National Academies Press: OpenBook

Productive Roles in an Older Society (1986)

Chapter: Index

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Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1986. Productive Roles in an Older Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/602.
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Page 149
Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1986. Productive Roles in an Older Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/602.
×
Page 150
Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1986. Productive Roles in an Older Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/602.
×
Page 151
Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1986. Productive Roles in an Older Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/602.
×
Page 152
Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1986. Productive Roles in an Older Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/602.
×
Page 153
Suggested Citation:"Index." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1986. Productive Roles in an Older Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/602.
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Page 154

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Index A ACTION, 61, 72 Age and bias toward older 70-71 and disabilities or illness, 100-102 and educational attainment, 130-132 and geographic distribution patterns, 120-121, 122-123 and hours spent in housework, 94-96 and household trends, 133 and marital status, 132-137 and paid work hours 94-96, 126 , , 127 and participation in labor force, 121-129 and population projections, 116-117 and problems in comparing age groups, 101, 103 and productive work at home, 81 and type of volunteer activities, 27-28 and volunteer time, 76-78 Altruism in volunteerism, 28-29 unequal benefits, 104 Anderson, J. M., 126 Appreciation, and morale of volunteers, 63-64 Ascher, W., 110,113 B Bacellar, Helena, 110-147 Barfield, Richard, 77 Barriers to productive activity, 103-104 to voluntarism, 17-19, 56-60 removal or reduction of, 60-71 Beneficiaries of volunteerism, needs of, 45-46 Bias against older persons, 70-71 Birth rate, projections for, 119 Boulding, Kenneth, 28-29 C Car repairs, as do-it-yourself activities, 79-85 149

150 Census Bureau projections, for population structure of U.S., 113-120, 144-145 Characteristics of older persons, 10-15 Characteristics of volunteers, 54 Child care, time spent in, 90 Clerical staff, relationships to volunteers, 67 Community settings, support networks in, 19-20, 105 Compensation or rewards for volunteering, 8-9, 16-17,24, 29,40 Consumption hypothesis of volunteering, 30, 31, 36-37 Costs involved in volunteer activities, 57-58, 69 Crowding-out issue, in government expenditures, 36-38 D Demography characteristics of older persons, 10-15 characteristics of volunteers, 54 future unpaid productive roles, 110-147 numbers of older persons, 5, 53 numbers of volunteers, 18,26 population structure in U.S., 113-120 Dependency ratios, 114 economic implications of, 2-4 Deputization of volunteers, 65-66 Diaries, for accounting of time, 74, 75 Disabilities, and capacity for work, 100-102 Disincentives to productive activity, 103-104 to voluntarism, 16, 17-19,56-60 and removal or reduction of barriers, 60-71 Do-it-yourself activities, 79-85 INDEX EEconomic status of older persons, 11-12. See also Income Economics of volunteerism, 7-8, 21,23-50 measurements in, 74-75 Educational levels of older persons, 12 projected trends in, 129, 131-132 and volunteer time, 76-77 Emergency help, 44, 78-79 Employers, as aid to recruitment of older volunteers, 62 Employment. See Labor force Encouragement and support, for volunteers, 69 Expenditures by government, affecting volunteering, 36-38 for health care, 141 Expenses involved in volunteer activities, 57-58,69 Experience, as compensation for volunteering, 29-32 FFamily patterns changes during lifetime, 88-90 and housework hours, 85-88 and mutual aid for family members, 137-139 and obligations affecting volunteering, 32-35 of older persons, 12-13 projections for, 132-137 Female demographics. See Women Fertility rate, projections for, 119 Financial status of older persons, 11-12. See also Income Financial value of unpaid work measurements of, 74-75 recognition of, 64 Food growing or preservation, participation in, 79, 80, 82, 83

INDEX Formal volunteer organizations performance evaluation of, 45 professional bias against volunteers in, 59 relationship of clerical help to volunteers in, 67 Future unpaid productive roles, 110-147 G Gallup survey (1981),39,40,51, 53,54 Geographic distribution of U.S. population, 120-121, 122-123 Government expenditures affecting volunteering, 36-38 H Hamilton survey, 54-55 Hammel, E. A., 137 Harris survey on aging (1981),51, 53,54,55,60 Health care or services alternative systems for, 107 expenditures for, 141 increased need for, 4-5 unpaid personnel for, 5 Health status and capacity for work, 101, 102 and mortality rates, 119 of older persons, 14-15 projections for, 139-143 Heart disease, survival rates with, 143 Hendricks, G., 126 Home repair or improvements, as do-it-yourself activities, 79-85 Hospital care expenditures for, 141 projections for, 140 151 Household characteristics. See Family patterns Housework, time spent in, 79, 85-88,90-92 and paid work hours, 93-97 Hypertension, survival rates with, 143 I ICF Incorporated, 126, 145 Illnesses and capacity for work, 101, 102 and health status of older persons, 14-15 and projections of health statistics, 140 Impediments and barriers to productive activity, 103-104 for older volunteers, 17-19, 56-60 removal or reduction of, 60-71 Incentives for productive activity, 103-104 for voluntarism, 8-9, 16-17, 24-25,28-38,40-45 policy implications of, 36-38 Income and financial status of older persons, 11-12 expectations for, 128, 129 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, 78, 80, 88 and volunteerism, 31-32, 57-58, 69 during retirement, 34-35 Informal donations of time, money, and goods, 39-40, 44, 76. See also Mutual help Insurance fund for multilateral arrangements, 105 liability, for voluntary organizations, 65, 70 Investment hypothesis of volunteering, 30-31, 36

152 J Job descriptions for volunteer activities, 66-67 K Keyfitz, N., 146 Kieffer, Jarold A., 17-18, 19, 51-72 Kinship relations. See Family patterns L Labor force disabilities affecting work in, 100, 101, 102 forecasts of participation rates in, 121-129 older persons in, 11 and paid work hours by age and sex, 126, 127 compared to housework hours, 93-97 ratio to retired population, 2 underemployment in, 97-99 women in, 121, 124-127 and volunteer activities, 43-44 Labor unions, attitudes toward volunteers, 57, 68 Legal aspects and deputization of volunteers, 65 and restrictions on use of volunteers, 67-68 Liability of organizations and deputization of volunteers, 65-66 and insurance coverage, 70 Long, J. F., 145 M Macroeconomic- demographic model for projection studies 124-125, 145 INDEX Male studies. See Men Manton, Kenneth G., 110-147 Marital status, projected changes in, 132-137 McNaught, W., 126 Men disabilities or illnesses in, 100, 101, 102 educational attainment of, 129-132 kinship relations of, 137-139 marital status projections for, 132-137 in nonfamily households, 133 paid work, hours of, 126, 127 compared to housework hours, 94-96 participation in labor force, 121, 124-126 population projections for, 116-117 volunteerism of factors affecting, 34-35 time spent in, 27 type of activities in, 27 Menchik, Paul L., 30, 36-37 Microsimulation model for projection studies, 126, 145 Money donations, 76 for emergency help, 78-79 Morale of volunteers, recognition and appreciation affecting, 63-64 Morgan, James N., 8, 11-12, 13, 14, 16-17, 19-20,73-109 Morgan, Leslie, 78 Mortality rate, projections for, 119 and health statistics, 140 Motivations. See Incentives Mutual help, 104-105 in community settings, 19-20 and informal donations of time, money, and goods, 39-40,44, 76 and kinship relations, 137-139 Myers, George C., 10, 11, 12, 13, 14-15, 16, 110-147

INDEX N National Institute on Aging, 110 National Longitudinal Surveys, 39,41,49 Nonfamily households, characteristics of, 132-133 Number of older persons, increase in, 5, 53 Number of volunteers, 18, 26 Nursing home care expenditures for, 141 projections for, 140 o Organizations, volunteer performance evaluation of, 45 professional bias against volunteers in, 59 relationships of clerical help to volunteers in, 67 p Paid work hours by age and sex, 126, 127 compared to housework hours, 93-97 Panel Study of Income Dynamics, 78,80,88 Personal recruitment methods, S need for, 61 Physician services, projections for, Self-help 140 Population structure in U.S., projections for, 113-120 Pritchard, David C., 105 Private employers, as aid to recruitment of older volunteers, 62 Productivity, definitions of, 2-4 Professional staff 153 bias against volunteers, 59 and reactions of clerical help, 67 Pullum, T. W., 137 R Reagan administration, 56 Reasons for volunteering. See Incentives Recognition, and morale of volunteers, 63-64 Recruitment of older volunteers, 60-63 Report of the National Research on Aging Planning Panel (1982), 110-111 Resource allocations, by voluntary sector, 46, 47 Restrictions on use of volunteers, legal aspects of, 67-68 Retired population, ratio to working population, 2 Retirement income in, and volunteer activities, 34-35 and policies affecting labor force participation, 126, 129 Rewards of voluntarism, 8-9, 17, 24,29,40 Romero, Carol J., 9-10, 16, 23-50 Rosow, I., 111 in community settings, 19-20 and do-it-yourself activities, 79-85 Sex differences in studies. See Men; Women Social services increased need for, 4-5 unpaid personnel for, 5 Storey, J. R., 126

154 Stoto, M. A., 146 Support and encouragement for volunteers, 69 Survey of Giving (1973),39,40 T Taxes and age-based benefits, 11 and charitable contributions, 78 and expense deductions for volunteer work, 56-57 Time-diaries, use of, 74, 75 Time spent 12 in housework, 79, 85-88, 90-92 compared to paid work hours, 93-97 n volunteering, 24, 26-27, 40, 42-43,76-78 for emergency help, 78-79 income related to, 31-32, 57-58,69 Training and experience, as compensation for volunteering, 29-32 Transportation needs, in volunteer activities, 58 Turnover among volunteers, effects of, 42 Types of volunteer activities, 23-24,27-28,39,51, 110-111 U Underemployment, and desire for more work, 97-99 Unions, attitudes toward volunteers, 57, 68 Urban Institute, projection studies by, 126, 145 Uses of donated time and goods, 40 INDEX V Value of unpaid work and economics of volunteerism, 7-8,21,23-50 measurements of, 74-75 recognition of, 64 Volunteer work, definition of, 52 W Wages. See Income Weisbrod, Burton A., 30, 36-37 Wertheimer, R. F., 126 White House Conference on Aging (1981),56 Wolf, D. A., 137 Women disabilities or illnesses in, 100, 101-102 educational attainment of 129-132 marital status projections for, 132-137 in nonfamily households, 132-133 paid work hours of, 126, 127 compared to housework hours, 93-97 participation in labor force, 121, 124-126 and volunteerism, 43-44 population projections for, 116-117 volunteerism of factors affecting, 34-36, 55 time spent in, 26 type of activities in, 27 Work force. See Labor force Worthy, Edmund, 54 z Zedlewski, S. R., 126

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This second volume in the Institute of Medicine's series on America's Aging explores the various productive roles that the growing number of elderly individuals can play in society through volunteer work. Some of the issues addressed include the main incentives and impediments to elderly volunteerism, the various forms of unpaid productive work and how they affect the health and well-being of the volunteer, and the recruitment of elderly volunteers that is done by various organizations. For policymakers, economists, sociologists, gerontologists, and social services agencies, this is an indispensable resource for the future.

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