H
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ACS
Advanced Camera for Surveys (on HST)
AGHF
Advanced Gradient Heating Facility
AMPTE
Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorer
ANS
Astronomical Netherlands Satellite
AO
Announcement of Opportunity
APCF
Advanced Protein Crystallization Facility
APL
Applied Physics Laboratory (Johns Hopkins University)
APT
Automatic Picture Transmission
ARGOS
Advanced Research and Global Observations Satellite (France)
ASA
Austrian Space Agency
ASI
Agenzìa Spaziale Italiana [Italian Space Agency]
ASTP
Apollo-Soyuz Test Project
ATLAS
Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science
AVHRR
Advanced Very High-Resolution Radiometer
AVISO
Archiving, Validation and Interpretation of Satellite Oceanographic [Data Center]
AWG
Astronomy Working Group (ESA)
Astrophysics Working Group (ESRO)
AXAF
Advanced X-Ray Astronomy Facility
BDPU
Bubble, Drop, and Particle Unit
BMFT
Bundesministerium für Forschung und Technologie (Germany)
BNSC
British National Space Centre
BOREAS
Boreal Ecosystem-Atmosphere Study (of Central Canada)
CAC
Cost at completion
CCE
Charge Composition Explorer (on AMPTE)
CDTI
Centro para el Desarrollo Tecnológico Industrial [Center for Industrial
Technology Development] (Spain)
CEOS
Committee on Earth Observation Satellites
CERES
Clouds and Earth's Radiant Energy System
CERN
Centre d'Études et de Recherches Nucléaires (European Laboratory for Particle Physics)
CFZF
Commercial Float Zone Furnace
CGMS
Coordination Group for Meteorological Satellites
CISP
Committee on International Space Programs (U.S.)
CLAES
Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer
CNES
Centre National d'Études Spatiales (French Space Agency)
COMPLEX
Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration
COS
Cosmic Ray Satellite (Germany)
COS-B
Cosmic Ray Satellite B
COSPAR
Committee on Space Research
COSTAR
Corrective Optics Space Telescope Axial Replacement (HST)
CPCG
Commercial Protein Crystal Growth Facility
CPF
Critical Point Facility
CRAF
Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby
CRISTA
Cryogenic Infrared Spectrometers and Telescopes for the Atmosphere
CRRES
Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite
CSA
Canadian Space Agency
CSLM
Coarsening in Solid-Liquid Mixtures Facility
D/APP, D/SCI
Directorate of Application Programmes, Directorate of Scientific Programmes
DARA
Deutsche Agentur für Raumfahrt Angelegenheiten (German Space Agency)
DCE
Droplet Combustion Experiment
DISCO
Dual Spectral Irradiance and Solar Constant Orbiter
DLR-PT
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt-Projektträger [German Center for Air and Spaceflight Projects]
DME
Direct Measurement Explorer
DOD
Department of Defense (U.S.)
DORIS
Détermination d'Orbite et Radiopositionnement Intégré par Satellite
[Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite]
DSN
Deep Space Network
DSRI
Danish Space Research Institute
ECF
European Coordinating Facility
EGS
EOS Ground System
ELDO
European Launcher Development Organization
ELV
Expendable Launch Vehicle
ENVISAT
Environmental Satellite
EOAC
Earth Observation Advisory Committee
EO-ICWG
Earth Observation-International Coordination Working Group
EOIM
Evaluation of Oxygen Interaction with Materials
EOPP
Earth Observation Preparatory Programme
EOS
Earth Observing System
EOSDIS
Earth Observing System Data and Information System
EOSAT
Earth Observing Satellite Company
EPS
European Physical Society
EROS
Earth Resource Observation Satellite
ERS
European Remote Sensing (satellite)
ERTS
Earth Resources Technology Satellite (now Landsat)
ESA
European Space Agency
ESAC
Earth Science Advisory Committee (ESA)
ESE
Earth Science Enterprise
ESF
European Science Foundation
ESO
European Southern Observatory
ESOC
European Space Operations Center
ESPOIR
European Symposium on Opportunities and Instrumentation for Remote Sensing
ESRO
European Space Research Organization
ESSAAC
Earth System Science and Applications Advisory Committee
ESSC
European Space Science Committee
ESSP
Earth System Science Pathfinder
ESTEC
European Space Research and Technology Centre
EU
European Union
EUMETSAT
European Organisation for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites
EURECA
European Retrievable Carrier
EUTELSAT
European Telecommunications Satellite Organization
EUV
Extreme ultraviolet
EXOSAT
European Space Agency's X-Ray Observatory Satellite (formerly HELOS)
FAST
Fast Auroral Snapshot Explorer
FAUST
Far Ultraviolet Space Telescope
FFEU
Free Flow Electrophoresis Unit
FGS
Fine Guidance Sensors (on HST)
FIFE
First International Land Surface Climatology Project (ISLSCP) Field Experiment
FOC
Faint Object Camera (on HST)
FORBAIRT
Technical and economic development entity (Ireland)
FOS
Faint Object Spectrometer (on HST)
FUSE
Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer
GAO
General Accounting Office (U.S.)
GARP
Global Atmospheric Research Program
GAS
Get Away Special
GEOS
Geostationary satellite
GHRS
Goddard High-Resolution Spectrometer (on HST)
GMM
Generic Mars mission
GNP
Gross national product
GO
Guest observer
GOES
Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite
GPPF
Gravitational Plant Physiology Facility
GPS
Global Positioning System
GRACE
Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment
GRASP
Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy and Positioning (telescope)
GRGS
Group de Recherche de Géodésie Spatiale [Research Group for Space Geodesy]
GRIST
Grazing Incidence Solar Telescope
GRO
Gamma-Ray Observatory
GRS
German Research Satellite
GSFC
Goddard Space Flight Center
GSOC
Guide Star Occultation Prediction Utility
HAPEX
Hydrological and Atmospheric Pilot Experiment in the Sahel
HCMM
Heat Capacity Mapping Mission
HEAO
High-Energy Astronomical Observatory
HEDS
Human Exploration and Development of Space Enterprise
HEOS
Highly Eccentric Orbit Satellite
HRI
High-Resolution Imager (on ROSAT)
HST
Hubble Space Telescope
HUD
Department of Housing and Urban Development (U.S.)
HZE
High-Charge Z and High-Energy Particles
IACG
Inter-Agency Consultative Group (for Space Science)
IAS
Infrared Astronomical Satellite
IAU
International Astronomical Union
IBIS
Imager on Board the INTEGRAL Satellite
ICE
International Cometary Explorer
ICSU
International Council of Scientific Unions
IGBP
International Geosphere-Biosphere Program
ILSCP
International Land Surface Climatology Project
IML
International Microgravity Laboratory
IMP
Interplanetary Monitoring Platform
IMRC
International Mission Review Committee
IMS
International Magnetospheric Study
IMSCIE
International Magnetospheric Study Central Information Exchange
IMWG
International Mission Working Group
INTASAT
Instituto Nacional de Tecnica Aerospacial Satellite
INTEGRAL
International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory
IPS
Instrument Pointing System
IRAS
Infrared Astronomical Satellite
IRM
Ion Release Module (on AMPTE)
ISAS
Institute for Space and Astronautical Science (Japan)
ISEE
International Sun-Earth Explorer
ISLSCP
International Satellite Land Surface Climatology Project
ISO
Infrared Space Observatory
ISPM
International Solar Polar Mission (later renamed Ulysses)
ISS
International Space Station
ISTP
International Solar-Terrestrial Physics program
IUC
International Users Committee (for ROSAT)
IUE
International Ultraviolet Explorer
IUS
Interim Upper Stage
JEM-X
Joint European X-Ray Monitor (on INTEGRAL)
JERS
Japanese Earth Resources Satellite
JPL
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
JSWT
Joint Science Working Team
JWG
Joint Working Group
LAGEOS
Laser Geodynamics Satellite
LANS
Astronomical Netherlands Satellite
LDEF
Long Duration Exposure Facility
LEGOS
Laboratoire en Géophysique et Océanographie Spatiale
LMS
Life and Microgravity Spacelab
LMScAAC
Life and Microgravity Sciences and Applications Advisory Committee
LST
Large Space Telescope
MAHRSI
Middle Atmosphere High-Resolution Spectrograph Investigation
MAROTS
Maritime Communications Satellite Program
MAU
Million accounting units
MAUS
Materialwissenschaftliche Autonome Experimente unter Schwerelosigkeit
MEA
Materials Experiment Assembly
MEPHISTO
Matériel pour l'Étude des Phenomenes Interessant de la Solidification sur Terre et en Orbit
MESUR
Mars Environmental Survey
METEOSAT
European Geostationary Meteorological Satellite
METOP
Meteorological Operational Satellite
MFC
Microgravity Facility for Columbus
MGCO
Mars Geoscience and Climatology Orbiter
MIMR
Multifrequency Imaging Microwave Radiometer
MLS
Microwave Limb Sounder
MMA
Microgravity Measurement Assembly
MO&DA
Mission operations and data analysis (U.S.)
MOU
Memorandum of Understanding
MPE
Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik
MRLS
Microgravity research and life sciences
MSG
METEOSAT Second Generation
MSL
Microgravity Science Laboratory
MSS
Multispectral Scanner (on Landsat)
MTPE
Mission to Planet Earth (former name of Earth Science Enterprise)
NAE
Nuclear Astrophysics Explorer
NAS
National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)
NASA
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (U.S.)
NASDA
National Space Development Agency (Japan)
NGST
Next Generation Space Telescope
NICMOS
Near-Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer (on HST)
NIMBUS
NASA environmental research satellite series
NOAA
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (U.S.)
NPOESS
National Polar orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System
NRC
National Research Council (U.S.)
NSC
Norwegian Space Centre
OAO
Orbiting Astronomical Observatory
OES
Office of Earth Science (formerly Office of Mission to Planet Earth)
OGO
Orbiting Geophysical Observatory
OMB
Office of Management and Budget (U.S.)
OMC
Optical Monitoring Camera (on INTEGRAL)
OOE
Out of ecliptic (mission)
OPEN
Origins of Plasmas in the Earth's Neighborhood
OPST
Outer Planets Study Team
ORFEUS
Orbiting and Retrievable Far and Extreme Ultraviolet Spectrometer
OSO
Orbiting Solar Observatory
OSSA
Office of Space Science and Applications (U.S.-NASA)
OSTA
Office of Space Technology and Applications (NASA)
OSTP
Office of Science and Technology Policy (U.S.)
PI
Principal investigator
PODAAC
Physical Oceanography Distributed Active Archive Center
POEM
Polar Orbit Earth Observation Mission
POGO
Polar Orbiting Geophysical Observatory
POPE
Polar Orbiting Platform Element
PPARC
Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (U.K.)
PRARE
Precise Range and Range-rate Equipment
PRODEX
Programme de Développement d'Expériences Scientifiques [Science Experiment Development Programme] (ESA)
PSG
Project Science Group
PSPC
Position-Sensitive Proportional Counter (on ROSAT)
RAHF
Research Animal Holding Facility
ROSAT
Roentgen Satellite
RSDC
ROSAT Science Data Center
RTG
Radioisotope thermoelectric generator
SADM
Solar Array Drive Mechanism
SAF
Space Agency Forum
SAO
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
SAR
Synthetic Aperture Radar
SARSAT
Search and Rescue Satellite
SDI
Strategic Defense Initiative
SERC
Science and Engineering Research Council (U.K.)
SIR
Shuttle Imaging Radar
SIRIO
Italian Satellite for Industrially Oriented Research
SIRTF
Space Infrared Telescope Facility
SLS
Spacelab Life Sciences
SME
Solar Mesospheric Explorer
SMM
Solar Maximum Mission
SNSB
Swedish National Space Board
SOHO
Solar and Heliospheric Observatory
SPAS
Shuttle Pallet Satellite (Germany)
SPC
Science Programme Committee (ESA)
SPOT
Système Pour l'Observation de la Terre
SRL
Space Radar Laboratory
SRON
Stichting Ruimteonderzoek Nederland [Space Research Organization Netherlands]
SSAC
Space Science Advisory Committee (ESA)
SSB
Space Studies Board (U.S.)
SSC
Swedish Space Corporation
SScAC
Space Science Advisory Committee (NASA)
SSE
Space Science Enterprise
SSEC
Solar System Exploration Committee of the NASA Advisory Council
SSO
Swiss Space Office
SST
Supersonic transport
SSTC
Services Federaux des Affairs Scientifiques, Techniques et Culturelles [Federal Service for Scientific, Technical, and Cultural Affairs] (Belgium)
SSWG
Solar System Working Group (ESA)
STEP
Satellite to Test the Equivalence Principle
STIC
Space Telescope Institute Council
STIS
Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph
STJ
Superconducting Tunnel Junction
STS
Space Transportation System (U.S. Space Shuttle)
STScI
Space Telescope Science Institute
STSP
Solar-Terrestrial Science Program
SURGE
Seasat Users Research Group of Europe
SWT
Science working team
TD
Thor Delta
TEKES
Technology Development Centre (Finland)
TEMPUS
Electromagnetic Containerless Processing Facility
TIROS
Television Infrared Observing Satellite
TM
Thematic Mapper
TOGA
Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Program
TOPEX
(Ocean) Topography Experiment
TPSG
Terrestrial Planets Study Group
TVD
Torque Velocity Dynamometer
UARS
Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite
UK
United Kingdom
UKDC
United Kingdom Data Centre (ROSAT)
UKGOC
United Kingdom Guest Observer Centre
UKS
United Kingdom Subsatellite (on AMPTE)
US-CREST
United States Center for Research and Education on Strategy and Technology
USML
U.S. Microgravity Laboratory
USMP
U.S. Microgravity Payload
UV
Ultraviolet
VA
Department of Veterans Affairs (U.S.)
VEGA
Venera (Venus)-Halley (former U.S.S.R.)
WCRP
World Climate Research Programme
WFC
Wide Field Camera
WFPC
Wide Field and Planetary Camera (on HST)
WOCE
World Ocean Circulation Experiment
WWW
World Weather Watch
XMM
X-Ray Multi-Mirror Mission
XRT
X-Ray Telescope (on ROSAT)
X-SAR
X-band Synthetic Aperture Radar
XUV
Extreme ultraviolet
