIR-C

1994

STS-68/SRL-2

US-Db-Ib

X-SAR as part of SIR-C

1997

STS-85/CRISTA-SPAS II

D-US

Experiments using CRISTA and MAHRSI instruments to study middle atmosphere and lower thermosphere

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A." National Research Council. 1998. U.S.-European Collaboration in Space Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5981.
×

NOTE: Where countries are listed without a superscript notation (e.g., D-US), the mission was fully cooperative with many joint experiments and mission elements.

a Launch on a U.S. vehicle.

b European experiment on a NASA mission.

c Subsequent satellites in the NLMBUS series.

d In 1975, ESRO became ESA.

ARGOS

French satellite data collection system (Advanced Research and Global Observations Satellite)

ATLAS

Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science

CRISTA

Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere

CRRES

Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite

GEOS

Geostationary satellite

LAGEOS

Laser Geodynamics Satellite

MAHRSI

Middle Atmosphere High-Resolution Spectrograph Investigation

NIMBUS

NASA environmental research satellite series

OGO

Orbiting Geophysical Observatory

POGO

Polar Orbiting Geophysical Observatory

SIR

Shuttle Imaging Radar

SPAS

Shuttle Pallet Satellite (Germany)

SRL

Space Radar Laboratory

STS

Space Transportation System (U.S.)

TIROS

Television Infrared Observing Satellite

TOPEX

(Ocean) Topography Experiment

UARS

Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite

X-SAR

X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A." National Research Council. 1998. U.S.-European Collaboration in Space Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5981.
×

TABLE A.2 U.S.-European International Cooperative Space Flight Experiments in Microgravity Research and Life Sciences

Launch Year

Mission Name

Cooperating Countries

Experiment or Space Science Objectives

1972

Apollo 16

Da, Fa

Effect of exposure to heavy nuclei cosmic radiation on biological specimens on Biostack facility

1972

Apollo 17

Fa, Da

Effect of exposure to heavy nuclei cosmic radiation on biological specimens on Biostack facility

1973

Skylab

Ba

Space Manufacturing Experiment

1975

ASP

Fa

Effect of exposure to heavy nuclei cosmic radiation on biological specimens on Biostack facility

1983

STS-7/OSTA-2

Da

Formation of metal alloys in space on SPAS-01; materials science experiments on MEA-MAUS; social behavior of an ant colony in microgravity on GAS

1983

STS-9/Spacelab-1

ESA-Da-US

Multiple microgravity research (39) and life sciences (16) experiments

1984

STS 41-B

Da

SPAS-01A (Not deployed due to an RMS malfunction)

1984

STS-41C/LDEF

Da-IRLa-ESAa- CHa-GBa

Multiple experiments to determine the effects of space environment on materials

1985

STS-51B/Spacelab 3

Fa-Da

Life science experiments in RAHF

1985

STS-51-G

Fa-Da

Biomedical experiments plus two French life sciences experiments; three German GASs

1985

STS-61A/Spacelab-D-1

D-USb-ESA

76 microgravity research and life science experiments, including MEA and vestibular sled

1991

STS-40/SLS-1

CHa

Study of lymphocyte proliferation in weightlessness

1992

STS-42/Spacelab IML-1

ESAa-Da

Numerous life and materials science experiments using Biorack, Biostack, Cryostat, GPPF, and CPF to study cellular behavior, plant and human physiology, crystal growth, radiation environment, and critical point physics (also 10 GASs)

1992

STS-50/USML-1

ESAa

Protein and combustion experiments

1992

STS-46/Eureca-1 (launch)

ESAc-US

Mainly materials science, solar, and Earth science experiments

1992

STS-52/USMP-1

Fa

Study of role of gravity-driven convection during solidification of materials on MEPHISTO facility

1993

STS-55/Spacelab D-2

D-USb-ESA

Multiple microgravity and life science experiments, including MAUS

1994

STS-62/USMP-2

Fa

Study of the role of gravity-driven convection during the solidification of materials on the MEPHISTO facility

1994

STS-65/IML-2

ESAa

Numerous international life and materials science experiments using Biorack, Biostack, CPF, BDPU, TEMPUS, FFEU, APCF, and CPCG facilities (among others) to study cellular behavior, radiation environment, human physiology, surface forces materials processing, critical point physics, and crystal growth

1995

STS-73/USML-2

ESA-Da

Protein crystal growth experiments on APCF

1996

STS-75/USMP-3

Fa

Study of role of gravity-driven convection during solidification of materials on MEPHISTO facility

1996

STS-76 (MIR 3)

ESA-US

Biology experiments on Biorack

1996

STS-77

Da

CFZF experiment

1996

STS-78/LMS

ESAa-Fa

18 international microgravity experiments using AGHF, APCF, BDPU, and MMA facilities to study protein crystallization, materials processing, fluid dynamics, and microgravity environment; 16 life science experiments in musculoskeletal, cardiopulmonary, metabolic, behavior and performance, neuroscience, and space biology disciplines

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A." National Research Council. 1998. U.S.-European Collaboration in Space Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5981.
×

1997

STS-83/MSL-1 STS-94 (MSL-1 reflight)

Da, ESAa

Experiments in materials processing, combustion, mixing, and diffusion using TEMPUS, Combustion Module-1, DCE, CSLM, and Large Isothermal Furnace facilities

1998

STS-90 (Neurolab)

F-ESA-D-Canada-Japan

26 experiments in life sciences that focus on the nervous system, including neurobiology, sensory motor and performance functions, sleep, the vestibular system, and the autonomic nervous system, among other activities

NOTE: Where countries are listed without a superscript notation (e.g., D-US), the mission was fully cooperative with many joint experiments and mission elements.

a European experiment on a U.S. mission.

b U.S. experiment on a European mission.

c U.S.-cooperative mission launched on a U.S. vehicle.

AGHF

Advanced Gradient Heating Facility

APCF

Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility

ASTP

Apollo-Soyuz Test Project

BDPU

Bubble, Drop, and Particle Unit

CFZF

Commercial Float Zone Furnace

CPCG

Commercial Protein Crystal Growth facility

CPF

Critical Point Facility

CSLM

Coarsening in Solid-Liquid Mixtures Facility

DCE

Droplet Combustion Experiment

EURECA

European Retrievable Carrier

FFEU

Free Flow Electrophoresis Unit

GAS

Get Away Special

GPPF

Gravitational Plant Physiology Facility

IML

International Microgravity Laboratory

LDEF

Long Duration Exposure Facility

LMS

Life and Microgravity Spacelab

MAUS

Materialwissenschaftliche Autonome Experimente unter Schwerelosigkeit

MEA

Materials Experiment Assembly

MEPHIS

Material pour l'Étude des Phenomenes Interessant de la Solidification sur Terre et en Orbit

MMA

Microgravity Measurement Assembly

MSL

Microgravity Science Laboratory

OSTA

Office of Space Technology and Applications (NASA)

RAHF

Research Animal Holding Facility

SLS

Spacelab Life Sciences

SPAS

Shuttle Pallet Satellite (Germany)

STS

Space Transportation System (U.S.)

TEMPUS

Electromagnetic Containerless Processing Facility

TVD

Torque Velocity Dynamometer

USML

U.S. Microgravity Laboratory

USMP

U.S. Microgravity Payload

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A." National Research Council. 1998. U.S.-European Collaboration in Space Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5981.
×

TABLE A.3 U.S.-European International Cooperative Ventures in Space Sciences

Launch Year

Mission Name

Cooperating Countries

Space Science Objectives or Remarks

1962

Ariel-I

GBa-US

Measure energy spectrum of cosmic rays and solar x-rays

1964

Ariel-II

GBa-US

Measure galactic radio noise and micrometeoroid flux

1964

Explorer 20

GBb

Measure ion mass composition and temperature

1964

San Marco-I

Ia-US

Atmospheric physics; launched from Wallops by Italian launch crew

1965

Explorer 31 DME-A

GBb

Measure ion mass composition and temperature, and electron temperature

1965

FR-1

Fa-US

Study very low frequency wavefields in magnetosphere and irregularities in ionosphere

1965

OSO-2

GBb-Fb

Conduct multiple solar research experiments

1967

San Marco-II

Ia-US

Ionospheric propagation studies; first launch from San Marco platform

1967

Ariel-III

GBa-US

Multiple atmospheric physics measurements

1967

OSO-4

GBb

Measure distribution of total solar x-ray emissions

1967

Pioneer-8

Ib

Flux gate magnetometer

1968

OGO-5

GBb-Fb-NLb

Determine direction of incidence of primary cosmic rays and density or temperature of hydrogen in geocorona; measure energy spectrum of cosmic ray electrons

1968

ESRO-2 (IRIS)

ESROa-US

Study solar x-rays and cosmic radiation in Van Allen belt

1968

ESRO-1A (Aurorae)

ESROa-US

Measure particles impinging on polar ionosphere

1968

HEOS-1

ESROa

Study interplanetary magnetic fields and cosmic ray particles

1969

OSO-5

Fb-GBb

Measure solar x-ray flux and self-reversal of Lyman-Alpha line

1969

Apollo 11

CHb

Measure composition of solar wind

1969

OSO-6

Ib-GBb

Study solar helium I and helium II resonance radiation

1969

ESRO-1B (Boreas)

ESROa

Study ionospheric and auroral phenomena (polar orbiter)

1969

GRS-A (Azur-1)

Dc-US

Study of inner Van Allen belt and auroral zones

1969

Apollo 12

CHb

Measure composition of solar wind

1970

Explorer 42

I

First x-ray satellite, Scout launched from San Marco platform

1971

Apollo 14

Chb

Measure composition of solar wind

1971

San Marco-III

Ic-US

Study local density of equatorial upper atmosphere, San Marco launch

1971

Apollo 15

CHb

Measure composition of solar wind

1971

Explorer 45

Ib

Study of inner magnetosphere; San Marco launch

1971

Ariel-IV

GBa-US

Measure VLF radiation and cosmic radio noise

1972

HEOS-2

ESROa

Investigate particles and micrometeorites in space

1972

Pioneer 10

Db-US

Investigation of Jupiter and interplanetary medium

1972

TD-1

ESROa

Study high-energy emissions from stellar and galactic sources

1972

Apollo-16

CHb

Measure composition of solar wind

1972

Explorer 46

Db

Cosmic dust detectors on Meteoroid Technology Satellite

1972

OAO-3

GBb

Study stellar ultraviolet (UV) and x-ray emissions

1972

Explorer 48

I-US

Small astronomy satellite to study gamma rays; San Marco Launch

1972

ESRO-4

ESROa

Investigate ionosphere, magnetosphere; auroral and solar particles

1972

Aeros

Da-US

Measure solar extreme UV and correlate with upper atmosphere components

1973

Skylab

Fb-CHb

Sky survey, distribution of galaxies and ionized hydrogen; solar wind analysis

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A." National Research Council. 1998. U.S.-European Collaboration in Space Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5981.
×

1973

Pioneer 11

Da-US

Investigation of Jupiter, Saturn, and interplanetary medium

1974

San Marco-C-2

Ia-US

Measure equatorial neutral atmospheric density, composition, and temperature

1974

Aeros B-2

Da

Study state and behavior of upper atmosphere and ionosphere

1974

ANS

NLa-USb

UV photometry and measuring soft and intermediate-energy x-ray emissions

1974

UK-5/Ariel-5

GBa-US-I

Conduct x-ray sky survey; launched from San Marco

1974

INTASAT

Ea-US

Conduct ionospheric total electron counts

1974

Helios-A

Da-US-I-A

Study the Sun from heliocentric orbit

1975

Explorer 53 (SAS-3)

I

Study x-ray sources within and beyond Milky Way galaxy, San Marco launch

1975

OSO-8

Fb-GBb

Spectrographic study of solar chromosphere; x-ray heliometer

1975

COS-B

ESAa

Cosmic ray satellite to study extraterrestrial gamma radiation

1976

Helios-B

Da-US-I-A

Measure micrometeoroid flux; study solar x-rays and planetary orbits

1977

Voyager 2

Fb-Db-US

Investigation of Jupiter and Saturn planetary systems and interplanetary medium

1977

SIRIO

Ia

Investigate trapped radiation flux, magnetic field intensity, and electron energy

1977

Voyager 1

Fb-Db-US

See Voyager 2

1977

ISEE-1/2 (Dual Payload)

ESAa-US-F

Coordinated spacecraft studies of magnetosphere, interplanetary space, and their interaction; three coordinated spacecraft missions (see ISEE-3)

1978

IUE-A

ESA-US-GB

UV spectroscopy of stellar objects, gas clouds, planets, and comets

1978

Pioneer-Venus 1 Orbiter

GBb-Db-ESAb-US

Atmospheric, ionospheric, solar wind interaction; studies of Venus

1978

GEOS-B

ESAa

Studies of magnetosphere

1978

Pioneer-Venus-2

Fb-US

Atmospheric and cloud studies at Venus

1978

ISEE-3

Db-Fb-NLb-CHb- GBb-ESAb

Solar wind composition and mapping, comet flyby

1979

UK-6

GBa

Study of ultra heavy and low-energy cosmic rays

1979

HEAO-3

DKb, Fb

Study isotopic composition and atomic number of cosmic nuclei

1980

SMM

NLb-GBb-Db

Solar hard x-ray imaging spectrometry

1983

IRAS

NLa-USb-GB

Conduct infrared all-sky survey

1983

EXOSAT

ESAa

Continuous observations of x-ray sources; U.S. experiment on board

1983

Spacelab 1

ESA-US

Astronomy and physics (6); space plasma physics (5)

1984

LDEF

Db-DKb-IRLb ESAb-CHb-GBb

Broad-scale investigations of space environment

1984

AMPTE

Db-GBb-US

Identify particle entry windows and energizing or transport processes in magnetosphere (artificial comets)

1985-1986

International Halley Watch (Giotto)

ESA-USSR-Japan-US

Spacecraft and mission design coordinated for ESA's Giotto, USSR's Venera-Halley (2), and Japan's Planet-A; U.S. coordinated ground-based and near-Earth observations and Deep Space Network

1985

Spacelab 3

Fb

Very Wide Field Camera (astrophysics)

1985

Spacelab 2

ESAb-GBb

Flew ESA-developed IPS; hard x-ray imaging (GB) and coronal helium abundance experiments (GB)

1988

San Marco-IV

Ia-US-D

Effects of solar activity on meteorological processes

1989

Magellan

Fb

Study of Venus's gravity and atmospheric tides

1989

Hipparcos

ESA-USb

Strong international cooperation on spacecraft emergency operations post launch

1989

Galileo

D-US

Multidisciplinary studies of Jupiter system, its moons, atmosphere, and magnetosphere

1990

HST

ESA-US

High-resolution coverage of optical and UV wavelengths

1990

ROSAT

Da-USb-GB

X-ray sky survey and sources study

1990

Ulysses

ESAa-USb

Observations of solar and interplanetary medium out of plane of ecliptic

1991

GRO

ESAb-Db-NLb

Wide-range gamma-ray detection; imaging Compton telescope

1992

STS-45

Fb

FAUST reflight

1992

Eureca-1

ESA-USb

X-ray science instrument

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A." National Research Council. 1998. U.S.-European Collaboration in Space Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5981.
×

Launch Year

Mission Name

Cooperating Countries

Space Science Objectives or Remarks

1992

Mars Observer

Fb-US

Mars geoscience and climatology

1993

ORFEUS-SPAS-1

D-US

Explore universe in far and extreme UV

1994

Wind

ESAb-US-F(3)b

Measure three-dimensional plasma and energetic particle distributions

1995

SOHO

USb

Investigate processes that lead to formation and heating of solar corona

1996

FAST

Db

Study energy transfer processes in magnetosphere

1996

ORFEUS-SPAS-2

D-US

Second flight of this German-U.S. cooperative, Shuttle-launched subsatellite

1996

TSS-IR (reflight)

Ia-USb

Experiments on electricity in space

1997

Cassini-Huygens

US-ESA-I

Spacecraft orbiter and probe mission to Saturn and its moon, Titan

1997

Equator-S

Dc

Measure magnetic and electrical fields and density, velocity, temperature, and composition of the charged particles surrounding the spacecraft

NOTE: Where countries are listed without a superscript notation (e.g., D-US), the mission was fully cooperative with many joint experiments and mission elements.

a Reimbursable launch on a U.S. vehicle; U.S.-cooperative mission launched on a U.S. vehicle.

b European experiment on a U.S. mission.

c U.S. experiment on a European mission; ESRO became ESA in 1975.

AMPTE

Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorer

ANS

Astronomical Netherlands Satellite

COS

Cosmic Ray Satellite (Germany)

DME

Direct Measurement Explorer

ESRO

European Space Research Organization

FAST

Fast Auroral Snapshot Explorer

FAUST

Far Ultraviolet Space Telescope

GEOS

Geostationary satellite

GRO

Gamma-Ray Observatory

GRS

German Research Satellite

HEAO

High-Energy Astronomical Observatory

HEOS

Highly Eccentric Orbit Satellite

HST

Hubble Space Telescope

INTASAT

Infrared Astronomical Satellite

IRAS

Infrared Astronomical Satellite

ISEE

International Sun-Earth Explorer

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A." National Research Council. 1998. U.S.-European Collaboration in Space Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5981.
×

IUE

International Ultraviolet Explorer

OAO

Orbiting Astronomical Observatory

OGO

Orbiting Geophysical Observatory

ORFEUS

Orbiting and Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer

OSO

Orbiting Solar Observatory

ROSAT

Roentgen Satellite

SIRIO

Italian Satellite for Industrially Oriented Research

SMM

Solar Maximum Mission

SOHO

Solar and Heliospheric Observatory

STS

Space Transportation System (U.S.)

TD

Thor Delta

TSS

Tethered Satellite System

VFL

Very low frequency

 

SOURCE: Update of Table 9-1, U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, in International Cooperation and Competition in Civilian Space Activities, OTA-ISC-239, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., July 1985, p. 379.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A." National Research Council. 1998. U.S.-European Collaboration in Space Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5981.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A." National Research Council. 1998. U.S.-European Collaboration in Space Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5981.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A." National Research Council. 1998. U.S.-European Collaboration in Space Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5981.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A." National Research Council. 1998. U.S.-European Collaboration in Space Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5981.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A." National Research Council. 1998. U.S.-European Collaboration in Space Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5981.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A." National Research Council. 1998. U.S.-European Collaboration in Space Science. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/5981.
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U.S.-European Collaboration in Space Science reviews the past 30 years of space-based research across the Atlantic. The book, which was prepared jointly with the European Space Science Committee (under the aegis of the European Science Foundation) begins with a broad survey of the historical and political context of U.S.-European cooperation and collaboration in space.

The focus of the book is a set of 13 U.S.-European missions in astrophysics, space physics, planetary sciences, earth sciences, and life and microgravity research that illustrate "lessons learned" on the evolution of the cooperation, mission planning and scheduling, international agreements, cost-sharing, management, and scientific output.

These lessons form the basis of the joint committee's findings and recommendations, which serve to improve the future conduct and enhance the scientific output of U.S.-European cooperation and collaboration in space science.

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