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APPENDIX E TABLE E-1. APPROXIMATE COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH SOME EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES* Study and Agency Comments Cost 1. Respiratory Health Designed to test adequacy of $700,000 to Effects of Sulfur current ambient air quality $1,000,000 Oxides and Respirable standards in protecting public annually. Part iculates ~ "Six health. Began 1974 . City Study" ~ . Interview 9000 adults every NIEHS, EPA, Electric three years; 11,000 Power Research children in grades 1-6 Institute (EPRI). each year. Includes indoor- outdoor air monitoring and personal monitoring to identify exposures. Data collection to continue through mid-1983. 2. Case-control Located 3000 cases from $1.3 million study for bladder Surveillance, Epidemiology, above SEER cancer-saccharin and End Results Program costs. association. NCI/FDA. ( SEER) files, used 6000 controls . Control led for smoking, occupat ion, et c . 3. Framingham Heart Prospective study for more FY 1980-83, Study. NHLBI. than 30 years. Following 5000 $2.5 million people in initial cohort, over three 5000 offspring. Includes years. physiologic measures, occupation,and geographic information. 4. Honolulu Heart Prospective study of 8000 men $3 million Study. NHLBI. of Japanese ancestry living over five- on Oahu. Began 1965. Look for year period, risk factors in a population ending in with traditionally low levels 1984. Of heart disease, and with particular lifestyle and diet. id for this ION comer ittee by Barbara Mandula. These costs are only approximate. E-1
TABLE E-1 (cont'd. ). APPROXIMATE COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH SOME EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES 5. National Will sample about 5000 $2 million. Occupational Hazard industrial sites in U.S Twenty people Survey. (NOMS II). Purpose is to estimate numbers in field for NIOSH. of workers exposed to specific two years. indust ria 1 compound s . 6. Retrospective Study 2000-10,000 people from $200,000- cohort mortality an industrial plant to learn if $300,000, study. NIOSH. they have died. Takes 15-20 in-house. personyears, over a period of Includes about three years. personnel, industrial hygiene work, document ation, travel, computer time. 7. Case-control Review 50-300 cases. study, morbidity or mortality. NIOSH. 8. Cross-sectional medical study of current workers. NIOSH. $50,000. Covers costs listed in #6 above. 50 workers with controls, $20,000- $50,000. With 400-500 people, cost is $200,000. Covers costs listed in #6 above. 9. Contract between Study long-term health effects Companies United Rubber Workers in workers in four companies contribute 1¢ Union and University that manufacture automobile per man-hour of North Carolina tires. Includes retrospective worked (about School of Public and prospective studies to $20 per year Health. (Harvard relate exposure to health per worker). University School effects. Began 1971. Pays of Public Health Approximately 50,000 workers university has similar program. ~ in UNC program. costs. E-2
TABLE E-1 (cont'd. ). APPROXIMATE COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH SOM1: EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES = St udy and Agency Comment s Co s t 10. Po lybrominated Clinical studies on 5000 people $500 ,000 per biphenyls. CDC. in Michigan exposed to PBB. year. Follo~up on 1/4 of population Includes each year. lab tests. 11. Love Canal. CDC. Special tests, laboratory Estimated studies on 1000 residents and costs: 1000 controls. Proposed study. $4 million to $6 mi [lion. Does not include fo 1 1 ow-up studies . 12 . Three Mi le Is land (TMI) "Census e t' CDC. Mt . St . He lens . Two-page questionnaire on 37 ,000 $350,000. people within five miles of TMI. Precautionary. Collection and evaluation of $700,000 data on admissions to emergency FY 1980. In area or Increase rooms In 40 hospitals volcano during 1980. noted in transient respiratory illness during two weeks follow- ing eruption in areas where ash greater than 1/2 inch. People with bronchitis, asthma especially affected. Planning long-term follow-up. 14. National Since 1970. Eighty hospitals Nosocomial Infections report each month. Survey (NNIS). CDC. E-3 Costs CDC $60,000 per year. Hospit al s about $25,000 per year each.
TABLE E-1. APPROXIMATE COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH SOME EPIDEMIOLOGIC STUDIES Study and _ Agency_ _ 15. Study of St rat if fed random sample of 350 $15 million. Efficacy of Nosocomial hospitals. Analyzed patient Infect ion Control discharge records, 500 from 1970, ARSENIC). CDC. 500 from 1976 for each hospital. Collected data on program to prevent nosocomial infections (NJ) in 1976. (No program in 1970. ~ Looked for changes in incidence of NI to correlate with program. 16. Health Effects of Setting up data base of all $5 million Low Level Radiation in workers from eight shipyards. over five- Shipyard Workers. Will have about 500,000 year DOE. individuals, including period. about 50,000 women. Info`~a- t ion on radiat ion history, but also occupation, socio- economic status, illness, etc. Began 1978. E-4
