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Contents PREFACE 1. MACHINE TRANSLATION: FROM A TRANSLATION TO A COMMUNICATIONS AND INFORMATION CHALLENGE..... CHANGING CONTEXT FOR MACHINE TRANSLATION 2 SEINING AND MEETING GOALS FOR MACHrNE TRANSLATION DEVELOPMENT 3 2. THE COMMERCIAL CHALLENGES ..................... CURRENT STATUS OF MACHrNE TRANSLATION DEVELOPMENT .............................................................................. MARKET PROSPECTS USER NEEDS ................................................................................. JAPANESE AND U.S. USERS: CONTRASTING NEEDS. 3. THE TECHNICAL CHALLENGES: APPROACHES TO RESEARCH AND ASSESSMENT..................... .8 12 15 .18 ...20 DEVELOPMENTAL STRATEGIES AND PROBLEMS 21 EVALUATING MACHINE TRANSLATION SYSTEMS. 4. THE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT POLICY AGENDA.. THE SKEPTICS... THE ADVOCATES WHAT MIGHT BE DONE? CONCLUSION ..25 ..30 X1 ..30 ..31 e33 ..36
Preface At the request of the United States Department of Commerce, the Office of Japan Affairs and the Computer Science and Technology Board of the National Research Council convened a Symposium on Japanese to English Machine Translation on December 7, 1989. With the initiative of a steering committee chaired by Dr. Roger Levien of the Xerox Corporation, the symposium was planned to provide a forum where participants from the private sector and other interested parties could discuss the current state of Japanese to English machine translation, market prospects, and user needs, as well as R&D policy options. Recognizing the potential contribution that machine translation and related technologies can make to the operations of companies doing business around the world, to researchers and policymakers who need to know about developments in Japanese science and technology, and to translators whose work could be augmented by the use of machine aids, the symposium was organized to share information and stimulate thinking about how machine translation and related technologies might address the needs of users in the United States. This report was prepared by staff members from the Office of Japan Affairs in cooperation with the Computer Science and Technology Board to highlight major points in the symposium presentations and discussions. Participants in the symposium and other experts provided valuable comments and clarifications. This report, however, incorporates a range of views articulated at the symposium rather than a consensus of those presented. . . . x~n
