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C O N T E N T S Organizat~on Fore~vord Contents Introducti on O ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e ~ 0 D.~electric Trends in 1947 :r D'elentr;~: O · ~ _ _ _ O O ~ O ~ O ~ O ''enera' and Theoretica1 Theories of Dielectric Polari.zation and Absorp+,i on Dielectric Cor,s-tant and D~electr~c fo.ss Dipole Moments and Molecular Struc~ure Conducti~ri (;y Capacitors E] ectrets El ec tro -disco sit~r Eff'ec ts Bib:iogracI~y TI Instru3nentation and Measuxement in the Fiel ~ of Die.l ectrics Bib2iography ITI Die' ectric Brea'¢~do~n O . O V · · e Solids Liq=ds Gases Bib1.iograpl~y TV hlicrowave Phenoinena in Gases ~ntroduction Apparatus e.nd ble+~,hods Inversion Spectrum of Ammonia Rotation Spect;ra of [~.near Molecules Symmetri c Top Mo1 e~le s Asy~etric Top Mo'ecules Nuclear Quadrv.po].e Ddon~en'~s and Spnn ~Jalues from Microwave A^bsorption t~nes Stark and Zeeman 13ffec,,s ~n I~icro~a~re Srectroscopy Radio Prequency Spectroscopy of Gases Xigh Prequency D~scharge Phenomena in Gases B~bliography Micro~vave Phenomena in L~quids and So3 ids Ivieasurir~g Equipment and Techniques Investigations of Polar Liquids Micro~vave Diel ectric Heating Bib~ iography O · ~ · · . Pa~e 1 · . ~1 · . ~ 3,11 . A . X. Sh£rrbaugn v i A. V. As+,in' N. J. Krilano:rich l 2 6 19 2~/' 26 27 27 3o 36 39 ~0 4o 44 44 4r7 . . T ~ ~ O D=ki:1 49 4~ 50 5o 51. 51- 52 52 · P. Fc .r~yke . E. J~ Murphy . Shepard Rcberts 52 53 53 54 57 57 58 59 60
Pare _ HI Cer=;c Insulation Spark Plugs Glass Steatite and Other High Frequency Ma+.,eri~als Ceramic Materials of High Permitt~vi4;y Met.a.l Ceramic Combinatior~s M~ scellaneous BE blicgraphy VIT Insulating Gils General Bibliography VIII Insulating Paper ASTM Symposia or; Insulating Oil Testing Methods Int,erfacial Tension Steam Emulsion Number Dielectric Strength - Application of Statistical Anal~rsis Power Factor Maintenance Tests - Genes al Oxidation {exhibitors Synthetic Insulating Liquids i, TV. Deaderick C. E. Traut~nan, }is O'T:agan . . . ~ . . ~. IlcMaLon Effect of Semi-Cor~ducting :~.~quids on the Die:Lectri' Properties of Cellulose Insulation Cationic Exchange Reactions of Ce].lu' ose acid The-. r Effect on Tr~sulat~on Resistance I`.~eta3ized Capacitor Testes Paper Capacitors Conta-£.rlirlg Chlorinated In~pregnants Benefits of Controlled Oxidatic~ on the Paper Papers as Di~eiectric In~sula.ting Materials A New Graft Capacitor Paper The Thermal Expansion of Insulating Paper Aging Tests on Class A Insu:Lation The Probable Breakdown Voltage of Paper Dielectric Capac indoors Bib:Lic:'grraphy {X Synthetic Plastic Insulation Introduction General Ar+,ic2.es Standard. Plastics I,]~terials Phenolics Cellulose Deriva fives Acrylates Polystyrene Polyvinyl Carbazole Re sin Si] ic one s Foly tetrafluroroethylene ~ Teflon) iv 62 62 62 63 63 64 65 66 68 6g 68 68 69 69 69 69 69 70 71 73 75 75 75 76 76 76 77 77 77 77 R. F. Boyer ~ P. C . VIoodiand 78 79 79 79 ~0 So Al ~1 Al ~2 ~2
! l . . ~
x IX Synthetic P] astic TnSulation (Cont'd) New Plastics Terylene Diallyl Pher~y] Phoschonate Tire and Cable TnsuLation Polymeric Plast~ci Hers Dielectric Heating Surface Effects Potting Compounds Bibliography Rubber Insulation .......... Bibliography v Page ~ ~ T. ~.21 aloe g R. Lyle ~2 ~2 ~2 ~3 83 ~5 ~6 ~7 91 94 J
D ULECTRIC TRENDS 19~7 A. H. Sharbaugh Gene ral Ele c tri c Re s e arc h [abo ratory Schenectady, N. Y. In the year 1947 the trend in the field of dielectrics has been toward the use of higher frequencies, both as to application and theoretical studies of dielectric systems. Many of the constants of dielectric phenomena formerly ob- tained by extrapoiation9 have now beer experimentally investigated at these micro The designers of .-neasurin~ equipment have been concerned with wave frequencies. making instruments of greater precision and versatility high-power sources a new era in dielectric heating consideration. gases at these high frequencies and reduced pressures have fled to the flourishing field of microwave spectroscopy. In the field of breakdo~r~ studies or soiree the tendency has been toward a more thorough investigation of the temperature dependence of breal<~.own strength and direction taken by the breakdown paths. The influence of polyatomic molecules on breakdown strength and corona of gases has also been given attention. The ceramic i7~duStr~r has shown continued interest toward the development of electrical insulating materials with lover losses at higher frequencies. Some stimuI.ation in this direction has resulted from the use of ceramics as vacuum tube insulators at the microwave frequencies. Paper insulation research has progressed along such varied lines as lowering of power factor, impregnation Keith semi-conduct- ing liquids, effects of oxidations and statistical analysis of conducting particles. Perhaps the most significant trend ire the field of synthetic plastics has been concerned with the use of polymeric plasticizers for the Diners type resins. These plasticizers are much less susceptible to migration and are immune to vaporization loss as compared with conventional plasticizers. On the practical side have been developed in the centimeter-wave region bringing about Dielectric 1 oss measurements of hi
