National Academies Press: OpenBook
« Previous: Appendix D: Geotechnical Design Reports, Rock Tunnels and Earth Tunnels
Suggested Citation:"Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1984. Geotechnical Site Investigations for Underground Projects: Volume 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/919.
×
Page 155
Suggested Citation:"Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1984. Geotechnical Site Investigations for Underground Projects: Volume 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/919.
×
Page 156
Suggested Citation:"Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1984. Geotechnical Site Investigations for Underground Projects: Volume 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/919.
×
Page 157
Suggested Citation:"Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1984. Geotechnical Site Investigations for Underground Projects: Volume 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/919.
×
Page 158
Suggested Citation:"Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1984. Geotechnical Site Investigations for Underground Projects: Volume 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/919.
×
Page 159
Suggested Citation:"Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1984. Geotechnical Site Investigations for Underground Projects: Volume 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/919.
×
Page 160
Suggested Citation:"Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1984. Geotechnical Site Investigations for Underground Projects: Volume 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/919.
×
Page 161
Suggested Citation:"Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1984. Geotechnical Site Investigations for Underground Projects: Volume 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/919.
×
Page 162
Suggested Citation:"Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1984. Geotechnical Site Investigations for Underground Projects: Volume 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/919.
×
Page 163
Suggested Citation:"Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1984. Geotechnical Site Investigations for Underground Projects: Volume 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/919.
×
Page 164
Suggested Citation:"Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1984. Geotechnical Site Investigations for Underground Projects: Volume 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/919.
×
Page 165
Suggested Citation:"Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1984. Geotechnical Site Investigations for Underground Projects: Volume 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/919.
×
Page 166
Suggested Citation:"Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1984. Geotechnical Site Investigations for Underground Projects: Volume 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/919.
×
Page 167
Suggested Citation:"Selected Bibliography." National Research Council. 1984. Geotechnical Site Investigations for Underground Projects: Volume 1. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/919.
×
Page 168

Below is the uncorrected machine-read text of this chapter, intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text of each book. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

Selected Bibliography The publications listed herein fall into three basic categories: • The majority are more-or-less related to site investigations, in- cluding both field and laboratory work. Also included in this category are publications on ground classification systems and behavior predic- tions, which are two major products of a good site investigation. • Some of the publications are textbook-like volumes which contain good background material on almost all aspects of tunnels and shafts. Practically all of them contain sections on site investigations and ground classification systems. Deserving special mention are the pro- ceedings of the Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference (RETC), which are so wide-ranging as to constitute an advanced text. Sponsored by ASCE and AIME every two to three years, six of these conferences have been held since 1972. They attract technical papers from almost every specialty associated with mining, tunneling, and shaft construction. Each proceedings, although presupposing some knowledge of each subject covered, is an easily obtained storehouse of information on up-to-date design, construction, and site investigations. • Many of the publications are technical papers that provided back- ground material on one or more of the projects that were researched for this study. The papers appeared in newsletters, technical journals, symposia proceedings, and other sources generally available to the pub- lic at large. Not listed are the scores of site investigation reports and con- struction history reports compiled by project owners or their geotech- nical consultants for specific sites and jobs. Even when made part of a contract document package, such reports are not readily available to the public and little purpose would be served by publishing their titles. American SOciety of Civil Engineers. 1971. Underground Rock Chambers (National Meeting on water Resources Engineering). New York, N.Y.: American Society of Civil Engineers. 567 pp. Ash, J.L., B.E. Russel, and R.R. Rommel. 1974. Improved Subsurface In- vestigation for Highway Tunnel Design and Construction: Volume 1, Subsurface Investigation Syatea Planning (Report FHWA-RD-74-29, Fed- eral Highway Administration). Springfield, Va.: National Technical Information Service. 398 pp. 155

Attewell, P.B., and C.R. Clark. 1980. •site Investigation: How Much Should be Done.• Tunnels and Tunnelling 11(10):11-12. Aufmuth, R.E. 1974. •A Systematic Determination of Engineering Criteria for Rock. • Bull. Assoc. Bng. Geologists XI (11). Baguelin, F., and J.F. Jezequel. 1974. •The Self-Boring Placement Method of Soil Characteristics Measurements.• Proceedings, Conference on Subsurface Exploration for Underground Excavation and Heavy Construc- tion. New York, N.Y.: American Society of Civil Engineers. Baker, R.N., and A.F. Smith. 1975. •conventional and Advanced Interpre- tative Techniques Applied to ERTS-1 Data: A New Tool for the Geolo- gist.• Bull. Assoc. Bng. Geologists XII(2). Baker, W.H., E.J. Cording, and H.H. MacPherson. 1983. •compaction Grout- ing to Control Ground Movements during Tunneling. • Underground Space 7(3):205-212. Barton, N., R. Lien, and J. Lunde. 1975. •Estimation of Support Require- ments for Underground Excavation. • pp. 163-177 in Deaign lletbocls in Rock Mechanics (Proceedings, 16th u.s. Symposium on ROck Mechanics). New York, N.Y.: American Society of Civil Engineers. Bates, R.L., and J.A. Jackson, eds. 1980. Glossary of Geology (2nd edition). Falls Church, Va.: American Geological Institute. 751 pp. Bennett, R.D. 1981. Tunnel Coet-Batimating Metbocls (Report No. GL-81- 10). Vicksburg, Miss.: u.s. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Sta- tion. 238 pp. Benson, R.P., D.K. Murphy, and D.R. McCreath. 1970. •Modulus Testing of Rock at the Churchill Falls Underground Powerhouse. • Deteraination of the In-Situ Modulus of Deformation of Rock (Special Technical Publica- tion 477). Philadelphia, Pa.: American Society for Testing and Materials. Bickel, J.O., and T.R. Kuesel, eds. 1982. Tunnel Engineering Handbook. New York, N.Y.: Van Nostrand Reinhold. 657 pp. Bieniawski, Z.T. 1973. Engineering Classification of Jointed Rock Masa- es and its Application (Report ME/1173/4, Geomechanics Division). Pre- toria, South Africa: Council for Scientific and Industrial Research. Bieniawski, z.T., ed. 1976, 1977. Exploration for Rock Engineering (Proceedings of the symposium, November 1976). Rotterdam, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema. Bieniawski, z.T. 1977. •eesign Investigations for ROck Caverns in south Africa. • Storage in Excavated Rock Caverns (Proceedings of the sym- posium, Stockholm). Oxford, England: Pergamon Press. Bieniawski, Z.T. 1979. Tunnel Deaign by Rock Masa Claasifications (Technical Report GL-79-19). Vicksburg, Miss.: u.s. Army Engineer waterways Experiment Station. 131 pp. Bieniawski, Z.T. 1984. Rock Mechanics Design in Mining and Tunneling. Boston/Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema. 281 pp. Blackey, E.A., Jr. 1979. •Park River Auxiliary Tunnel.• J. Construc- tion Division, ASCB:34l-349. Blindheim, O.T. 1976. •preinvestigations, Resistance to Blasting and Drillability Predictions in Hard Rock Tunnelling. • Mechanical Boring or Drill and Blast Tunneling (Proceedings, 1st u.s.-swedish Underground Workshop). Stockholm, Sweden: svensk Byggtjanst. 277 pp. Blindheim, O.T. 1979. •Drillability Predictions in Hard Rock Tunnel- ling. • Proceedings, Tunnelling '79. London, England: Institution of Mining and Metallurgy. 156

Brekke, T.L., and F.A. Jorstad, eds. 1970. Large Permanent Underground Opening• (Proceedings of the international symposium, 1969). Oslo, Norway: Universitetsforlaget. 372 pp. British Tunnelling Society. 1982. •Prediction and Reality in Tunnel Site Investigation.• Tunnels and Tunnelling (April):55-56. Brown, E.T., ed. 1981. Rock Characterization, Testing, and Monitoring (International Society for Rock Mechanics). Oxford, England: Pergamon Press. Brown, E.T., and E. Hoek. 1978. •Trends in Relationship Between Measured In Situ Stresses and Depth. • Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geomech. Abatr. 15:211-215. Brown, R.s., and J.S. Redpath. 1979. •Ingenious Employment of Modern Equipment at Brunswick Mining.• Tbe Northern Miner (April):l-4. Toronto, Canada: Richard c. Pearce (publisher). Bullock, R.L., and H.J. Jacoby, eds. 1981. Proceedings, 1981 Rapid Ex- cavation and Tunneling Conference. Littleton, Colo.: Society of Min- ing Engineers, AIME. Bullock, S.J. 1978. •The Case for Using Multi-channel Seismic Refraction Equipment and Techniques in Site Investigations. • Bull. Assoc. Bng. Geologists XV(l). California Department of water Resources. 1963. Plate Bearing Tests at Oroville Powerhouee Site (Rock Mechanics Report RM-3). sacramento: California Department of water Resources. California Department of water Resources. 1963. Static Strese Deterai- nations at Oroville Underground Powerhouse (Rock Mechanics Report RM-4). Sacramento: California Department of Water Resources. Carabelli, E. 1970. •Improvements in Geophysical Methods for Measuring Elastic Properties of Foundation Rocks. • Procee4ings, 2nd Congress of the International SOciety for Rock Mechanics. Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Institut za Vodoprivredu •Jaroslav Cerni.• Carlsson, A., and T. Olsson, eds. 1982. Characterization of Deep-Seated Rock Masees by Means of Borehole Investigations (Research and Devel- opment Report 5:1). Stockholm: Swedish State Power Board. 155 pp. Casey, E.F., and J.G. Ruggiero. 1982. •The Red Hook Intercepting Sewer• (Paper No. 408). Municipal Engineers J.:32-52. Cedergren, H.R. 1967. Drainage and Flow Nets. New York, N.Y.: John Wiley and Sons. Clough, G.W., B.P. Sweeney, and R.J. Finno. 1982. •Measured Soil Re- sponse to Advanced Shield Tunneling. • J. Geotech. Bng. Division, ASCE 109(2):131-149. Cording, E.J. 1974. •Measurements of Displacements in Tunnels.• Pro- ceedings, second International Conference on Engineering Geology. sao Paulo, Brazil: Associacao Brasileira de Geologico de Engenharia. Cording, E.J., A.J. Hendron, Jr., W.H. Hansmire, J.W. Mahar, H.H. MacPher- son, R.A. Jones, and T.D. O'Rourke. 1975. Methods for Geotechnical Observations and Instrumentation in Tunneling. washington, D.C.: National Science Foundation. Critchfield, J.W., and G.s. Brierley. 1983. •Managing Subsurface Explo- rations for Sewer Tunnels in Rochester, NY. • Proceedings, 1983 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference. Littleton, Colo.: Society of Mining Engineers, AIME. 157

Crous, C.M. 1971. •computer-Assisted Interpretation of Electrical sound- ings• (Thesis T-1363). Golden: Colorado School of Mines. 108 pp. Dalton, F.E. 1983. •Chicago's TARP: SOlving a Problem, ()nee and for All.• Underground Space 7(3)sl93-198. Daniels, J.J. 1974. •Interpretation of Electromagnetic soundings using a Layered Earth Model• (Thesis T-1627). Golden: Colorado School of Mines. 84 pp. Daugherty, c.w., K.R. Ware, and J.P. Gould. 1976. •selection of the Ver- tical Alignment of Rapid Transit Tunnels. • Proceeclings, 1976 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference. Littleton, Colo.: Society of Mining Engineers, AIME. Deere, D.U. 1968. •Geologic Considerations.• Rock Mechanics in Engi- neering Practice. New York, N.Y.: John Wiley and Sons. Deere, D.U., ed. 1970. Deteraination of the In Situ Modulus of Deforaa- tion in Rock (Special Technical Publication 477). Philadelphia, Pas American Society for Testing and Materials. Deere, D.U. 1973. •The Foliation Shear zone: An Adverse Engineering Geologic Feature of Metamorphic Rocks. • J. Boston soc. Civil Eng. (October). Deere, D.U., and R.P. Miller. 1966. Engineering Classification and In- dex Properties for Intact Rock (Technical Report AFWL-TR-65-116). Kirtland AFB: Air Force weapons Laboratory. Deming, M.R. 1983. •stillwater Tunnel, A Better Outlook.• Assoc. Bng. Geologists Newaletter:23-24. Dengler, w.R., J.s. Redpath, and R.S. Brown. 1976. •aorehole Hoisting for Shaft Sinking and Development at Brunswick Mining and Smelting Cor- poration Limited, Bathurst, New Brunswick. • Proceedings, 1976 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference. Littleton, Colo. a society of Mining Engineers, AIME. Desai, A.J., M. Saidman, R. Hirschfeld, J. Rand, and R. Pizutti. 1976. •Geologic Investigation, Prediction and Construction EValuation for the Cooling water Tunnels--Seabrook, N.H., Nuclear Power Station. • Pro- ceedings, 1976 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference. Littleton, Colo.: Society of Mining Engineers, AIME. Donaldson, P.R., and G.V. Keller. 1974. Electromagnetic Surveying and Map Variation in Rock Strength (Report on Contract Fl9628-73-C-0042 for Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories). Hanscom Air Force Field, Mass.: Air Force Geophysical Laboratories. 27 pp. Dowding, C.H. 1976. Feasibility of Horizontal Boring for Site Investi- gation in SOil (Report FIMA-RD-76-1, Federal Highway Administration). Springfield, Va.: National Technical Information Service. 394 pp. Drozd, K., R.E. Goodman, F.E. Heuze, and T.K. Van. 1970. •an the Problem of Borehole Strength Testing.• Proceedings, 2nd Congress of the International Society for Rock Mechanics. Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Institut za Vodoprivredu •Jaroslav Cerni.• Dumbleton, M.J., and G. west. 1976. A Guide to Site Investigation Pro- cedures for Tunnels (Report 740). Crowthorne, Berkshire: Transport and Road Research Laboratory. 25 pp. Einstein, H.H., A.s. Azzouz, A.F. McKown, and D.E. Thompson. 1983. •Evaluation of Design Performance: Porter Square Transit Station Cham- ber Lining. • Proceedings, 1983 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Confer- ence. Littleton, Colo.: Society of Mining Engineers, AIME. 158

Federal Highway Administration and the Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE. 1974. Subsurface Exploration for Underground Excavation and Heavy Construction (Proceedings of a Specialty Conference). New York, N.Y.: American Society of Civil Engineers. 403 pp. ~urmaintraux, D., G. Colombet, and P. Gesta. 1974. •Quantification Methods of Discontinuities in Rocks and Rock Masses in Order to Deter- mine their Influences on Performances of a Pick Boring Machine.• Advances in Rock Mechanics (Proceedings, 3rd Congress of the Interna- tional Society for Rock Mechanics). Washington, D.C.: National Acad- emy of Sciences. ~well, R.J. 1970. •A Simple Method for Assessing the Machineability of Rocks.• Tunnels and Tunnelling (July/August):251-253. Fox, N.S. 1981. Bensing Syst... for Measuring Mechanical Properties in Ground Masses& Bore Hole Shear, Barth 8ettl...nt and Barth Penetrometer Probes (Report FHWA/RD-81-109, Federal Highway Administration). Springfield, Va: National Technical Information Service. 164 pp. Freeze, R.A., and J.A. Cherry. 1979. Groundwater. Englewood Cliffs, N.J.: Prentice-Hall, Inc. Frobenius, P., B. Chytrowski, D. Roberts, and C.L. wu. 1983. •Explora- tory Shafts and Underground Facility for the waste Isolation Pilot Plant (WIPP). • pp. 365-386 in Proceedings, 1983 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference. Littleton, Colo.: Society of Mining Engineers, AIME. Galster, R.W. 1977. •A System of Engineering Geology Mapping Symbols.• Bull. Assoc. Bng. Geologists XIV(l). Gentry, D.W., F.S. Kendorski, and J.F. Abel, Jr. 1971. •Tunnel Advance Rate Prediction Based on Geologic and Engineering Observations. • Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 8(5):451-475. Gill, D.E., and c. LaFrance. 1979. •Prediction of Penetration Rates of a Full Face Boring Machine on Montreal Island.• pp. 411-416 in Proceed- ings, 4th Congress of the International Society for Rock Mechanics. Rotterdam, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema. Golder Associates and James F. MacLaren, Ltd. 1976. Tunnelling Technol- ogy: An Appraisal of the State of the Art for Application to Transit Systems. Toronto, Canada: ontario Ministry of Transportation and Communications. 155 pp. Goodman, R.E. 1980. Introduction to Rock Mechanics. New York, N.Y.: John Wiley and Sons. 478 pp. Goodman, R.E., D.G. Moye, and A. van Schalkwyk. 1965. •Ground water In- flows during Tunnel Driving.• Engineering Geology 2(AEG):39-56. Graham, P.C. 1976. •aock Exploration for Machine Manufacturers.• pp. 173-180 in Exploration for Rock Engineering (Volume 1). Rotter- dam, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema. Grice, R.H. 1966. •Engineering Geology of the Montreal Subway.• Bull. Assoc. Bng. Geologists III (1, 2). Haller, H.F. and H.C. Pattison. 1972. •Predicting Materials Handling Properties of Tunnel Muck.• pp. 1279-1298 in Proceedings, North AIDer ican Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference (Volume 2) • Lit- tleton, Colo.: Society of Mining Engineers, AIME. Haller, H.F., H.C. Pattison and o.c. Baldenado. 1973. Interrelation- ship of In-Situ Rock Properties, Excavation Method, and Muck Charac- 159

teristics (Final Technical Report for Contract H0220023). Denver, Colo.: u.s. Bureau of Mines. 296 pp. Hampton, D., T.G. McCusker, and R.J. Essex. 1980. Representative Ground Paraaeters for Structural Analysis of Tunnelsa Volwae 2, In Situ Testing Techniques (Report No. FHWA/RD-80/013, Federal Highway Administration). Springfield, Va: National Technical Information Service. 319 pp. Hampton, D., J.s. Jin, and J.P. Black. 1981. Representative Ground Pa- rameters for Structural Analysis of Tunnelsa Volwae 3, Tunnel Design and Construction (Report No. FHWA/RD-80/014, Federal Highway Adminis- tration). Springfield, va.: National Technical Information Service. 201 pp. Handewith, H.J. 1970. •Predicting the Economic Success of Continuous Tunnelling in Hard Rock.• canadian Min. and Metallurgical J. 63(5): 595-599. Handewith, H.J. 1972. •suggested Tunnel Investigation Criteria for Rock Boring Machines. • pp. 177-186 in Proceedings, 8th canadian SYJIPOSiua on Rock Mechanics. Ottawa, Canada: Mines Branch, Department of Energy, Mines, and Resources. Harding, J.c., W.M. Mack, Jr., w.L. Still, and N. Tracy. 1976. Drilling and Preparation of Reusable, Long Range, Horizontal Bore Holes in Rock and in Gougea Volwae III, A Developaent Plan to Extend Penetration capability, Increase Accuracy, and Reduce Costs (Report No. FHWA-RD-75- 97, Federal Highway Administration). Springfield, va.: National Tech- nical Information Service. 291 pp. Heim, G.E., R.W. Messman, and H. Lawrence. 1970. •Geologic Exploration for Chicago-land and Other Deep Rock Tunnels to be Constructed by Mechanical Moles. • pp. 141-173 in Deep TUnnels in Hard Rock (Water Pollution Control Research Series, u.S. Environmental Protection Agency). Springfield, Va.: National Technical Information Service. Heuze, F.E. 1971. •sources of Error in Bock Mechanics Field Measurements and Related Solutions.• Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. 8(4): 297-310. Hoek, E., and E.T. Brown. 1980. Underground Excavations in Rock. Lon- don, England: Institution of Mining and Metallurgy. 525 pp. Horino, F.G., and M.L. Ellickson. 1970. A Method for Batimating the Strength of Rock Containing Planes of Weakness. (Report of Investiga- tions 7449). washington, D.C.: u.s. Bureau of Mines. Houghton, D.A. 1975. •The Assessment of Rock Masses and the Role of Rock Quality Indices in Engineering Geology with Reference to Tunneling in Hard Rock• (M.S. Thesis). London, England: Imperial College. 122 pp. Huck, P.J., H.J. Pincus, M.M. Singh, and Y.P. Chugh. 1974. Determina- tion of the In-Situ State of Stress in SOil Masses (Report No. FHWA- RD-74-68, Federal Highway Administration). Springfield, Va.: National Technical Information Service. 316 pp. Hudson, J A., and S.D. Drew. 1976. An Impact Penetrometer for Assessing the Cutability of SOft Rock (Report 685). Crowthorne, Berkshire: Transport and Road Research Laboratory. Hughes, J.M.O. 1973. •An Instrument for the In Situ Measurement of the Properties of Soft Clays• (Ph.D. Thesis). Cambridge, England: Univer- sity of Cambridge. Hulshizer, A.J., A.J. Desai, and J-P. Nossereau. 1978. •eesign and In- stallation of Large Diameter Sub-Sea Connecting Shafts for the Seabrook 160

Nuclear Power Plant. • pp. 237-246 in Proceedings, lOth Annual Off- shore Technology Conference (Volume 1). Dallas, Tex.: Offshore Technology Conference. Hulshizer, A.J., J.C. Stuart, R.L. Obradovic, and A.J. stewart. 1979. •Land Shaft Construction and Initial Station Development for Seabrook Station Cooling Water Tunnels. • Proceedings, 1979 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference. Littleton, Colo.: SOciety of Mining Engi- neers, AIME. Hulshizer, A.J., M. Saidman, A.J. Stewart, and F.X. Bellini. 1981. •Production Experience and Computerized Evaluations of the seabrook Tunnel Excavation. • Proceedings, 1981 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference. Littleton, Colo.: SOciety of Mining Engineers, AIME. Hulshizer, A. J., A.J. Desai, and J.A. Wilmer. 1981. •seabrook station Target Incentive Contract Shares Risk and Cost Savings• (International Tunnelling Association Conference, Nice, France). Philadelphia, Pa.: United Engineers and Constructors, Inc. 33 pp. Hustrulid, w.A. 1970. Devel~nt of a TUnnel Boreability Index (Re- port for Contract 14-06-D-6849, u.s. Bureau of Mines). Springfield, Va.: National Technical Information Service. Hustrulid, W.A. 1972. A Theoretical and BxperiMntal Study of Tunnel Boring by Machine with an Bllpbaais on Boreability Predictions and Machine Design (Interim report for Contract H0210043, u.s. Bureau of Mines). Springfield, Va.: National Technical Information Service. 260 pp. Ikeda, K.A. 1970. •classification of Rock Conditions for Tunneling.• pp. 1258-1265 in Proceedings, lst Congress of the International Asso- ciation of Engineering Geologists. Orly, France: Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussee&. Ikeda, K., and Y. Nishimatsu. 1980. •The Effect of Geotechnical Proper- ties of Rock Formations on the Productivity of Tunnel Boring Machines in Japan• (Report for working Group on Research, ITA). Bron, France: International Tunnelling Association. 14 pp. Ilsley, R.C., and M.J. Costello. 1983. •oiscontinuity Characterization for Underground Openings in the Milwaukee Water Pollution Abatement Program.• Underground Space 7(3):214-220. Jager, B., M. Reinhardt and P. Weber. 1974. •aock Properties and Their Influence on the Use of Tunneling Machines. • pp. 1494-1500 in Ad- vances in Rock Mechanics (Proceedings, 3rd Congress of the Interna- tional SOCiety for Rock Mechanics, Volume 2B). Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences. Javandel, I. 1965. •Ground water Inflows During Tunnel Draining.• Bull. Assoc. Eng. Geologists II (1). Jenni, J.P., and M. Balissit. 1979. •Rock Testing Methods Performed to Predict the Utilization Possibilities of a Tunnel Boring Machine.• pp. 267-274 in Proceedings, 4th Congress of the International SOciety for Rock Mechanics (Volume 2). Rotterdam, Netherlands: A.A. Balkema. Johnson, Inc., VOP. 1975. Ground Water and Wells. St. Paul, Minn.: Johnson Division, VOP Inc. Keller, G.V., A.B. Lebel, and E.L. Ausman, Jr. 1970. Evaluation of Air- borne Electromagnetic Surveying for Mapping Variations in Rock Strength (Final report for project AFCRL-70-0701). Golden: Colorado School of Mines. 161

Keys, w. s., and L.M. MacCary. 1971. Application of Borehole Geophysics to Water Resources Investigations (U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Investigations). Springfield, va.a National Technical Information Service. Korbin, G.E. 1979. Factors Influencing the Perfor.ance of Pull Pace Bard Rock Tunnel Boring Machines (Report No. UMTA-cA-06-0122-79-1, Urban Mass Transportation Administration). Springfield, va.: National Technical Information Service. 263 pp. Kruse, G.H. 1970. •eeformability of Rock Structures, California State water Project. • pp. 58-88 in Determination of In Situ Modulus of De- formation of Rock {Special Technical Publication 477). Philadelphia, Pa.a American SOciety for Testing and Materials. Lachel, D.J. 1970. •The Engineering Geologist's Role in Determining the Feasibility of a Tunneling Machine for Hard Rock.• Engineering Geology case Histories, No. 9. Boulder, Colo.: Geological Society of America. Lane, K.L., and L.A. Garfield, eds. 1972. Proceedings, North American Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference. Littleton, Colo.: Society of Mining Engineers, AIME. 1,664 pp. Lee, C.F., J.I. Adams, and R.C. Paul, eds. 1978. Design of Hydraulic Tunnels in Rock for Generating Stations. Toronto, Canada: Ontario Hydro. 259 pp. Lindner, E.N., H.H. Einstein, and E.H. Vanmarcke. 1977. •Exploration: Its Evaluation in Hard Rock Tunneling.• pp. 205-216 in Design Methods in Rock Mechanics (Proceedings, 16th u.s. Symposium on Rock Mechanics). New York, N.Y.: American Society of Civil Engineers. Lo, K.Y., ed. 1984. Tunneling in Soil and Rock (Proceedings, two ses- sions at Geotech '84). New York, N.Y. a American SOciety of Civil Engineers. 185 pp. Lombardi, G. 1970. •The Influence of Rock Characteristics on the Stabil- ity of Rock Cavities.• Tunnels and Tunnelling 1, 2. Louis, c., and Y.N. Maini. 1970. •oetermination of In Situ Hydraulic Parameters in Jointed Rock. • Proceedings, 2nd Congress of the Inter- national SOciety for Rock Mechanics (Volume 1). Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Institut za Vodoprivredu •Jaroslav Cerni.• Lull, S.H. and A. Ferreira. 1968. •Northfield Mountain Pumped Storage Project• (Paper 6247). J. Pqwer Division, ASCB 94aP02. MacDonald, R.D. 1978. •eompletion of Tunnel Through Landslide Deposit: A Key Element in Bonneville Second Powerhouse Project.• Tunneling Technology Newsletter 21:1-4. Maevis, A.c., and W.A. Hustrulid, eds. 1979. Proceedings, 1979 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference. Littleton, Colo.: SOciety of Mining Engineers, AIME. Mantovani E., P. Bertacchi, and A. Sampaolo. 1970. •Geomechanical Survey for the Construction of a Large Underground Powerhouse. • Proceedings, 2nd Congress of the International SOciety for Rock Mechanics (Volume 2). Belgrade, Yugoslavia: Institut za Vodoprivredu •Jaroslav Cerni.• Martinelli, E. 1978. •Groundwater Exploration by Geoelectrical Methods in Southern Africa.• Bull. Assoc. Eng. Geologists XV(l). Marushack, J.M., and P.J. Tilp. 1980. •stillwater Tunnel--A Progress Re- port.• Tunneling Technology Newsletter 31:1-11. 162

McFeat-Smith, I., 1975. •eorrelation of Rock Properties and Tunnel Ma- chine Performance in Selected Sedimentary Rocks• (Ph.D. Thesis). New- castle-upon-Tyne, England: University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne. McFeat-Smith, I., and R.J. Fowell. 1977. •eorrelation of Rock Properties and the Cutting Performance of Tunnelling Machines. • pp. 581-602 in Proceedings, Conference on Rock Engineering. London, England: Institution of Mining and Metallurgy. McFeat-Smith, I., and P.J. Tarkoy. 1980. •site Investigations forMa- chine Tunnelling Contracts.• Tunnels and Tunnelling 12(2):36-39. Meinholz, J.H., D.G. Wieland, and J.G. zack, Jr. 1983. ~ilwaukee Water Pollution Abatement Program OWner Implementation of Better Contracting Practices Recommendations. • pp. 1218-1236 in Proceedings, 1983 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference (Volume 2). Littleton, Colo.: Society of Mining Engineers, AIME. Meyer, R. 1978. •The Continuous Seismic Refraction Method.• Bull. Assoc. Eng. Geologists XV(l). Michalpoulos, A.P., and G.E. Triandafilidia. 1976. •Influence of water on Hardness, Strength and Compressibility of Rock.• Bull. Assoc. Eng. Geologists XIII{l). Miller, C.H., and J.W. Magner. 1978. •Nomograph for Determining Geologic Structure in Horizontal · Drill Holes and Tunnels. • Bull. Assoc. Eng. Geologists XV(4):383-386. Mitchell, J.K. 1979. •In-Situ Techniques for Site Characterization.• Site Characterization and Exploration, C.H. Dowding, ed. New York, N.Y.: American Society of Civil Engineers. Nelson, P.P., and T.D. O'Rourke. 1983. Tunnel Boring Machine Perfor- mance in Sedt.entary Rock (Geotechnical Engineering Report 83-3). Ithaca, N.Y.: School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University. 438 pp. Neudecker, J.w., Jr., ed. 1983. Current Technology in Drilled Shaft De- sign and Construction (Volumes I and II). Socorro: New Mexico Insti- tute of Mining and Technology. Nishimatsu, Y., M. Akiyama, M. Suzuki, Y. watanabe, and s. Miwa. 1979. •aock Machineability Testing System and Prediction of Productivity of Tunnelling Machines. • Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. Sci. Geoaech. Abstr. 16(5):329-333. Oliver, H.J. 1976. •xmportance of Rock Durability in the Engineering Classification of Karoo Rock Masses for Tunneling. • pp. 137-144 in Exploration for Rock Engineering (Proceedings of the symposium, Volume 1). Capetown/Rotterdam: A.A. Balkema. O'Rourke, T.D., ed. 1984. Guidelines for Tunnel Lining Design {Techni- cal Committee on Tunnel Lining Design, Underground Technology Research Council). New York, N.Y.: American SOCiety of Civil Engineers. 82 pp. Orr, C.M., and D. Kennedy. 1977. •An Aid to Representation of Inclined Boreholes on Vertically Exaggerated Geological Sections. • Bull. Assoc. Eng. Geologists XIV(4). Ozdemir, L., R.S. Miller and F-D. wang. 1977. Mechanical Tunnel Boring Prediction and Machine Design (Report Number APR7307776A03, National Science Foundation). Golden: Colorado School of Mines. 313 pp. Pattison, H.C., and E. D'Appolonia, eds. 1974. Proceedings, 1974 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference. Littleton, Colo.: Society of Mining Engineers, AIME. 1,843 pp. 163

Peck, R.B. 1969. •oeep Excavations and Tunneling in soft Ground.• pp. 225-290 in Proceedings, 7th International Conference on SOil Mechanics and FOundation Engineering (State-of-the-Art Volume). Mexico Citya Mexican Society for Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering. Peck, R.B., T.L. Brekke, and D. Hampton. 1981. Representative Ground Parameters for Structural Analysis of Tunnelaa Volu.e 1, Rational Approach to Site Investigation (Report FHNA/RD-80/012, Federal Highway Administration). Springfield, Va.a National Technical Information Service. Persson, P.A., and R.L. Schmidt, eds. 1977. Mechanical Boring or Drill and Blast Tunnelling (Proceedings, lst u.s.-swedish Underground Work- shop). Stockholm, Swedena Svensk Byggtjanst. 277 pp. Phillips, H.R., and N. Bilgin. 1977. •correlation of Rock Properties with the Measured Performance of Disc Cutters. • pp. 181-196 in Pro- ceedings, Conference on Rock Engineering. London, Englanda Institu- tion of Mining and Metallurgy. Plesah, M.E. 1983. •Numerical Methods for Jointed Media and Structures• (Ph.D. Thesis). Evanston, Ill.: Department of Civil Engineering, Northwestern University. 99 pp. Powers, J.P. 1981. Construction Dewatering& A Guide to Theory and Practice. New York, N.Y.: John Wiley and Sons. 484 pp. Price, T.O. 1974. •A Case History: Accoustical Surveying for Rock Structure Detection.• Proceedings, 1974 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference. Littleton, Colo.: Society of Mining Engineers, AIME. Priest, S.D., J.A. Hudson, and J.E. Horning. 1977. Site Investigation for Tunnelling Trials in Chalk (Report Number 730). Crowthorne, Berkshire: Transport and Road'Research Laboratory. Proctor, R.J. 1971. ·~apping Geological Conditions in Tunnels.• Bull. Assoc. Eng. Geologists VIII (1). Proctor, R.J. 1980. •san Fernando Tunnel Explosion.• Underground Space 4(4):217-219. Proctor, R.J., ed. 1981. •aapid Transit Construction Costs Related to Local Geology.• Bull. Assoc. Eng. Geologists XVIII(2):221. Proctor, R.v., and T.L. White, eds. 1968. Rock Tunneling with Steel Supports. Youngstown, Ohio: Commercial Shearing, Inc. Proctor, R.v., and T.L. White, eds. 1977. Earth Tunneling with Steel Supports. Youngstown, Ohio: Commercial Shearing, Inc. Prokopovich, N.P. 1974. •Methodology of Moisture Density Determinations in Test Holes.• Bull. Assoc. Eng. Geologists XI(l). Prokopovich, N.P. 1975. •Two Inexpensive Tools for Logging Drill Core.• Bull. Assoc. Eng. Geologists XII(2). Prokopovich, N.P. 1977. •Discussions: The Unified Soil Classification System.• Bull. Assoc. Eng. Geologists XIV(3). Rad, P.F. 1974. Correlation of Laboratory Cutting Data with Tunnel Bor- ing Machine Performance (Report of Investigations 7883). washington, D.C.: u.s. Bureau of Mines. Ramage, J., and J.H. Meinholz. 1981. •Tunneling for the Milwaukee Water Pollution Abatement Program.• Tunneling Technology Newsletter 34: 1-9. Rankilor, P.R. 1974. •A Suggested Field System of Logging Rock Cores for Engineering Purposes.• Bull. Assoc. Eng. Geologists XI(3). 164

Rispin, A., and N. Bilgin. 1977. •Predictions of Disk Cutter Performance from Laboratory Rock Cutting Experiments. • Trans., Inst. Min. Metallurgy 86(4):28-34. Roberts, A. 1977. Geotechnology. Elmsford, N.Y.: Pergamon Press. 347 pp. Robbins, R.J., and R.J. Conlon, eds. 1976. Proceedings, 1976 Rapid Ex- cavation and Tunneling Conference. Littleton, Colo.: Society of Min- ing Engineers, A~. 888 pp. Robinson, c.s. 1972. •prediction of Geology for Tunnel Design and Con- struction. • pp. 105-114 in Proceedings, North American Rapid Excava- tion and Tunneling Conference (Volume 1). Littleton, Colo.: Society of Mining Engineers, ALME. Robinson, c.s. 1974. Engineering Geologic, Geophysical, Hydrologic and Rock Mechanics Investigations of the Straight Creek Tunnel Site and Pilot Bore, Colorado (Professional Paper 815). washington, D.C.: u.s. Geological Survey. 133 pp. Roegiers, J.C. 1974. •oevelopment of a Deep Stress Probe for In-Situ De- termination by Hydraulic Fracturing Within a Borehole• (Ph.D. Thesis). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota. Rose, D., P. Kaboli, and R. Mayes. 1981. •Influence of Geologic Logs and Descriptions on Tunnel Design and Cost.• Assoc. Eng. Geologists News- letter 24(1):24-26. Ross, N.A., and w.A. Hustrulid. 1972. Develos-ent of a Tunnel Boreabil- ity Index (Report REC-ERC-72-7). Denver, Colo.: u.s. Bureau of Mines. Rutschmann, w. 1980. Mechanical Tunneling in SOlid Rock (Report No. UMTA-MA-06-0100-79-12, Urban Mass Transportation Administration). Springfield, Va.: National Technical Information Service. 246 pp. Saayman, C.A. 1978. •Fundamentals of the Seismic Method.• Bull. Assoc. Eng. Geologists XV(l). Sanborn, J.F. 1950. •Engineering Geology in the Design and Construction of Tunnels. • Application of Geology to Engineering Practice (Berkey Volume). Boulder, Colo.: Geological SOCiety of America. Schmidt, B., B. Matarazzi, C.J. ounnicliff, and s. Alsup. 1976. Subsur- face Exploration Methods for SOft Ground Rapid Transit Tunnelsa Volume 1, sections 1-6 and References' Volu.e II, Appendixes A-P (Report No. UMTA~iA-06-0025-76-1 and -2, Urban Mass Transportation Administra- tion). Springfield, va.: National Technical Information Service. Semple, R.M., A.J. Hendron, and G. Mesri. 1973. The Effect of Time- Dependent Properties of Altered Rock on Tunnel Support Requirements (Report No. FRA-QRDD-74-30, Federal Railroad Administration). Spring- field, Va.: National Technical Information Service. 231 pp. senseny, P.E., and H.E. Lindberg. 1977. Theoretical and Laboratory Study of Deep-Based Structuresa Volu.e I, Triaxial Machine for Static and Dynaaic Testing of Twelve-Inch Diameter Rocks (DNA4425F-l). Wash- ington, D.C.: Defense Nuclear Agency. Sherif, M.A., and R.J. Strazer. 1973. •soil Parameters for Design of Mt. Baker Ridge Tunnel in Seattle. • J. SOil Mech. and Foundations Divi- sion, ASCB 99(SM1):111-122. Singh, D.P., Y.V. Apparao, and s.s. Saluja. 1980. •A Laboratory Study of Effects of Joints on Rock Fragmentation.• pp. 400-409 in The State of the Art in Rock Mechanics (Proceedings, 21st u.s. Symposium on Rock Mechanics). Rolla: University of Missouri. 165

SObczak, A.J. and P.J. Peters. 1983. •Interaction of Design, Construc- tion and OWner on Small Diameter Tunnels: Northeast Side Relief Sewer System, Milwaukee Water Pollution Abatement Program. • pp. 330-342 in Proceedings, 1983 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference (Volume 1). Littleton, Colo.: Society of Mining Engineers, AIME. Sperry, P.E., and R.E. Heuer. 1972. •Excavation and Support of Navajo Tunnel No. 3.• pp. 539-571 in Proceedings, North American Rapid Exca- vation and Tunneling Conference (Volume 1). Littleton, Colo.: Soci- ety of Mining Engineers, AIME. Stephenson, D.R., and G.E. Triandafilidia. 1974. •Influence of Specimen Size and Geometry on Uniaxial Compressive Strength of Rock. • Bull. Assoc. Eng. Geologists XI (1). Stokoe, K.H. and R.D. Woods. 1972. •In Situ Shear wave Velocity by Cross-hole Method. • J. SOil Mech. and Foundations Division, ASCE 98: 443. Sutcliffe, H., and J.W. Wilson, eds. 1983. Proceedings, 1983 Rapid Ex- cavation and Tunneling Conference. Littleton, Colo.: Society of Min- ing Engineers, AIME. 1,258 pp. Tarkoy, P.J. 1974. •aock Index Properties to Predict Tunnel Boring Ma- chine Penetration Rates.• p. 415 (abstract) in Proceedings, 1974 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference (Volume 1). Littleton, Colo.: Society of Mining Engineers, AIME. Tarkoy, P.J. 1979. •Predicting Raise and Tunnel Boring Machine Perfor- mance: State of the Art. • pp. 333-352 in Proceedings, 1979 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference (Volume 1). Littleton, Colo. a Society of Mining Engineers, AIME. Tarkoy, P.J., and A.J. Hendron, Jr. 1975. Rock Hardness Index Proper- ties and Geotechnical ParaJMters for Predicting Tunnel Boring Machine Performance (Report for the National Science Foundation). Spring- field, va.: National Technical Information Service. 325 pp. Terzaghi, K. 1950. •Geologic Aspects of Soft Ground Tunneling.• Chapter 11 in Applied Sedimentation, P.D. Trask, ed. New York, N.Y.: John wiley and sons. Thayer, W.B., and J.H. Meinholz. 1983. •Improvements in Exploration Pro- grams and Presentation of Geotechnical Information: Program Management Approach, Milwaukee Water Pollution Abatement Program.• pp. 1155-1166 in Proceedings, 1983 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference (Volume 2). Littleton, Colo.: Society of Mining Engineers, AIME. Thompson, D.E., and E.s. Plotkin. 1983. •Massachusetts Bay Transporta- tion Authority Porter Square Rock Chamber. • pp. 979-997 in Proceed- ings, 1983 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference. Littleton, Colo.: Society of Mining Engineers, AIME. Thompson, D.E., and w.E. Stimpson. 1983. •subsurface Investigations for a Near Surface, Hard Rock, Rapid Transit Station Chamber.• pp. 3-18 in Proceedings, 1983 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference. Little- ton, Colo.: Society of Mining Engineers, AIME. Thompson, o.E., J.T. Humphrey, L.W. Young, Jr., and C.F. Wall. 1980. Field Evaluation of Advanced Methods of Subsurface Exploration for Transit Tunneling (Report No. UMTA-MA-06-0100-80-1, Urban Mass Trans- portation Administration). Springfield, Va.: National Technical In- formation Service. 412 pp. 166

Thrush, P.w., and Staff, u.s. Bureau of Mines. 1968. A Dictionary of Mining, Mineral, and Belated Ter• (U.S. Bureau of Mines). washing- ton, D.C.: u.s. Government Printing Office. 1,269 pp. Trautmann, C.H., and F.H. Kulhawy. 1983. •oata sources for Engineering Geologic Studies.• Bull. Assoc. Bng. Geologists XX(4):439-454. Underwood, L.B. 1970. •Future Needs in Site Study.• pp. 24-31 in Rapid Excavation--ProbleM and Progress (Proceedings, Tunnel and shaft Con- ference, 1968). New York, N.Y.: Guinn co. u.s. Bureau of Mines. 1978. Cores Operations Manuala Bureau of Mines Core Repository Systea (Information Circular 8784). washington, D.C.: u.s. Government Printing Office. 118 pp. u.s. Bureau of Reclamation. 1981. Ground Water Manual. Washington, D.C.: u.s. Government Printing Office. u.s. National Committee on Tunneling Technology. 1974. Better Contract- ing for Underground Construction. Washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences. u.s. National Committee on Tunneling Technology. 1978. Better Manage- Mnt of Major Underground Construction Projects. washington, D.C.: National Academy of Sciences. VanZijl, J.S. 1978. •an the uses and Abuses of the Electrical Resistiv- ity Method. • Bull. Assoc. Eng. Geologists XV(l). Waitkus, R.A., C.R. Burgin, and R.E. Smith. 1981. sensing Systems for Measuring Mechanical Properties in Ground Maasesa Volume 5, Dutch Cone Penetr011eter Testa--case Histories (Report No. FHWA/RD-81/113, Federal Highway Administration). Springfield, Va.: National Technical Infor- mation Service. 45 pp. wang, F-D., L. OZdemir, and L. Snyder. 1978. •Prediction and Verifica- tion of Tunnel Boring Machine Performance. • Proceedings, Burotunnel '78. Beaconsfield, England: Access Conferences Ltd. Wanner, H. 1975. •an the Influence of Geological Conditions on the Ap- plication of Tunnel Boring Machines. • Bull. Int. Assoc. Eng. Geology 12:21-28. west, G. 1975. Probing Ahead for Tunnelsa A Review of Present Methods and Reca.aendations for Research (Supplementary Report 171 UC) • Crow- thorne, Berkshire: Transport and Road Research Laboratory. West, G. 1983. •comparisons Between Real and Predicted Geology in Tun- nels: Examples form Recent Cases.• Quart. J. Eng. Geology 16: 113-126. west, G., P.G. carter, M.J. Dumbleton, and L.M. Lake. 1981. •aock Me- chanics Review, Site Investigation for Tunnels,• Int. J. Rock Mech. Min. sci. ~h. Abstr. 18:345-367. Wickham, G.E., H.R. Tiedemann, and E.H. Skinner. 1972. •support Determi- nation Based on Geologic Predictions.• pp. 43-64 in Proceedings, North American Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference (Volume 1). Littleton, Colo.: Society of Mining Engineers, AlME. Wickham, G.E., H.R. Tiedemann, and E.H. Skinner. 1974. pp. 691-707 in Proceedings, 1974 Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference (Volume 1). Littleton, Colo.: Society of Mining Engineers, AIME. Williamson, T.N. 1974. Research in Long Hole Exploratory Drilling for Rapid Excavation Underground (Report for ARPA Order No. 1579 through Contract H0220020, u.s. Bureau of Mines). Springfield, Va.: National Technical Information Service. 167

Williamson, T.N., and R.L. Schmidt. 1972. •Probe Drilling for Rapid Transit. • pp. 65-87 in Proceedings, Hortb AMrican Rapid Excavation and Tunneling Conference (Volume 1.) Littleton, COlo.: Society of Mining Engineers, AEME. Worthington, P.F. 1975. •Procedures for the Optimum use of Geophysical Methods in Groundwater Development Programs. • Bull. Assoc. Eng. Geol- ogists XII (1). Yardley, D. H., ed. 1970. Rapid Excavation--ProbleM ancJ Progress (Pro- ceedings, Tunnel and Shaft Conference, 1968). New York, N.Y.: Guinn co. Zahary, G. , and K. Unrug. 1972. •aeinforced Concrete as a Shaft Lining.• Proceedings, 8th Canadian S~iua on Rock Mechanics. Ottawa, Canada: Mines Branch, Department of Energy, Mines and Resources. Zall, L., and R. Michael. 1980. •space Remote sensing Systems and Their Application to Engineering Geology. • Bull. Assoc. Bng. Geologists XVII(3):101-152. 168

Next: Glossary »
Geotechnical Site Investigations for Underground Projects: Volume 1 Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $75.00
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF
  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!