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Index A Aggregate-level research, 68 Agricultural Research Service, 25, 41, 68, 72 Agricultural Runoff Model, 53 Agricultural Stabilization and Conservation Service, 41 Agricultural Department (USDA), xv, 19, 30. See also Soil Conservation Service B Bureau of Land Management, 30 C C (correction) factor, WEE, 54, 57 C (vegetative cover and management) factor, USLE, xviii, 37-38, 40-52, 78 Chemicals, Runoff, and Erosion from Agricultural Management Systems, 53 Clean tillage, 16 Concentrated flow erosion, 34. See also Ephemeral gully erosion Conservation Needs Inventory, 4 Conservation practices, xvi contour farming, 16, 38, 53 conservation tillage, 16, 47-48, 60, 76, 78-81, 84 distribution and effectiveness, 16-18, 53, 75-76 ephemeral gully erosion, 60 erosion reduction goals, 83-84 grassland waterways, 36, 53, 59, 60 minimum tillage, 16 no-till farming, 16, 50, 53 NRI applications, 3, 82 P. factor, 36, 38 permanent vegetative cover, 90-91 stripcropping, 16, 36, 38, 53 targeting of activities, 83 terracing, 16, 36, 38, 53, 60 water contamination problems, 32 Conservation reserve program, 6, 91, 92, 94 Conservation tillage definition, 16 distribution and effectiveness, 16, 47-48, 76, 78-81 ephemeral gully erosion, 60 water quality concerns, 84 Contour farming, 16, 38, 53 Cooperative State Research Service, 68 Corn Belt, 11, 12, 76, 77, 81 Corn production, C factor, 45 Cropland, 8 C factor, 40, 45 class IIIe, variations in erosion potential, 86-88 concentration of erosion, 13-16, 81-82 erosion rates, 8, 11, 12 land converted to, erosion and productivity problems, 90-91 T values, 9 Data compilation and dissemination additional data requirements, xix distribution of NRI computer tapes, 25-26 presentation of published data, 23-25 remote sensing information, xix-xx, 26-30 statistical documentation needs, 21-23 supplemental NRI data, xvii 111
112 upgrading SCS inventory and monitoring functions, 21 water quality data, 3-4, 31-33 Defense Department, 30 Drinking water, xix E Economic Research Service, 41, 68, 72 Energy Department, 30 Environmental Protection Agency, 4, 30 Ephemeral gully erosion control methods, 60 definition, 34-35, 59 estimation methods, 59-60 extent and magnitude of, 60 and land classification discrepancies, 88 NRI applications, xvi-xvii, xix research needs, 60-61 Erosion effects, 62 long-term production costs, 64-66 long-term productivity, 67-68 short-term production costs, 63-64 social costs, 72 technological change and, 66-67 water quality, 72-74 Erosion Productivity Impact Calculator (EPIC), 53, 69, 72, 83, 93 Erosion-productivity models, xviii, 52-53, 68-69, 74, 84 EPIC, 53, 69, 72, 83, 93 PI, 53, 69-71, 83, 93 Erosion-productivity relationship, xviii, xix, 3 Erosion Reconnaissance Survey of 1936, 1 Erosion studies, 34 erosion prediction equations, xvi-xvii erosion trends, 1979-1982, 2 highly erodible land, definition, 91 historical perspective, xiii-xiv NRI applications, xvi soil formation and loss rates, 8 See also National Resources Inventory (NRI), 1982 Extension Service, 68 F Farm program expenditures, 91 Federal lands, NRI extension to, xv, xix, 30-31 INDEX Forest Service, 30, 41 Forestland, 4, 8 C factor, 45 erosion rates, 8, 11 Fragile Soils Work Group, USDA, 59, 84 G Georgia, 76, 77 Grassed waterways, 36, 53, 59, 60 H Hay cropland, 38, 40, 91 Hydrogeological data base, xvii Hydrologic Simulation Program in Fortran, 53 I I (soil erodibility) factor, WEE, 54, 57 Inherent erosion potential, 40-41 Interior Department, 30 Inventory function, SCS, 19, 20 Iowa, 11, 12, 76, 77 Iowa Geological Survey, 32 Iowa State University, 23 K K (soil erodibility) factor, USLE, 36-37 K (soil ridge roughness) value, WEE, 55 L L (length of slope) factor, USLE, 36, 37 L (unsheltered distance) factor, WEE, 55 Land Capability Class System (LCCS), 43, 85-94 class IIIe, variation in erosion potential, 86-88 description, 23, 85 improvement recommendations, 86 limitations and inconsistencies, 85-86 proposed alternatives to, 91-94 regional analyses of inconsistencies, 88-90 usefulness in conservation planning, 90 Land classification schemes, xvi according to erosion rates, 3, 23, 41, 92 according to wind erosion hazard, 59, 92 proposed systems, 92-94 shortcomings, 94
INDEX M Major Land Resource Areas (MLRAs), 41 MLRA 103, 42, 50, 70, 71, 79, 81 MLRA 105, 42, 50, 71, 79 MLRA 108, 70, 71 MLRA 109, 71 MLRA 113, 71 MLRA 115, 70, 71 MLRA 134, 42, 79, 81 MLRA 136, 42, 50, 79, 88, 89 Megarill erosion, 34. See also Ephemeral -gully erosion Minimum tillage, 16 Minneapolis, 57 Missouri, 26, 83 Models. See Erosion-productivity models Monitoring function, SCS, 19, 20 Mulch-factor value, 45-47 N National Cooperative Soil Survey Program, 85 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, 4, 30 National Resources Inventories (NRIs), 19-33 cost considerations, 20 distribution of computer tapes, 25-26 extension to federal lands, xv, xix, 30-31 improvement recommendations, overview of, xiv-xx, 19-20, 78 presentation of published data, xvii, 23-25 sensing technologies use in, xix-xx, 26-30 statistical documentation needs, 21-23 upgrading SCS inventory and monitoring functions, 21 water quality issues, 31-33 National Resources Inventory (NRI), 1977, 1, 83 data publication, xvii 1982 NRI data compared, 4-5 sheet and rill erosion data, 81 Soils-5 file linkage, 26 wind erosion estimates, 54, 56, 88 National Resources Inventory (NRI), 1982 113 concentration of erosion, 13-16 content and methodology, xiv, 1-2, 19, 98-108 cost, 1 data publication, xvii, 24 identification of needs and opportunities, 3 land use data, 7-8 LCCS inconsistencies, 85-94 1977 NRI data compared, 4-5 soil classification according to erosion rates, 3 soil conservation practices on cropland, 16-18, 75-76 soil erosion rates, 8 Soils-5 file linkage, 26 T values, 8-12 as tool for research and policy analysis, 6-7, 82 trend analysis, 2 water quality issues, 3-4, 73-74 wind erosion estimates, xvi, 54-56 National Technical Centers, SCS, 23 Nitrate contamination, xix, 4 Nonpoint Source Model, 53 No-till farming, 16, 50, 53 o Ohio, 77 p P (supporting conservation practices) factor, USLE, 36, 38, 40 Pastureland, 11, 91. See also Rangeland Policy options, xvi, 4, 6-7, 82 conservation reserve, 6, 91, 92, 94 erosion reduction goals, 83-84 sodbuster provision, 6, 91 targeting of conservation activities, 83 Production costs. See Erosion effects Productivity index (PI) model, 53, 69-71, 83, 93 R R (rainfall) factor, USLE, 36, 88 Rangeland, 8 C factor, 48 erosion rates, 8, 11, 12 federal land, NRI extension to, 31 T values, 9, 11 USLE unsuitability to, 36 Reduced tillage, 16
114 Remote sensing, xix-xx, 26-30 Resource Conservation Act (RCA), 72 C factor, 40, 45, 50 concentration of erosion, 13-16, 81-82 effects on erosion, xviii erosion rates, 8 Runoff, xix, 32, 36 S S (steepness of slope) factor, USLE, 36, 37 Science and Technology Policy, Office of, 30 Sheet and rill erosion class IIIe cropland, 86-88 concentration of, on cropland, 13, 14, 81-82 inherent erosion potential, 40-41 NRI applications, 3 rates, 8, 11, 12 T value relationship, 11 See also Universal Soil Loss Equation Sodbuster policies, 6, 91 Soil and Water Resources Conservation Act of 1977, 1, 19-20 Soil Conservation Act of 1935, xiii Soil conservation reserve, 6, 91, 92, 94 Soil Conservation Service (SCS), xiii, 1 distribution of computer tapes, 25-26 EPIC model, 72 erosion-productivity research, 68 guidelines on inherent erosion potential, 41 presentation of published data, 24-25 statistical documentation needs, 21-23 upgrading of inventory and monitoring functions, 19, 20 USLE improvements, 53 Soil loss tolerance limits (T), xviii, 8-12 Soils-5 file, xvii, 3, 69 NRI linkage, 25-26 Statistical documentation needs, 21-23 Stripcropping, 16, 36, 38, 53 Surface runoff, xix, 32, 36 T T (tolerance) values, xviii, 8-12, 84, 93 Technological change erosion effects and, 66-67 Terracing, 16, 36, 38, 53, 60 INDEX U Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE), xvi, xvii, 19, 24, 34-53 C-factor values, uncertainties associated wish, 44 48 C factor, role in controlling erosion, 41-44 ephemeral gully erosion, 59 improvement recommendations, 48, 52-53 mulch-factor value, 45-47 1982 NRI values, 38-41 sheet and rill erosion applications, 34, 35 simulated erosion rates, 48-52 variables defined, 36-38 water pollution problems, 74 U.S. Geological Survey, 4, 30, 32 V V (vegetative cover) factor, WEE, 55 Vegetative cover C factor, USLE, xviii, 37-38, 40-52, 78 as conservation practice, 90-91 grassed waterways, 36, 53, 59, 60 W Water pollution erosion damage, 72-73 NRI applications, xviii-xix, 3-4, 25, 31-33, 73-74 Wind erosion, 81 concentration of, on cropland, 13, 15, 16 and land classification discrepancies, 88 NRI estimates, xvi rates, 8 T value relationship, 11 Wind Erosion Equation (WEE), xvi, xvii, xix, 19, 24, 26, 34, 54-59 improvement recommendations, 56-59 limitations, 56 variables defined, 54-55 y Yield Soil Loss Simulator, 72
