National Academies Press: OpenBook

From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families (1998)

Chapter: Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators

« Previous: Appendix A: Workshop Participants
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

APPENDIX B
Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

TABLE B-1A Social and Economic Risk Factors for First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin, for First and Second Generations Combined, and for Third- and Later-Generation Children by Race and Ethnicity: 1990

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children in official poverty (percent)

Children in relative poverty (percent)

Children in middle-class comfort (percent)

All First and Second Generations

8,373

22

33

31

All Third and Later Generations

52,685

17

24

39

Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:

White, Non-Hispanic

40,201

11

17

42

Black, Non-Hispanic

8,031

40

51

25

Asian, Non-Hispanic

329

10

14

38

American Indian

562

38

51

24

Hispanic

3,489

31

42

31

First and Second Generations by Country of Origin:

Laos

113

51

65

16

Cambodia

64

46

62

19

Dominican Republic

179

42

55

24

USSR

62

36

42

23

Mexico

2,618

35

52

22

Thailand

69

33

42

29

Vietnam

226

31

42

29

Guatemala

101

30

46

24

Honduras

52

29

46

26

El Salvador

203

27

44

26

Nicaragua

74

27

43

28

Haiti

105

26

39

30

Jordan

19

25

35

31

Belize

16

23

31

35

Iraq

20

21

30

39

Ecuador

64

20

31

36

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children very well-off financially (percent)

Children in one-parent families (percent)

Children whose fathers have less than a high school education (percent)

Children whose mothers have less than a high school education (percent)

Children with 5 or more siblings (percent)

Children who live in linguistically isolated households (percent)

19

17

39

42

8

26

22

26

15

16

4

1

26

18

12

12

4

0

9

62

26

29

10

0

37

25

7

9

6

1

7

40

28

29

10

4

11

42

30

35

8

9

2

15

54

73

35

60

4

26

57

76

18

60

5

48

49

55

5

41

26

10

20

18

5

46

4

19

74

74

14

38

16

13

34

56

17

42

13

19

39

54

11

45

7

28

56

61

5

43

8

31

42

44

5

34

5

31

61

65

6

46

8

27

34

40

8

43

10

36

38

43

8

34

14

7

25

31

13

10

12

29

29

29

6

4

17

5

32

42

10

16

14

24

34

35

3

29

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children in official poverty (percent)

Children in relative poverty (percent)

Children in middle-class comfort (percent)

Venezuela

22

20

25

37

Israel

60

19

25

31

Trinidad and Tobago

52

18

28

37

Colombia

117

17

27

37

Pakistan

39

16

23

36

Costa Rica

23

16

26

38

Panama

40

16

25

37

Brazil

31

16

24

39

Romania

26

15

22

32

Spain

27

15

21

39

Lebanon

36

15

23

34

Jamaica

132

15

25

37

Guyana

46

15

22

41

Nigeria

34

15

27

35

China

131

14

24

30

Indonesia

17

14

19

37

Iran

76

14

19

32

Cuba

211

14

22

38

Peru

61

13

25

37

Korea

231

12

19

38

Syria

15

12

21

33

Taiwan

97

11

15

33

Argentina

35

11

19

38

Yugoslavia

44

10

16

42

Hong Kong

56

10

16

33

Chile

21

10

18

37

Australia

18

10

16

32

Austria

21

9

14

41

France

41

9

13

34

Hungary

25

9

14

35

Egypt

29

9

15

36

Germany

258

8

14

40

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children very well-off financially (percent)

Children in one-parent families (percent)

Children whose fathers have less than a high school education (percent)

Children whose mothers have less than a high school education (percent)

Children with 5 or more siblings (percent)

Children who live in linguistically isolated households (percent)

25

12

14

15

2

19

32

5

16

19

16

12

20

37

23

19

5

1

16

23

29

30

2

31

27

6

8

18

6

13

17

19

28

31

3

17

23

23

12

16

3

7

25

14

20

20

3

22

30

8

25

25

18

21

27

14

23

26

3

12

24

6

28

29

8

11

21

36

27

22

4

0

18

31

25

28

4

1

15

16

2

5

7

4

30

9

31

35

2

41

31

8

8

11

3

21

37

9

6

11

1

18

27

21

28

27

2

16

19

18

18

19

3

25

26

9

6

18

0

34

29

4

22

25

4

17

42

10

5

8

1

36

29

11

21

20

2

15

27

10

30

32

3

11

37

8

24

29

1

35

28

15

14

17

3

18

44

9

8

11

7

1

38

8

8

8

10

2

41

11

9

9

5

6

39

9

14

13

9

10

39

6

4

8

5

10

32

11

8

11

3

2

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children in official poverty (percent)

Children in relative poverty (percent)

Children in middle-class comfort (percent)

Greece

68

8

16

42

Japan

100

8

12

37

Barbados

15

8

16

47

Poland

80

7

12

45

Turkey

15

7

13

32

Italy

179

6

11

45

Portugal

77

6

11

51

United Kingdom

209

6

10

38

Canada

263

6

11

39

South Africa

15

6

10

25

Netherlands

38

5

11

39

India

175

5

9

35

Philippines

399

5

10

45

Ireland

44

4

7

41

Note: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generation combined.

Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children very well-off financially (percent)

Children in one parent families (percent)

Children whose fathers have less than a high school education (percent)

Children whose mothers have less than a high school education (percent)

Children with 5 or more siblings (percent)

Children who live in linguistically isolated households (percent)

25

6

39

32

1

12

41

7

4

7

1

28

21

39

25

21

8

0

32

10

19

15

1

22

38

8

18

18

2

11

30

6

34

29

2

7

22

8

61

58

1

23

41

10

6

9

3

0

39

9

10

10

5

1

57

5

2

7

1

1

38

7

7

6

6

1

47

4

7

12

1

11

32

12

8

13

3

9

39

8

15

14

4

0

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

TABLE B-1B Household and Housing Risk Factors for First- and Second Generation Children by Country of Origin, for First and Second Generations Combined, and for Third- and Later-Generation Children by Race and Ethnicity: 1990

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children in households with no car or truck (percent)

All First and Second Generations

8,373

11

All Third and Later Generations

52,685

8

Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:

White, Non-Hispanic

40,201

3

Black, Non-Hispanic

8,031

30

Asian, Non-Hispanic

329

4

American Indian

562

14

Hispanic

3,489

17

First and Second Generations by Country of Origin:

Laos

113

17

Cambodia

64

29

Dominican Republic

179

54

USSR

62

23

Mexico

2,618

10

Thailand

69

15

Vietnam

226

13

Guatemala

101

18

Honduras

52

22

El Salvador

203

15

Nicaragua

74

13

Haiti

105

24

Jordan

19

8

Belize

16

19

Iraq

20

4

Ecuador

64

24

Venezuela

22

6

Israel

60

13

Trinidad and Tobago

52

29

Colombia

117

13

Pakistan

39

7

Costa Rica

23

14

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children with no telephone in their homes (percent)

Children living in houses built before 1950 (percent)

Children in crowded homes (percent)

7

24

44

8

24

12

5

23

7

18

27

26

3

18

21

32

17

34

15

25

30

4

28

78

4

31

74

19

50

52

2

32

40

15

23

69

3

24

49

1

19

58

9

33

67

9

26

56

8

29

75

10

24

71

10

33

53

2

23

31

7

35

44

1

17

34

8

41

43

4

18

30

1

28

27

7

39

30

6

27

42

2

17

35

4

28

33

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children in households with no car or truck (percent)

Panama

40

16

Brazil

31

7

Romania

26

8

Spain

27

8

Lebanon

36

4

Jamaica

132

22

Guyana

46

30

Nigeria

34

10

China

131

18

Indonesia

17

4

Iran

76

4

Cuba

211

6

Peru

61

11

Korea

231

3

Syria

15

2

Taiwan

97

3

Argentina

35

6

Yugoslavia

44

6

Hong Kong

56

9

Chile

21

6

Australia

18

5

Austria

21

5

France

41

5

Hungary

25

8

Egypt

29

4

Germany

258

3

Greece

68

4

Japan

100

3

Barbados

15

29

Poland

80

5

Turkey

15

4

Italy

179

4

Portugal

77

4

United Kingdom

209

3

Canada

263

2

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children with no telephone in their homes (percent)

Children living in houses built before 1950 (percent)

Children in crowded homes (percent)

6

25

25

2

24

24

2

32

31

3

28

20

2

26

20

5

30

29

4

40

36

3

18

50

1

33

39

1

16

29

1

12

21

3

17

28

4

26

36

1

13

33

0

20

23

0

11

24

2

20

24

1

31

16

1

26

34

2

21

28

0

23

9

0

27

11

1

29

11

2

26

14

1

24

20

3

22

8

1

26

9

1

15

12

4

41

22

1

32

10

1

22

16

1

31

7

2

43

14

2

22

7

2

20

8

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children in households with no car or truck (percent)

South Africa

15

4

Netherlands

38

2

India

175

5

Philippines

399

3

Ireland

44

4

NOTE: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generation combined.

Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children with no telephone in their homes (percent)

Children living in houses built before 1950 (percent)

Children in crowded homes (percent)

1

20

7

1

23

8

1

13

24

1

15

38

1

38

8

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

TABLE B-1C Parents' Labor Force Participation for First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin, for First and Second Generations Combined, and for Third- and Later-Generation Children by Race and Ethnicity: 1990

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children with fathers not in the labor force (percent)

Children with fathers not working full-time, year-round (percent)

Children with mothers not in the labor force (percent)

All First and Second Generations

8,373

7

31

42

All Third and Later Generations

52,685

5

21

34

Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:

White, Non-Hispanic

40,201

4

19

34

Black, Non-Hispanic

8,031

11

34

33

Asian, Non-Hispanic

329

4

18

29

American Indian

562

14

46

40

Hispanic

3,489

8

30

43

First and Second Generations by Country of Origin:

Laos

113

48

68

66

Cambodia

64

41

60

65

Dominican Republic

179

11

38

52

USSR

62

21

54

46

Mexico

2,618

7

38

50

Thailand

69

30

46

53

Vietnam

226

19

42

46

Guatemala

101

5

31

41

Honduras

52

8

37

41

El Salvador

203

5

32

34

Nicaragua

74

5

32

31

Haiti

105

8

36

22

Jordan

19

11

30

68

Belize

16

9

33

31

Iraq

20

10

30

61

Ecuador

64

4

30

39

Venezuela

22

8

28

47

Israel

60

7

26

54

Trinidad and Tobago

52

8

34

25

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children not working not in the labor force (percent)

Children with fathers with mothers full-time, year-round (percent)

Children not in the labor force (percent)

Colombia

117

4

28

38

Pakistan

39

4

26

60

Costa Rica

23

8

31

38

Panama

40

6

27

29

Brazil

31

6

28

47

Romania

26

9

26

46

Spain

27

5

26

40

Lebanon

36

9

27

61

Jamaica

132

6

29

17

Guyana

46

6

28

26

Nigeria

34

6

38

26

China

131

5

27

31

Indonesia

17

10

29

41

Iran

76

8

28

46

Cuba

211

4

22

34

Peru

61

4

27

35

Korea

231

6

26

39

Syria

15

8

32

58

Taiwan

97

6

23

40

Argentina

35

3

21

44

Yugoslavia

44

6

26

42

Hong Kong

56

6

21

31

Chile

21

3

19

38

Australia

18

4

16

49

Austria

21

4

19

35

France

41

3

20

43

Hungary

25

5

20

41

Egypt

29

4

23

42

Germany

258

3

18

37

Greece

68

6

26

46

Japan

100

4

20

58

Barbados

15

5

23

20

Poland

80

4

21

34

Turkey

15

4

20

48

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children with fathers not in the labor force (percent)

Children with fathers not working full-time, year-round (percent)

Children with mothers not in the labor force (percent)

Italy

179

5

21

47

Portugal

77

5

27

29

United Kingdom

209

3

17

38

Canada

263

3

18

38

South Africa

15

4

17

48

Netherlands

38

2

14

39

India

175

2

19

35

Philippines

399

5

22

18

Ireland

44

4

18

42

NOTE: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generation combined.

Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

TABLE B-1D Parents' Education for First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin, for First and Second Generations Combined, and for Third- and Later-Generation Children by Race and Ethnicity: 1990

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children with fathers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)

Children with mothers who have 8 or fewer years of education percent)

Children whose fathers have four or more years of college education percent)

Children whose mothers have four or more years of college education percent)

All First and Second Generations

8,373

25

26

24

16

All Third and Later Generations

52,685

3

3

26

18

Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:

White, Non-Hispanic

40,201

3

2

28

20

Black, Non-Hispanic

8,031

6

4

12

9

Asian, Non-Hispanic

329

1

1

40

31

American Indian

562

8

6

9

7

Hispanic

3,489

9

10

12

7

First and Second Generations by Country of Origin:

Laos

113

41

60

7

3

Cambodia

64

42

60

6

2

Dominican Republic

179

27

30

9

5

USSR

62

8

6

41

36

Mexico

2,618

55

52

4

2

Thailand

69

25

45

24

13

Vietnam

226

21

32

18

8

Guatemala

101

35

38

9

5

Honduras

52

23

24

13

7

El Salvador

203

37

40

6

4

Nicaragua

74

17

17

21

11

Haiti

105

14

17

14

10

Jordan

19

11

12

29

11

Belize

16

10

7

14

7

Iraq

20

13

21

25

16

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children with fathers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)

Children with mothers who have 8 or fewer years of education percent)

Children whose fathers have four or more years of college education percent)

Children whose mothers have four or more years of college education percent)

Ecuador

64

14

13

18

9

Venezuela

22

6

5

45

28

Israel

60

5

6

41

32

Trinidad and Tobago

52

7

5

18

12

Colombia

117

11

12

22

13

Pakistan

39

3

8

65

41

Costa Rica

23

11

12

20

13

Panama

40

2

3

26

17

Brazil

31

9

10

40

29

Romania

26

9

10

38

31

Spain

27

12

12

29

19

Lebanon

36

14

12

35

21

Jamaica

132

8

5

19

15

Guyana

46

6

8

23

12

Nigeria

34

0

2

80

45

China

131

18

20

39

28

Indonesia

17

2

4

54

34

Iran

76

2

3

68

39

Cuba

211

12

9

25

16

Peru

61

5

6

29

17

Korea

231

2

7

43

28

Syria

15

10

11

41

19

Taiwan

97

3

4

73

52

Argentina

35

9

7

34

25

Yugoslavia

44

18

19

18

14

Hong Kong

56

13

14

43

30

Chile

21

5

5

33

22

Australia

18

3

1

50

33

Austria

21

2

1

45

37

France

41

4

2

49

36

Hungary

25

6

3

39

29

Egypt

29

1

2

67

44

Germany

258

2

2

35

22

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children with fathers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)

Children with mothers who have 8 or fewer years of education percent)

Children whose fathers have four or more years of college education percent)

Children whose mothers have four or more years of college education percent)

Greece

68

23

19

21

17

Japan

100

2

2

55

32

Barbados

15

8

4

18

14

Poland

80

7

5

30

23

Turkey

15

10

9

41

32

Italy

179

19

16

19

14

Portugal

77

43

39

7

5

United Kingdom

209

1

1

43

26

Canada

263

3

2

40

26

South Africa

15

0

1

68

40

Netherlands

38

2

1

41

26

India

175

2

4

76

59

Philippines

399

3

6

39

46

Ireland

44

5

3

31

19

NOTE: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generation combined.

Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

TABLE B-1E Children's Language Use and Citizenship for First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin, for First and Second Generations Combined, and for Third- and Later-Generation Children by Race and Ethnicity: 1990

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children who do not speak English at home (percent)

All First and Second Generations

8,373

67

All Third and Later Generations

52,685

6

Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:

White, Non-Hispanic

40,201

3

Black, Non-Hispanic

8,031

3

Asian, Non-Hispanic

329

8

American Indian

562

18

Hispanic

3,489

43

First and Second Generations by Country of Origin:

Laos

113

96

Cambodia

64

93

Dominican Republic

179

93

USSR

62

84

Mexico

2,618

91

Thailand

69

66

Vietnam

226

87

Guatemala

101

90

Honduras

52

79

El Salvador

203

94

Nicaragua

74

89

Haiti

105

75

Jordan

19

62

Belize

16

18

Iraq

20

69

Ecuador

64

85

Venezuela

22

70

Israel

60

65

Trinidad and Tobago

52

6

Colombia

117

84

Pakistan

39

72

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children who do not speak English exclusively or very well (percent)

Children not U.S. citizens (percent)

Children who are not U.S. citizens, or who have at least 1 parent in the home who is not a citizen (percent)

27

21

65

2

N/A

N/A

1

N/A

N/A

1

N/A

N/A

3

N/A

N/A

7

N/A

N/A

15

N/A

N/A

61

39

89

59

42

85

39

23

73

45

51

62

40

21

78

39

48

75

44

34

63

40

31

81

31

29

73

44

34

83

46

51

83

29

22

75

11

9

38

5

16

72

11

12

44

24

17

76

23

31

76

19

18

42

1

18

71

23

21

70

19

20

55

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children who do not speak English at home (percent)

Costa Rica

23

68

Panama

40

42

Brazil

31

67

Romania

26

73

Spain

27

64

Lebanon

36

71

Jamaica

132

6

Guyana

46

7

Nigeria

34

23

China

131

81

Indonesia

17

41

Iran

76

68

Cuba

211

81

Peru

61

81

Korea

231

65

Syria

15

61

Taiwan

97

80

Argentina

35

69

Yugoslavia

44

61

Hong Kong

56

79

Chile

21

74

Australia

18

13

Austria

21

26

France

41

46

Hungary

25

43

Egypt

29

56

Germany

258

18

Greece

68

70

Japan

100

54

Barbados

15

3

Poland

80

66

Turkey

15

55

Italy

179

37

Portugal

77

75

United Kingdom

209

7

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children who do not speak English exclusively or very well (percent)

Children not U.S. citizens (percent)

Children who are not U.S. citizens, or who have at least 1 parent in the home who is not a citizen (percent)

18

16

68

13

12

48

25

28

76

23

33

47

15

17

65

16

15

40

2

24

66

2

31

62

7

12

82

36

22

46

18

23

50

20

28

67

18

11

47

26

26

67

23

23

55

15

12

43

28

27

52

7

24

60

10

9

44

35

24

39

17

19

64

3

18

76

9

4

29

10

15

56

13

9

27

13

10

34

4

5

36

11

3

36

29

31

73

1

17

58

15

18

54

8

15

51

8

3

39

16

14

63

2

13

64

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children who do not speak English at home (percent)

Canada

263

11

South Africa

15

12

Netherlands

38

13

India

175

63

Philippines

399

35

Ireland

44

5

NOTE: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generation combined.

Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children who do not speak English exclusively or very well (percent)

Children not U.S. citizens (percent)

Children who are not U.S. citizens, or who have at least 1 parent in the home who is not a citizen (percent)

3

11

62

3

30

58

3

5

43

14

22

68

11

15

44

1

8

48

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

TABLE B-2A Social and Economic Risk Factors for First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin for First and Second Generations Separately: 1990

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children in official poverty (percent)

Children in relative poverty (percent)

Children in middle-class comfort (percent)

All First-Generation Children

2,084

33

47

24

All Second-Generation Children

6,288

19

29

33

Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:

White, Non-Hispanic

40,201

11

17

42

Black, Non-Hispanic

8,031

40

51

25

Asian, Non-Hispanic

329

10

14

38

American Indian

562

38

51

24

Hispanic

3,489

31

42

31

First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin:

Laos - 1st Generation

49

51

64

16

Laos - 2nd Generation

64

50

65

15

Cambodia - 1st Generation

30

52

68

14

Cambodia - 2nd Generation

34

41

57

23

Dominican Republic - 1st Generation

48

41

57

21

Dominican Republic - 2nd Generation

131

42

54

25

USSR - 1st Generation

38

51

60

17

USSR - 2nd Generation

24

11

14

32

Mexico - 1st Generation

643

44

63

14

Mexico - 2nd Generation

1,975

32

49

24

Thailand - 1st Generation

36

59

73

12

Thailand - 2nd Generation

33

5

10

46

Vietnam - 1st Generation

99

42

54

23

Vietnam - 2nd Generation

33

23

32

35

Guatemala - 1st Generation

35

36

54

19

Guatemala - 2nd Generation

66

27

42

27

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children very well-off financially (percent)

Children in one-parent families (percent)

Children whose fathers have less than a high school education (percent)

Children whose mothers have less than a high school education (percent)

Children with 5 or more siblings (percent)

Children who live in linguistically isolated households (percent)

11

23

49

54

17

41

21

15

36

38

9

21

26

18

12

12

4

0

9

62

26

29

10

0

37

25

7

9

6

1

7

40

28

29

10

4

11

42

30

35

8

9

1

17

60

75

29

55

2

13

50

72

39

63

3

27

65

80

19

58

6

25

50

73

17

63

2

51

63

65

6

49

7

47

44

52

4

38

14

11

26

23

7

64

45

10

11

10

2

19

2

23

83

85

19

52

5

18

71

71

12

33

3

16

63

76

33

67

29

9

6

36

1

15

7

23

51

64

15

46

19

15

30

47

9

44

3

32

66

73

6

53

9

26

52

55

5

38

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children in official poverty (percent)

Children in relative poverty (percent)

Children in middle-class comfort (percent)

Honduras - 1st Generation

17

37

59

19

Honduras - 2nd Generation

35

25

40

29

El Salvador - 1st Generation

77

32

50

21

El Salvador - 2nd Generation

126

25

41

29

Nicaragua - 1st Generation

39

36

55

20

Nicaragua - 2nd Generation

35

18

29

37

Haiti - 1st Generation

28

30

49

25

Haiti - 2nd Generation

77

24

36

32

Jordan - 1st Generation

2

47

54

26

Jordan - 2nd Generation

17

22

33

31

Belize - 1st Gen.

3

23

39

30

Belize - 2nd Gen.

12

23

28

36

Iraq - 1st Generation

4

34

46

34

Iraq - 2nd Generation

17

19

27

40

Ecuador - 1st Generation

12

26

40

30

Ecuador - 2nd Generation

52

19

28

38

Venezuela - 1st Generation

8

33

39

27

Venezuela - 2nd Generation

15

13

18

41

Israel - 1st Generation

13

23

30

35

Israel - 2nd Generation

46

18

24

30

Trinidad and Tobago - 1st Generation

12

30

43

27

Trinidad and Tobago - 2nd Generation

41

14

23

39

Colombia - 1st Generation

29

19

34

33

Colombia - 2nd Generation

88

16

24

39

Pakistan - 1st Generation

11

24

34

32

Pakistan - 2nd Generation

28

13

18

38

Costa Rica - 1st Generation

4

29

40

36

Costa Rica - 2nd Generation

19

14

23

38

Panama - 1st Generation

6

27

39

39

Panama - 2nd Generation

33

15

23

36

Brazil - 1st Generation

9

21

35

33

Brazil - 2nd Generation

21

13

20

42

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children very well-off financially (percent)

Children in one-parent families (percent)

Children whose fathers have less than a high school education (percent)

Children whose mothers have less than a high school education (percent)

Children with 5 or more siblings (percent)

Children who live in linguistically isolated households (percent)

2

41

49

56

8

49

10

27

39

39

3

26

3

36

69

75

8

48

7

29

57

60

5

45

3

30

40

46

11

54

14

24

28

34

5

30

5

39

49

57

10

39

12

35

35

38

8

32

8

16

36

40

11

23

15

6

24

30

13

8

11

34

40

42

6

10

13

27

26

26

6

3

10

6

46

59

14

14

18

5

29

38

9

16

7

32

43

49

4

42

16

22

32

32

3

26

15

19

21

23

2

36

30

9

10

12

2

10

23

7

15

17

12

22

35

5

17

20

18

9

10

46

37

33

4

2

-23

35

20

16

5

0

9

32

34

42

3

44

18

21

27

27

1

27

13

10

10

20

6

21

32

4

7

17

6

10

6

26

41

36

5

34

20

17

26

30

2

14

9

34

15

22

3

19

26

21

11

14

2

5

16

19

24

23

2

45

29

12

18

19

4

11

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children in official poverty (percent)

Children in relative poverty (percent)

Children in middle-class comfort (percent)

Romania - 1st Generation

11

18

27

33

Romania - 2nd Generation

15

13

18

31

Spain - 1st Generation

6

37

47

28

Spain - 2nd Generation

22

9

15

42

Lebanon - 1st Generation

8

25

39

22

Lebanon - 2nd Generation

28

12

18

37

Jamaica - 1st Generation

40

18

30

36

Jamaica - 2nd Generation

92

14

23

37

Guyana - 1st Generation

18

18

28

38

Guyana - 2nd Generation

28

13

19

43

Nigeria - 1st Generation

5

28

37

29

Nigeria - 2nd Generation

29

13

25

36

China - 1st Generation

34

25

42

28

China - 2nd Generation

97

10

18

30

Indonesia - 1st Generation

4

45

50

22

Indonesia - 2nd Generation

13

4

9

43

Iran - 1st Generation

24

27

34

29

Iran - 2nd Generation

52

8

12

33

Cuba - 1st Generation

27

27

40

30

Cuba - 2nd Generation

184

13

19

39

Peru - 1st Generation

18

22

39

27

Peru - 2nd Generation

43

10

19

41

Korea - 1st Generation

67

20

29

33

Korea - 2nd Generation

163

9

15

40

Syria - 1st Generation

2

28

41

41

Syria - 2nd Generation

13

9

18

31

Taiwan - 1st Generation

32

19

26

35

Taiwan - 2nd Generation

65

7

10

31

Argentina - 1st Generation

10

18

32

30

Argentina - 2nd Generation

26

9

14

41

Yugoslavia - 1st Generation

5

12

19

44

Yugoslavia - 2nd Generation

39

10

15

42

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children very well-off financially (percent)

fathers Children in one-parent families (percent)

Children whose mothers have less than a high school education (percent)

Children whose have less than a high school education (percent)

Children Children with 5 or more siblings (percent)

who live in linguistically isolated households (percent)

21

9

32

32

19

34

36

7

21

21

17

13

12

19

43

43

3

29

31

12

20

23

3

8

18

11

47

47

8

21

26

5

23

24

8

9

13

44

37

31

5

0

25

33

24

18

4

0

10

36

38

40

5

2

23

28

17

21

4

1

7

22

4

8

16

7

16

15

2

5

6

4

9

10

45

53

3

59

37

9

26

28

1

35

12

15

20

29

3

48

38

6

5

6

3

11

24

14

13

19

1

34

43

6

3

7

1

10

9

25

60

60

2

39

29

21

24

22

2

13

12

21

19

23

3

42

22

16

18

18

2

19

19

11

12

18

0

48

29

9

4

18

0

28

4

5

32

39

4

40

34

4

20

22

4

12

24

17

9

13

1

47

51

6

3

6

1

31

18

13

32

32

1

32

33

10

17

15

3

9

19

11

31

35

3

27

28

10

30

31

3

9

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children in official poverty (percent)

Children in relative poverty (percent)

Children in middle-class comfort (percent)

Hong Kong - 1st Generation

17

26

35

31

Hong Kong - 2nd Generation

39

3

8

35

Chile - 1st Generation

5

19

28

33

Chile - 2nd Generation

17

8

15

38

Australia - 1st Generation

3

13

17

27

Australia - 2nd Generation

14

10

16

33

Austria - 1st Generation

1

33

42

30

Austria - 2nd Generation

20

7

12

42

France - 1st Generation

7

11

14

30

France - 2nd Generation

34

8

13

35

Hungary - 1st Generation

3

17

20

33

Hungary - 2nd Generation

22

8

13

35

Egypt - 1st Generation

5

20

29

42

Egypt - 2nd Generation

25

7

12

35

Germany - 1st Generation

16

25

32

31

Germany - 2nd Generation

243

7

12

41

Greece - 1st Generation

3

16

24

44

Greece - 2nd Generation

65

8

15

42

Japan - 1st Generation

32

11

13

26

Japan - 2nd Generation

68

6

11

41

Barbados - 1st Generation

3

6

25

36

Barbados - 2nd Generation

11

8

14

51

Poland - 1st Generation

18

14

22

42

Poland - 2nd Generation

62

5

9

45

Turkey - 1st Generation

3

11

23

20

Turkey - 2nd Generation

12

6

11

35

Italy - 1st Generation

8

14

20

36

Italy - 2nd Generation

171

6

11

45

Portugal - 1st Generation

14

11

17

50

Portugal - 2nd Generation

64

5

10

51

United Kingdom - 1st Generation

31

10

13

31

United Kingdom - 2nd Generation

178

5

9

39

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children very well-off financially (percent)

Children in one-parent families (percent)

Children whose fathers have less than a high school education (percent)

Children whose mothers have less than a high school education (percent)

Children with 5 or more siblings (percent)

Children who live in linguistically isolated households (percent)

14

15

49

57

3

54

47

5

14

17

1

26

17

18

21

28

0

37

31

14

13

14

4

12

45

11

9

14

2

3

43

9

8

10

9

1

13

18

23

26

16

24

40

7

7

7

10

0

48

11

10

14

1

24

39

11

9

9

5

3

26

8

18

21

13

37

41

9

14

12

8

6

19

12

5

10

4

27

43

5

4

8

5

7

25

22

10

18

4

11

33

11

8

10

3

1

17

10

45

51

0

33

26

6

39

31

1

11

52

3

3

4

1

63

36

9

5

8

1

12

13

54

33

35

7

0

24

35

24

17

8

0

23

15

18

15

1

44

35

8

19

15

1

16

36

4

18

23

0

16

38

9

18

17

2

9

25

10

45

48

4

23

30

6

34

28

2

6

14

12

82

83

2

37

24

7

56

53

1

20

45

16

8

15

1

2

41

9

6

8

3

0

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children in official poverty (percent)

Children in relative poverty (percent)

Children in middle-class comfort (percent)

Canada - 1st Generation

33

9

14

31

Canada - 2nd Generation

230

6

11

40

South Africa - 1st Generation

5

7

11

23

South Africa - 2nd Generation

10

6

9

27

Netherlands - 1st Generation

2

14

19

24

Netherlands - 2nd Generation

36

5

11

40

India - 1st Generation

45

10

17

39

India - 2nd Generation

130

3

6

33

Philippines - 1st Generation

83

9

15

48

Philippines - 2nd Generation

316

4

8

44

Ireland - 1st Generation

4

12

14

38

Ireland - 2nd Generation

40

4

7

42

NOTE: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generations combined.

Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children very well-off financially (percent)

Children in one-parent families (percent)

Children whose fathers have less than a high school education (percent)

Children whose mothers have less than a high school education (percent)

Children with 5 or more siblings (percent)

Children who live in linguistically isolated households (percent)

47

12

11

13

2

5

38

8

11

10

5

1

58

7

1

6

1

2

56

5

2

8

1

0

42

18

5

7

3

3

38

7

7

6

6

1

27

13

5

23

1

18

53

5

95

8

1

9

20

12

88

15

6

16

35

7

93

13

2

7

26

24

76

23

7

3

41

14

86

13

4

0

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

TABLE B-2B Household and Housing Risk Factors for First- and Second Generation Children by Country of Origin for First and Second Generations Separately: 1990

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children in households with no car or truck (percent)

All First-Generation Children

2,084

17

All Second-Generation Children

6,288

9

Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:

White, Non-Hispanic

40,201

3

Black, Non-Hispanic

8,031

30

Asian, Non-Hispanic

329

4

American Indian

562

14

Hispanic

3,489

17

First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin:

Laos - 1st Generation

49

18

Laos - 2nd Generation

64

17

Cambodia - 1st Generation

30

32

Cambodia - 2nd Generation

34

27

Dominican Republic - 1st Generation

48

60

Dominican Republic - 2nd Generation

131

51

USSR - 1st Generation

38

32

USSR - 2nd Generation

24

8

Mexico - 1st Generation

643

15

Mexico - 2nd Generation

1,975

8

Thailand - 1st Generation

36

27

Thailand - 2nd Generation

33

2

Vietnam - 1st Generation

99

18

Vietnam - 2nd Generation

33

10

Guatemala - 1st Generation

35

20

Guatemala - 2nd Generation

66

17

Honduras - 1st Generation

17

26

Honduras - 2nd Generation

35

21

El Salvador - 1st Generation

77

16

El Salvador - 2nd Generation

126

15

Nicaragua - 1st Generation

39

17

Nicaragua - 2nd Generation

35

8

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children with no telephone in their homes (percent)

Children living in houses built before 1950 (percent)

Children in crowded homes (percent)

10

26

62

6

24

38

5

23

7

18

27

26

3

18

21

32

17

34

15

25

30

4

29

78

4

27

79

5

31

76

4

30

73

22

49

63

18

51

48

3

35

54

0

28

17

21

24

83

13

23

64

4

34

79

1

14

16

2

21

67

1

17

50

10

32

79

8

34

61

12

27

71

8

25

49

8

28

82

7

30

71

13

25

84

6

22

57

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children in households with no car or truck (percent)

Haiti - 1st Generation

28

30

Haiti - 2nd Generation

77

21

Jordan - 1st Generation

2

15

Jordan - 2nd Generation

17

7

Belize - 1st Gen.

3

33

Belize - 2nd Gen.

12

16

Iraq - 1st Generation

4

10

Iraq - 2nd Generation

17

3

Ecuador - 1st Generation

12

34

Ecuador - 2nd Generation

52

22

Venezuela - 1st Generation

8

11

Venezuela - 2nd Generation

15

4

Israel - 1st Generation

13

11

Israel - 2nd Generation

46

13

Trinidad and Tobago - 1st Generation

12

40

Trinidad and Tobago - 2nd Generation

41

25

Colombia - 1st Generation

29

17

Colombia - 2nd Generation

88

11

Pakistan - 1st Generation

11

10

Pakistan - 2nd Generation

28

6

Costa Rica - 1st Generation

4

18

Costa Rica - 2nd Generation

19

13

Panama - 1st Generation

6

25

Panama - 2nd Generation

33

15

Brazil - 1st Generation

9

10

Brazil - 2nd Generation

21

6

Romania - 1st Generation

11

10

Romania - 2nd Generation

15

7

Spain - 1st Generation

6

10

Spain - 2nd Generation

22

7

Lebanon - 1st Generation

8

9

Lebanon - 2nd Generation

28

3

Jamaica - 1st Generation

40

29

Jamaica - 2nd Generation

92

19

Guyana - 1st Generation

18

42

Guyana - 2nd Generation

28

23

Nigeria - 1st Generation

5

19

Nigeria - 2nd Generation

29

9

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children with no telephone in their homes (percent)

Children living in houses built before 1950 (percent)

Children in crowded homes (percent)

13

34

68

9

33

47

9

15

46

1

24

29

7

35

59

6

35

40

3

31

47

1

14

31

11

46

60

7

40

39

4

21

50

5

16

20

2

25

32

1

29

26

9

45

43

6

37

26

9

29

59

5

26

36

2

20

49

2

16

29

11

22

52

3

30

28

3

28

46

7

25

22

2

24

38

3

25

18

5

37

41

0

29

23

4

31

31

3

27

17

1

32

34

2

24

16

5

33

39

5

28

25

3

46

49

5

36

28

4

18

62

3

18

48

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children in households with no car or truck (percent)

China - 1st Generation

34

36

China - 2nd Generation

97

12

Indonesia - 1st Generation

4

11

Indonesia - 2nd Generation

13

2

Iran - 1st Generation

24

8

Iran - 2nd Generation

52

3

Cuba - 1st Generation

27

12

Cuba - 2nd Generation

184

6

Peru - 1st Generation

18

13

Peru - 2nd Generation

43

10

Korea - 1st Generation

67

5

Korea - 2nd Generation

163

2

Syria - 1st Generation

2

6

Syria - 2nd Generation

13

2

Taiwan - 1st Generation

32

4

Taiwan - 2nd Generation

65

2

Argentina - 1st Generation

10

6

Argentina - 2nd Generation

26

6

Yugoslavia - 1st Generation

5

13

Yugoslavia - 2nd Generation

39

5

Hong Kong - 1st Generation

17

19

Hong Kong - 2nd Generation

39

5

Chile - 1st Generation

5

8

Chile - 2nd Generation

17

5

Australia - 1st Generation

3

6

Australia - 2nd Generation

14

5

Austria - 1st Generation

1

20

Austria - 2nd Generation

20

4

France - 1st Generation

7

5

France - 2nd Generation

34

5

Hungary - 1st Generation

3

16

Hungary - 2nd Generation

22

7

Egypt - 1st Generation

5

7

Egypt - 2nd Generation

25

3

Germany - 1st Generation

16

5

Germany - 2nd Generation

243

3

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children with no telephone in their homes (percent)

Children living in houses built before 1950 (percent)

Children in crowded homes (percent)

2

41

59

1

30

32

2

11

53

1

17

21

1

13

38

1

12

14

4

18

48

3

17

25

4

26

53

4

27

29

1

15

49

1

12

27

0

25

42

0

19

19

0

13

34

0

10

19

3

15

35

2

22

20

4

39

38

1

30

14

1

33

57

0

23

24

3

27

37

1

19

26

1

17

9

0

24

9

0

29

35

0

27

10

2

21

11

1

30

11

2

27

33

2

25

12

2

24

35

1

24

17

3

19

17

3

22

7

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children in households with no car or truck (percent)

Greece - 1st Generation

3

7

Greece - 2nd Generation

65

3

Japan - 1st Generation

32

2

Japan - 2nd Generation

68

3

Barbados - 1st Generation

3

38

Barbados - 2nd Generation

11

26

Poland - 1st Generation

18

9

Poland - 2nd Generation

62

4

Turkey - 1st Generation

3

6

Turkey - 2nd Generation

12

4

Italy - 1st Generation

8

13

Italy - 2nd Generation

171

3

Portugal - 1st Generation

14

9

Portugal - 2nd Generation

64

3

United Kingdom - 1st Generation

31

5

United Kingdom - 2nd Generation

178

3

Canada - 1st Generation

33

3

Canada - 2nd Generation

230

2

South Africa - 1st Generation

5

2

South Africa - 2nd Generation

10

5

Netherlands - 1st Generation

2

7

Netherlands - 2nd Generation

36

1

India - 1st Generation

45

11

India - 2nd Generation

130

3

Philippines - 1st Generation

83

5

Philippines - 2nd Generation

316

2

Ireland - 1st Generation

4

7

Ireland - 2nd Generation

40

4

NOTE: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generations combined.

Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children with no telephone in their homes (percent)

Children living in houses built before 1950 (percent)

Children in crowded homes (percent)

2

36

15

1

26

9

0

13

14

2

16

12

3

65

39

4

34

16

1

38

19

1

30

8

1

25

20

2

22

16

3

35

18

1

31

6

2

53

23

1

41

12

1

17

11

2

23

7

1

13

12

2

21

7

0

14

10

1

23

6

1

11

9

1

23

8

1

20

42

0

11

18

1

20

58

1

14

33

3

29

15

1

39

7

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

TABLE B-2C Parents' Labor Force Participation for First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin for First and Second Generations Separately: 1990

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children with fathers not in the labor force (percent)

Children with fathers not working full-time, year-round (percent)

Children with mothers not in the labor force (percent)

All First-Generation Children

2,084

12

41

45

All Second-Generation Children

6,288

6

28

41

Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:

White, Non-Hispanic

40,201

4

19

34

Black, Non-Hispanic

8,031

11

34

33

Asian, Non-Hispanic

329

4

18

29

American Indian

562

14

46

40

Hispanic

3,489

8

30

43

First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin:

Laos - 1st Generation

49

51

68

64

Laos - 2nd Generation

64

46

68

67

Cambodia - 1st Generation

30

51

69

70

Cambodia - 2nd Generation

34

34

53

62

Dominican Republic 1st Generation

48

12

40

45

Dominican Republic 2nd Generation

131

10

38

54

USSR - 1st Generation

38

31

75

53

USSR - 2nd Generation

24

5

21

34

Mexico - 1st Generation

643

7

43

50

Mexico - 2nd Generation

1,975

7

37

50

Thailand - 1st Generation

36

58

73

74

Thailand - 2nd Generation

33

4

21

32

Vietnam - 1st Generation

99

30

57

52

Vietnam - 2nd Generation

33

11

33

42

Guatemala - 1st Generation

35

6

32

36

Guatemala - 2nd Generation

66

5

31

44

Honduras - 1st Generation

17

10

42

38

Honduras - 2nd Generation

35

8

35

43

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children with fathers not in the labor force (percent)

Children with fathers not working full-time, year-round (percent)

Children with mothers not in the labor force (percent)

El Salvador - 1st Generation

77

3

35

30

El Salvador - 2nd Generation

126

5

31

36

Nicaragua - 1st Generation

39

6

38

25

Nicaragua - 2nd Generation

35

4

26

37

Haiti - 1st Generation

28

10

43

21

Haiti - 2nd Generation

77

7

33

22

Jordan - 1st Generation

2

26

60

65

Jordan - 2nd Generation

17

9

27

68

Belize - 1st Gen.

3

11

44

29

Belize - 2nd Gen.

12

8

30

32

Iraq - 1st Generation

4

21

43

59

Iraq - 2nd Generation

17

8

28

61

Ecuador - 1st Generation

12

6

40

31

Ecuador - 2nd Generation

52

4

28

41

Venezuela - 1st Generation

8

14

38

54

Venezuela - 2nd Generation

15

5

24

44

Israel - 1st Generation

13

13

34

55

Israel - 2nd Generation

46

5

24

54

Trinidad and Tobago 1st Generation

12

13

49

24

Trinidad and Tobago 2nd Generation

41

6

30

25

Colombia - 1st Generation

29

5

35

34

Colombia - 2nd Generation

88

4

26

40

Pakistan - 1st Generation

11

9

35

63

Pakistan - 2nd Generation

28

3

23

59

Costa Rica - 1st Generation

4

15

43

47

Costa Rica - 2nd Generation

19

7

29

36

Panama - 1st Generation

6

8

32

34

Panama - 2nd Generation

33

6

26

28

Brazil - 1st Generation

9

8

36

46

Brazil - 2nd Generation

21

5

25

48

Romania - 1st Generation

11

12

33

45

Romania - 2nd Generation

15

6

22

47

Spain - 1st Generation

6

7

48

42

Spain - 2nd Generation

22

4

21

40

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children with fathers not in the labor force (percent)

Children with fathers not working full-time, year-round (percent)

Children with mothers not in the labor force (percent)

Lebanon - 1st Generation

8

12

40

63

Lebanon - 2nd Generation

28

8

24

60

Jamaica - 1st Generation

40

5

32

12

Jamaica - 2nd Generation

92

6

28

19

Guyana - 1st Generation

18

4

30

24

Guyana - 2nd Generation

28

6

27

27

Nigeria - 1st Generation

5

7

51

30

Nigeria - 2nd Generation

29

6

36

25

China - 1st Generation

34

9

41

27

China - 2nd Generation

97

4

22

32

Indonesia - 1st Generation

4

34

63

59

Indonesia - 2nd Generation

13

4

20

35

Iran - 1st Generation

24

17

45

50

Iran - 2nd Generation

52

5

21

44

Cuba - 1st Generation

27

7

37

37

Cuba - 2nd Generation

184

4

20

34

Peru - 1st Generation

18

4

34

31

Peru - 2nd Generation

43

4

25

36

Korea - 1st Generation

67

9

38

37

Korea - 2nd Generation

163

5

22

39

Syria - 1st Generation

2

13

51

62

Syria - 2nd Generation

13

7

29

57

Taiwan - 1st Generation

32

13

36

43

Taiwan - 2nd Generation

65

4

18

39

Argentina - 1st Generation

10

6

28

41

Argentina - 2nd Generation

26

2

19

45

Yugoslavia - 1st Generation

5

4

32

42

Yugoslavia - 2nd Generation

39

6

26

42

Hong Kong - 1st Generation

17

13

41

33

Hong Kong - 2nd Generation

39

3

13

30

Chile - 1st Generation

5

4

28

42

Chile - 2nd Generation

17

3

16

36

Australia - 1st Generation

3

7

17

74

Australia - 2nd Generation

14

3

16

43

Austria - 1st Generation

1

11

32

64

Austria - 2nd Generation

20

4

18

33

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children with fathers not in the labor force (percent)

Children with fathers not working full-time, year-round (percent)

Children with mothers not in the labor force (percent)

France - 1st Generation

7

4

18

57

France - 2nd Generation

34

3

20

40

Hungary - 1st Generation

3

5

26

46

Hungary - 2nd Generation

22

5

19

40

Egypt - 1st Generation

5

7

32

42

Egypt - 2nd Generation

25

3

22

43

Germany - 1st Generation

16

6

22

52

Germany - 2nd Generation

243

3

18

36

Greece - 1st Generation

3

7

35

51

Greece - 2nd Generation

65

6

26

46

Japan - 1st Generation

32

5

22

90

Japan - 2nd Generation

68

3

19

43

Barbados - 1st Generation

3

1

28

14

Barbados - 2nd Generation

11

6

22

22

Poland - 1st Generation

18

4

26

31

Poland - 2nd Generation

62

4

19

35

Turkey - 1st Generation

3

11

23

52

Turkey - 2nd Generation

12

2

20

47

Italy - 1st Generation

8

6

30

55

Italy - 2nd Generation

171

5

21

47

Portugal - 1st Generation

14

5

37

31

Portugal - 2nd Generation

64

6

25

28

United Kingdom 1st Generation

31

3

15

51

United Kingdom 2nd Generation

178

3

17

36

Canada - 1st Generation

33

4

19

46

Canada - 2nd Generation

230

3

18

37

South Africa - 1st Generation

5

6

19

50

South Africa - 2nd Generation

10

2

15

46

Netherlands - 1st Generation

2

3

16

48

Netherlands - 2nd Generation

36

2

14

39

India - 1st Generation

45

4

27

31

India - 2nd Generation

130

2

16

37

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children with fathers not in the labor force (percent)

Children with fathers not working full-time, year-round (percent)

Children with mothers not in the labor force (percent)

Philippines -1st Generation

83

7

29

18

Philippines -2nd Generation

316

5

20

18

Ireland -1st Generation

4

5

29

56

Ireland -2nd Generation

40

4

17

41

NOTE: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generations combined.

Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

TABLE B-2D Parents' Education for First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin for First and Second Generations Separately: 1990

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children with fathers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)

Children with mothers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)

Children whose fathers have four or more years of college education (percent)

Children whose mothers have four or more years of college education (percent)

All First-Generation Children

2,084

34

38

23

14

All Second-Generation Children

6,288

23

22

25

17

Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:

White, Non-Hispanic

40,201

3

2

28

20

Black, Non-Hispanic

8,031

6

4

12

9

Asian, Non-Hispanic

329

1

1

40

31

American Indian

562

8

6

9

7

Hispanic

3,489

9

10

12

7

First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin:

Laos - 1st Generation

49

48

66

8

6

Laos - 2nd Generation

64

36

56

7

2

Cambodia - 1st Generation

30

51

68

3

2

Cambodia - 2nd Generation

34

35

53

9

2

Dominican Republic 1st Generation

48

42

43

8

4

Dominican Republic 2nd Generation

131

22

25

10

6

USSR - 1st Generation

38

11

8

36

32

USSR - 2nd Generation

24

4

3

49

41

Mexico - 1st Generation

643

67

69

3

2

Mexico - 2nd Generation

1,975

51

48

4

3

Thailand - 1st Generation

36

50

68

8

4

Thailand - 2nd Generation

33

2

21

39

21

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children with fathers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)

Children with mothers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)

Children whose fathers have four or more years of college education (percent)

Children whose mothers have four or more years of college education (percent)

Vietnam - 1st Generation

99

32

44

11

5

Vietnam - 2nd Generation

33

14

23

22

9

Guatemala - 1st Generation

35

45

52

7

3

Guatemala - 2nd Generation

66

30

32

10

6

Honduras - 1st Generation

17

33

36

13

6

Honduras - 2nd Generation

35

19

19

13

8

El Salvador - 1st Generation

77

47

51

5

3

El Salvador - 2nd Generation

126

33

35

7

4

Nicaragua - 1st Generation

39

22

23

23

11

Nicaragua - 2nd Generation

35

11

12

19

11

Haiti - 1st Generation

28

19

23

7

4

Haiti - 2nd Generation

77

13

15

17

12

Jordan - 1st Generation

2

14

17

31

11

Jordan - 2nd Generation

17

11

11

29

11

Belize - 1st Gen.

3

20

14

7

7

Belize - 2nd Gen.

12

8

5

16

7

Iraq - 1st Generation

4

21

41

23

9

Iraq - 2nd Generation

17

12

17

25

17

Ecuador - 1st Generation

12

22

20

16

9

Ecuador - 2nd Generation

52

12

12

18

9

Venezuela - 1st Generation

8

11

11

45

25

Venezuela - 2nd Generation

15

4

3

45

30

Israel - 1st Generation

13

5

6

50

34

Israel - 2nd Generation

46

5

6

38

32

Trinidad and Tobago 1st Generation

12

15

12

13

6

Trinidad and Tobago 2nd Generation

41

5

4

19

13

Colombia - 1st Generation

29

15

19

20

12

Colombia - 2nd Generation

88

10

9

22

13

Pakistan - 1st Generation

11

2

12

57

38

Pakistan - 2nd Generation

28

3

7

68

41

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children with fathers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)

Children with mothers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)

Children whose fathers have four or more years of college education (percent)

Children whose mothers have four or more years of college education (percent)

Costa Rica - 1st Generation

4

16

21

18

10

Costa Rica - 2nd Generation

19

10

10

20

13

Panama - 1st Generation

6

2

8

24

10

Panama - 2nd Generation

33

2

3

26

18

Brazil - 1st Generation

9

11

13

44

31

Brazil - 2nd Generation

21

9

9

38

28

Romania - 1st Generation

11

13

18

34

28

Romania - 2nd Generation

15

7

5

42

34

Spain - 1st Generation

6

30

28

28

15

Spain - 2nd Generation

22

8

8

30

19

Lebanon - 1st Generation

8

28

23

18

11

Lebanon - 2nd Generation

28

10

9

40

24

Jamaica - 1st Generation

40

12

8

14

9

Jamaica - 2nd Generation

92

7

4

21

18

Guyana - 1st Generation

18

12

13

14

4

Guyana - 2nd Generation

28

3

5

27

16

Nigeria - 1st Generation

5

0

4

77

41

Nigeria - 2nd Generation

29

0

1

80

46

China - 1st Generation

34

30

35

28

17

China - 2nd Generation

97

13

15

43

32

Indonesia - 1st Generation

4

9

16

56

27

Indonesia - 2nd Generation

13

1

1

53

36

Iran - 1st Generation

24

4

7

60

29

Iran - 2nd Generation

52

1

1

71

43

Cuba - 1st Generation

27

30

29

11

9

Cuba - 2nd Generation

184

10

7

26

17

Peru - 1st Generation

18

6

8

26

14

Peru - 2nd Generation

43

5

5

30

19

Korea - 1st Generation

67

5

8

46

31

Korea - 2nd Generation

163

1

7

42

27

Syria - 1st Generation

2

16

21

27

14

Syria - 2nd Generation

13

9

9

44

20

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children with fathers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)

Children with mothers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)

Children whose fathers have four or more years of college education (percent)

Children whose mothers have four or more years of college education (percent)

Taiwan - 1st Generation

32

7

7

62

35

Taiwan - 2nd Generation

65

1

3

77

60

Argentina - 1st Generation

10

14

15

31

26

Argentina - 2nd Generation

26

7

4

35

24

Yugoslavia - 1st Generation

5

14

20

28

17

Yugoslavia - 2nd Generation

39

19

19

17

14

Hong Kong - 1st Generation

17

28

31

15

7

Hong Kong - 2nd Generation

39

7

8

53

39

Chile - 1st Generation

5

9

10

28

17

Chile - 2nd Generation

17

4

4

35

23

Australia - 1st Generation

3

1

2

63

32

Australia - 2nd Generation

14

3

0

48

33

Austria - 1st Generation

1

12

3

47

38

Austria - 2nd Generation

20

1

1

45

37

France - 1st Generation

7

7

8

65

45

France - 2nd Generation

34

3

1

45

34

Hungary - 1st Generation

3

5

6

51

32

Hungary - 2nd Generation

22

6

2

38

29

Egypt - 1st Generation

5

2

5

75

59

Egypt - 2nd Generation

25

1

2

66

41

Germany - 1st Generation

16

2

5

47

27

Germany - 2nd Generation

243

2

1

34

22

Greece - 1st Generation

3

24

26

24

12

Greece - 2nd Generation

65

23

18

21

17

Japan - 1st Generation

32

2

2

78

45

Japan - 2nd Generation

68

2

2

44

26

Barbados - 1st Generation

3

10

13

19

12

Barbados - 2nd Generation

11

8

2

18

14

Poland - 1st Generation

18

7

6

32

27

Poland - 2nd Generation

62

6

5

30

22

Turkey - 1st Generation

3

13

17

46

34

Turkey - 2nd Generation

12

9

7

40

32

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children with fathers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)

Children with mothers who have 8 or fewer years of education (percent)

Children whose fathers have four or more years of college education (percent)

Children whose mothers have four or more years of college education (percent)

Italy - 1st Generation

8

33

34

24

16

Italy - 2nd Generation

171

19

15

19

14

Portugal - 1st Generation

14

68

65

3

3

Portugal - 2nd Generation

64

38

34

8

5

United Kingdom 1st Generation

31

1

3

56

27

United Kingdom 2nd Generation

178

1

1

41

26

Canada - 1st Generation

33

4

3

58

31

Canada - 2nd Generation

230

3

2

38

26

South Africa - 1st Generation

5

1

1

63

35

South Africa - 2nd Generation

10

0

1

70

42

Netherlands - 1st Generation

2

0

3

60

34

Netherlands - 2nd Generation

36

2

1

40

26

India - 1st Generation

45

4

9

62

46

India - 2nd Generation

130

1

2

80

63

Philippines - 1st Generation

83

7

9

46

52

Philippines - 2nd Generation

316

3

6

37

45

Ireland - 1st Generation

4

12

7

36

13

Ireland - 2nd Generation

40

4

2

31

20

NOTE: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generations combined.

Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

TABLE B-2E Language Use and Citizenship for First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin for First and Second Generations Separately: 1990

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children who do not speak English at home (percent)

All First-Generation Children

2,084

87

All Second-Generation Children

6,288

58

Third and Later Generations by Race and Ethnicity:

White, Non-Hispanic

40,201

1

Black, Non-Hispanic

8,031

1

Asian, Non-Hispanic

329

3

American Indian

562

7

Hispanic

3,489

15

First- and Second-Generation Children by Country of Origin:

Laos - 1st Generation

49

97

Laos - 2nd Generation

64

95

Cambodia - 1st Generation

30

97

Cambodia - 2nd Generation

34

87

Dominican Republic - 1st Generation

48

97

Dominican Republic - 2nd Generation

131

91

USSR - 1st Generation

38

96

USSR - 2nd Generation

24

57

Mexico - 1st Generation

643

97

Mexico - 2nd Generation

1,975

88

Thailand - 1st Generation

36

95

Thailand - 2nd Generation

33

32

Vietnam - 1st Generation

99

97

Vietnam - 2nd Generation

33

76

Guatemala - 1st Generation

35

98

Guatemala - 2nd Generation

66

83

Honduras - 1st Generation

17

93

Honduras - 2nd Generation

35

69

El Salvador - 1st Generation

77

98

El Salvador - 2nd Generation

126

90

Nicaragua - 1st Generation

39

97

Nicaragua - 2nd Generation

35

75

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children who are not Children who do not speak English exclusively or very well (percent)

Children not U.S. citizens (percent)

U.S. citizens, or who have at least 1 parent in the home who is not a citizen (percent)

45

84

87

19

N/A

59

N/A

 

N/A

N/A

 

N/A

N/A

 

N/A

N/A

 

N/A

N/A

 

N/A

57

89

91

65

N/A

88

62

89

92

54

N/A

80

55

85

89

31

N/A

68

61

83

84

12

N/A

29

59

86

89

32

N/A

74

65

93

94

9

N/A

56

52

78

81

34

N/A

51

56

89

91

26

N/A

76

48

88

92

18

N/A

64

53

89

91

35

N/A

79

58

96

97

22

N/A

69

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children who do not speak English at home (percent)

Haiti - 1st Generation

28

91

Haiti - 2nd Generation

77

67

Jordan - 1st Generation

2

98

Jordan - 2nd Generation

17

55

Belize - 1st Gen.

3

28

Belize - 2nd Gen.

12

14

Iraq - 1st Generation

4

90

Iraq - 2nd Generation

17

62

Ecuador - 1st Generation

12

98

Ecuador - 2nd Generation

52

80

Venezuela - 1st Generation

8

95

Venezuela - 2nd Generation

15

49

Israel - 1st Generation

13

91

Israel - 2nd Generation

46

54

Trinidad and Tobago - 1st Generation

12

7

Trinidad and Tobago - 2nd Generation

41

5

Colombia - 1st Generation

29

96

Colombia - 2nd Generation

88

78

Pakistan - 1st Generation

11

94

Pakistan - 2nd Generation

28

60

Costa Rica - 1st Generation

4

94

Costa Rica - 2nd Generation

19

61

Panama - 1st Generation

6

86

Panama - 2nd Generation

33

32

Brazil - 1st Generation

9

93

Brazil - 2nd Generation

21

50

Romania - 1st Generation

11

91

Romania - 2nd Generation

15

54

Spain - 1st Generation

6

91

Spain - 2nd Generation

22

56

Lebanon - 1st Generation

8

92

Lebanon - 2nd Generation

28

62

Jamaica - 1st Generation

40

7

Jamaica - 2nd Generation

92

6

Guyana - 1st Generation

18

8

Guyana - 2nd Generation

28

7

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children who do not speak English exclusively or very well (percent)

Children not U.S. citizens (percent)

Children who are not U.S. citizens, or who have at least 1 parent in the home who is not a citizen (percent)

47

84

90

21

N/A

71

28

72

79

8

N/A

33

10

72

80

3

N/A

70

13

72

78

10

N/A

37

38

87

90

20

N/A

73

36

90

92

12

N/A

68

28

74

75

15

N/A

31

4

84

86

1

N/A

68

38

87

90

17

N/A

64

29

74

80

14

N/A

46

38

88

91

13

N/A

63

31

77

79

9

N/A

43

47

91

96

11

N/A

68

33

77

79

14

N/A

25

26

83

85

12

N/A

60

26

69

71

12

N/A

32

2

81

85

2

N/A

59

2

80

81

2

N/A

51

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children who do not speak English at home (percent)

Nigeria - 1st Generation

5

59

Nigeria - 2nd Generation

29

15

China - 1st Generation

34

97

China - 2nd Generation

97

74

Indonesia - 1st Generation

4

88

Indonesia - 2nd Generation

13

20

Iran - 1st Generation

24

93

Iran - 2nd Generation

52

49

Cuba - 1st Generation

27

98

Cuba - 2nd Generation

184

77

Peru - 1st Generation

18

98

Peru - 2nd Generation

43

69

Korea - 1st Generation

67

92

Korea - 2nd Generation

163

50

Syria - 1st Generation

2

93

Syria - 2nd Generation

13

52

Taiwan - 1st Generation

32

96

Taiwan - 2nd Generation

65

68

Argentina - 1st Generation

10

96

Argentina - 2nd Generation

26

55

Yugoslavia - 1st Generation

5

94

Yugoslavia - 2nd Generation

39

57

Hong Kong - 1st Generation

17

97

Hong Kong - 2nd Generation

39

66

Chile - 1st Generation

5

94

Chile - 2nd Generation

17

66

Australia - 1st Generation

3

27

Australia - 2nd Generation

14

8

Austria - 1st Generation

1

84

Austria - 2nd Generation

20

22

France - 1st Generation

7

91

France - 2nd Generation

34

35

Hungary - 1st Generation

3

99

Hungary - 2nd Generation

22

35

Egypt - 1st Generation

5

88

Egypt - 2nd Generation

25

48

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children who do not speak English exclusively or very well (percent)

Children not U.S. citizens (percent)

Children who are not U.S. citizens, or who have at least 1 parent in the home who is not a citizen (percent)

27

89

89

3

N/A

81

63

83

85

23

N/A

32

43

89

92

6

N/A

37

34

89

90

10

N/A

57

36

84

89

15

N/A

42

42

88

89

16

N/A

59

38

81

85

14

N/A

43

35

77

77

10

N/A

37

41

80

81

16

N/A

39

26

89

91

12

N/A

50

22

77

86

8

N/A

39

54

77

78

22

N/A

23

32

87

90

12

N/A

57

3

93

95

3

N/A

71

32

68

71

7

N/A

26

30

90

91

5

N/A

49

28

75

81

11

N/A

20

27

65

67

10

N/A

28

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

 

Number of children (thousands)

Children who do not speak English at home (percent)

Germany - 1st Generation

16

69

Germany - 2nd Generation

243

14

Greece - 1st Generation

3

87

Greece - 2nd Generation

65

69

Japan - 1st Generation

32

94

Japan - 2nd Generation

68

34

Barbados - 1st Generation

3

7

Barbados - 2nd Generation

11

2

Poland - 1st Generation

18

96

Poland - 2nd Generation

62

55

Turkey - 1st Generation

3

87

Turkey - 2nd Generation

12

45

Italy - 1st Generation

8

85

Italy - 2nd Generation

171

35

Portugal - 1st Generation

14

96

Portugal - 2nd Generation

64

69

United Kingdom - 1st Generation

31

19

United Kingdom - 2nd Generation

178

5

Canada - 1st Generation

33

30

Canada - 2nd Generation

230

7

South Africa - 1st Generation

5

18

South Africa - 2nd Generation

10

7

Netherlands - 1st Generation

2

77

Netherlands - 2nd Generation

36

9

India - 1st Generation

45

84

India - 2nd Generation

130

53

Philippines - 1st Generation

83

75

Philippines - 2nd Generation

316

21

Ireland - 1st Generation

4

17

Ireland - 2nd Generation

40

4

NOTE: Countries are listed from highest to lowest official poverty rate for first and second generations combined.

Source: Hernandez and Darke (1998).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
×

Children who do not speak English exclusively or very well (percent)

Children not U.S. citizens (percent)

Children who are not U.S. citizens, or who have at least 1 parent in the home who is not a citizen (percent)

15

78

84

4

N/A

34

27

58

69

10

N/A

34

66

96

97

10

N/A

62

2

72

76

1

N/A

53

31

80

86

9

N/A

45

18

79

84

5

N/A

44

21

60

71

7

N/A

37

28

80

85

12

N/A

58

3

90

92

1

N/A

59

5

91

92

2

N/A

57

4

84

84

2

N/A

43

10

89

88

3

N/A

41

24

84

90

10

N/A

60

27

72

76

5

N/A

36

5

87

90

0

N/A

44

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Page 245
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Page 246
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Page 248
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Page 249
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Page 250
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Page 251
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Page 253
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Page 254
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Page 255
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Page 256
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Page 257
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Page 258
Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Socioeconomic and Demographic Indicators." Institute of Medicine and National Research Council. 1998. From Generation to Generation: The Health and Well-Being of Children in Immigrant Families. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/6164.
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Next: Appendix C: Glossary »
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Immigrant children and youth are the fastest growing segment of the U.S. population, and so their prospects bear heavily on the well-being of the country. However, relevant public policy is shaped less by informed discussion than by politicized contention over welfare reform and immigration limits.

From Generation to Generation explores what we know about the development of white, black, Hispanic, and Asian children and youth from numerous countries of origin. Describing the status of immigrant children and youth as "severely understudied," the committee both draws on and supplements existing research to characterize the current status and outlook of immigrant children.

The book discusses the many factors—family size, fluency in English, parent employment, acculturation, delivery of health and social services, and public policies—that shape the outlook for the lives of these children and youth. The committee makes recommendations for improved research and data collection designed to advance knowledge about these children and, as a result, their visibility in current policy debates.

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