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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This report has been reviewed by a group other than the authors according to procedures approved by a Report Review Committee consisting of members of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
This report and the study on which it is based were supported by Contract No. DTNH22-94-G-07414 from the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, U.S. Department of Transportation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
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STANDING COMMITTEE TO REVIEW THE RESEARCH PROGRAM OF THE PARTNERSHIP FOR A NEW GENERATION OF VEHICLES
TREVOR O. JONES (chair),
NAE,1 Biomec, Inc., Cleveland, Ohio
ALEXIS T. BELL,
NAE, University of California, Berkeley
HARRY E. COOK,
NAE, University of Illinois, Champaign-Urbana
DAVID E. FOSTER,
University of Wisconsin, Madison
NORMAN GJOSTEIN,
NAE, University of Michigan, Dearborn
DAVID HAGEN,
Ford Motor Company (retired), Dearborn, Michigan
JOHN HEYWOOD,
NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
FRITZ KALHAMMER,
Electric Power Research Institute (retired), Palo Alto, California
JOHN G. KASSAKIAN,
NAE, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge
HAROLD H. KUNG,
Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois
CRAIG MARKS,
NAE, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor
JOHN NEWMAN,
NAE, University of California, Berkeley
JEROME G. RIVARD,
NAE, Global Technology and Business Development, Harrison Township, Michigan
VERNON P. ROAN,
University of Florida, Palm Beach Gardens
Subgroup on Systems Analysis and Electrical and Electronic Systems
JEROME G. RIVARD (chair)
JOHN HEYWOOD
JOHN G. KASSAKIAN
Subgroup on Batteries
JOHN NEWMAN (chair)
FRITZ KALHAMMER
VERNON P. ROAN
Subgroup on Fuels
CRAIG MARKS (chair)
ALEXIS T. BELL
DAVID E. FOSTER
HAROLD H. KUNG
Subgroup on Fuel Cells
VERNON P. ROAN (chair)
ALEXIS T. BELL
FRITZ KALHAMMER
HAROLD H. KUNG
JOHN NEWMAN
Subgroup on Internal-Combustion Engines and Emissions Control
DAVID E. FOSTER (chair)
ALEXIS T. BELL
DAVID HAGEN
JOHN HEYWOOD
CRAIG MARKS
Subgroup on Materials
HARRY E. COOK (chair)
NORMAN GJOSTEIN
DAVID HAGEN
Subgroup on Cost Analysis
TREVOR O. JONES (chair)
DAVID HAGEN
JEROME G. RIVARD
Liaison Member from the Board on Energy and Environmental Systems
JAMES SWEENEY,
Stanford University, Stanford, California
Project Staff
JAMES ZUCCHETTO, director,
Board on Energy and Environmental Systems (BEES)
NAN HUMPHREY, senior program officer,
Transportation Research Board
SUSANNA E. CLARENDON, senior project assistant and financial associate,
(BEES)
CAROL R. ARENBERG, editor,
Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems
BOARD ON ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SYSTEMS
ROBERT L. HIRSCH (chair),
Advanced Power Technologies, Inc., Washington, D.C.
RICHARD MESERVE (vice chair),
Covington and Burling, Washington, D.C.
RICHARD E. BALZHISER,
NAE,1 Electric Power Research Institute, Inc. (retired), Menlo Park, California
EVERETT H. BECKNER,
Lockheed Martin Corporation, Albuquerque, New Mexico
E. GAIL DE PLANQUE,
NAE, U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (retired), Potomac, Maryland
WILLIAM L. FISHER,
NAE, University of Texas, Austin
CHRISTOPHER FLAVIN,
Worldwatch Institute, Washington, D.C.
WILLIAM FULKERSON,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory (retired) and University of Tennessee, Knoxville
ROY G. GORDON,
NAS,2 Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
EDWIN E. KINTNER,
NAE, GPU Nuclear Corporation (retired), Norwich, Vermont
ROBERT W. SHAW, JR.,
Aretê Corporation, Center Harbor, New Hampshire
K. ANNE STREET, GEO-CENTERS,
Rockville, Maryland
JAMES SWEENEY,
Stanford University, Stanford, California
KATHLEEN C. TAYLOR,
NAE, General Motors Corporation, Warren, Michigan
JACK WHITE,
The Winslow Group, LLC, Fairfax, Virginia
JOHN J. WISE,
NAE, Mobil Research and Development Company (retired), Princeton, New Jersey
Liaison from the Commission on Engineering and Technical Systems
RUTH M. DAVIS,
NAE, Pymatuning Group, Inc. Alexandria, Virginia
LAWRENCE T. PAPAY,
NAE, Bechtel Technology and Consulting, San Francisco, California
Staff
JAMES ZUCCHETTO, director
RICHARD CAMPBELL, program officer
SUSANNA CLARENDON, financial associate
CRISTELLYN BANKS, project assistant
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Acknowledgments
The committee wishes to thank all the members of the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles who contributed significantly of their time and effort to this National Research Council study, whether by giving presentations at meetings, providing responses to committee requests for information, or hosting site visits. The committee also acknowledges the valuable contributions of organizations outside the Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles that provided information on advanced vehicle technologies and development initiatives. Finally, the chairman wishes to recognize the committee members and the staff of the Board on Energy and Environmental Systems of the National Research Council for their hard work organizing and planning committee meetings and for their individual efforts in gathering information and writing sections of the report.
This report has been reviewed by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council's (NRC's) Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the authors and the NRC in making the published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The content of the review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the follow individuals for their participation in the review of this report: Gary Borman, University of Wisconsin; L. Gary Byrd, Consulting Engineer; Dale Compton, Purdue University; Robert Frosch, Harvard University; Theodore Geballe, Stanford University; Phillip Myers, University of Wisconsin; F. Stan Settles, University of Southern California; Karl J.
Springer, Southwest Research Institute (retired); Edgar Starke, Jr., University of Virginia; Supramaniam Srivnivasan, Princeton University; and Brijesh Vyas, Lucent Technologies.
While the individuals listed above have provided constructive comments and suggestions, responsibility for the final content of this report rests solely with the authoring committee and the NRC.
Tables and Figures
Tables
2-1 |
Current Performance Characteristics and Targets of CIDI Engine Systems |
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2-2 |
Design Targets and Present Performance for Short-Term Energy Storage |
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2-3 |
Weight-Reduction Targets for the Goal 3 Vehicle |
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2-4 |
Materials Road Map: Weight-Savings Potential and Technical Challenges |
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2-5 |
Material Cost Targets |
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4-1 |
PNGV Total Government Budget Authority |
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4-2 |
Comparisons of Square-Tube Axial Energy Absorbers |
Figures