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ECONOMIC, LEGAL, AND PRACTICAL PROBLEMS IN HAZARDOUS WASTE 172 CLEANUP AND MANAGEMENT original typesetting files. Page breaks are true to the original; line lengths, word breaks, heading styles, and other typesetting-specific formatting, however, cannot be About this PDF file: This new digital representation of the original work has been recomposed from XML files created from the original paper book, not from the retained, and some typographic errors may have been accidentally inserted. Please use the print version of this publication as the authoritative version for attribution. that these actions have controlled the source of pollution to an acceptable degree pending final, long-term cleanup of the groundwater and of sediments in the swamp and creek. In the meantime, a fence has been constructed around the site, and warning signs have been posted to limit public access and exposure. The state's initial action cost nearly $1.7 million. It was paid for from the state's Water Quality Assurance Trust Fund and was completed in November 1984. The DER was awarded a court judgment of $12 million in the case, but received only $30,000 from the sale of a repossessed truck. Remaining federally funded cleanup activities will begin soon after completion of the Superfund feasibility study in early 1986. The feasibility study will include a risk assessment and will be used to determine the final action taken at Sapp. ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS Cost-Effectiveness Once it has been determined what will be cleaned up and to what degree, we must examine the cost-effectiveness of cleanup alternatives. Two case studiesâone involving incineration; the other, onsite treatmentâillustrate the economic questions involved as well as the interaction of social, policy, and governmental issues. Jacksonville A plan to incinerate oil and soil tainted with polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) was rejected in February 1985 by local government officials in Baldwin âa town of 1,700 near Jacksonvilleâbecause of local distrust of outside government and concerns about health and safety. Baldwin residents perceived their town as a dumping ground for Jacksonville when an out-of-state company mishandled Jacksonville's sewage sludge and left a foul-smelling mess in 1981. Although the state forced the company off its property two years later, the experience left residents disillusioned with government. This distrust was compounded by local fear of burning PCBs as the Environmental Protection Agency presented its proposal to incinerate 100,000 gallons of PCB-laced oil and 3,900 tons of contaminated soil. A Baldwin resident was quoted as saying, "From what happened with the sludge, there's a feeling we can't count on anybody downtown (in Jacksonville) to do what they say they're going to do."
